Illinois Telephone Users Group Peoria, IL June 6, 2007
IPTV Illinois Public Television Presented by: Dean Mischke, P.E.
What is IPTV?? Illinois Public Television Digital Video delivered over Internet Protocol Digital video delivered over a broadband connection by a local service provider Video streaming over the public internet from a remote provider is called Internet Television When bundled with Voice and Data is called the Triple Play Add Mobile Voice to the package to get Quadruple Play
Traditional CATV System Analog LNB Feed Satellite Antenna NTSC Video Off Air Antenna Satellite Antenna LNB Feed Digital Video MPTS IRD IRD IRD Demodulator Demodulator Demodulator 64 QAM Baseband Composite Analog Video & Audio Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator Modulator Demodulator Demodulator Modulator Modulator Modulator Premium Channels 40MHz RF Modulated 6MHz Channel Combiner Trunk Amp 330 MHz to 1000MHz To OSP Data Network IP Switch /Router Cable Modem Termination System GR-303 to TDM Switch or H.238 to IP Switch IP Access Gateway Return Amp
Fiber and Coaxial Plant STB TV TV Up to 3 active nodes TV CATV Headend Fiber Feeder TV
Fiber and Twisted Pair Plant Public Switched Telephone Network TV TV Central Office POTS Switch Fiber Feeder DLC TV Up to 12,000 feet from DLC to Customer TV
IPTV Addition to CATV Head End Analog LNB Feed Satellite Antenna IRD IRD IRD 64 QAM Modulator Modulator Modulator Combiner NTSC Video Off Air Antenna LNB Feed Digital Video MPTS Satellite Antenna Demodulator Demodulator Demodulator 64 QAM Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator Integrated Receiver Terminal/Modulator MPEG 2 Encoder MPEG 2 Encoder Trunk Amp 330 MHz to 1000MHz To Coaxial OSP Modulator MPEG 2 Transcoder MPEG 4 Encoder IP Switch /Router To Twisted Pair OSP Data Network IP Switch /Router Cable Modem Termination System GR-303 to TDM Switch or H.248 to IP Switch IP Access Gateway Return Amp
Digital TV Formats Format Index 1 Vertical Resolution Horizontal Resolution Aspect Ratio Scan Type Refresh Rate [Hz] interlaced 30 2 24 640 4:3 3 progressive 30 4 60 5 interlaced 30 6 24 480 704 4:3 7 progressive 30 8 60 9 interlaced 30 10 24 704 16:9 11 progressive 30 12 60 13 14 720 1280 16:9 progressive 30 15 60 16 24 interlaced 30 17 1080 1960 16:9 24 progressive 18 30 Type SDTV EDTV HDTV Standard definition TV broadcast today Of which 6 are High Definition
Digital TV Terms Vertical Resolution: Frame width in pixels Horizontal Resolution: Frame height in one pixel high lines Aspect Ratio: Ratio of Width To Height or horizontal resolution divided by the vertical resolution Interlaced Scan: Each frame is comprised of two fields: The first field contains the odd lines The second field is sampled approximately 20 ms later and contains the even lines Progressive Scan: Each frame is scanned top to bottom Refresh Rate: Represents the number of frames per second
What Makes IPTV a Challenge?? Most DVDs use ¾ of SDTV horizontal resolution which is 528h x 480v x 30 frames a second and is 7,603,200 pixels per second 720p-60 (1280h x 720v x 60 fields a second) is 55,296,000 pixels per second 1080i-30 (1920h x 1080v x 30 frames a second) is 62,208,000 picture elements, or pixels per second
Drivers of Video Compression for IPTV Lower video bandwidth extends the access technology s Service Reach Improves the quality of Sports and other High-Action programs Premium value channels where performance is key Enables High Definition Programs over constrained bandwidth Requires advanced compression capable HD STBs Saves Backbone Bandwidth Lowers Cost of Program Storage by reducing file sizes
The Scope of Coding Standardization Only the Syntax & Decoder are standardized. This approach then: Permits optimization beyond the obvious Permits complexity reduction for assisting implementations Allows improvements over time without change-out of CPE Provides no guarantees of Quality Source Pre-Processing Encoding Secret Sauce applied here Destination Post-Processing & Error Recovery Decoding Stream Syntax Scope of Standard
MPEG-2 MPEG-2 (1994) is a standard used to compress audio and video (AV) digital data MPEG-2 is the designation for a group of coding standards for AV, agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) MPEG-2 is typically used to encode audio and video for broadcast signals, including direct broadcast satellite, IPTV and Cable TV
Required MPEG-2 Bit Rate in Mbps 1080i-30 720p-60 720p-24 SDTV HHR SDTV 0 5 10 15 20
MPEG-4/H.264 Introduced in late 1998, is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-4 incorporates many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, adding new features such as (extended) VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files (including audio, video and VRML objects), support for externally-specified Digital Rights Management and various types of interactivity
Required MPEG-4 Bit Rate in Mbps 1080i-30 720p-60 720p-24 SDTV HHR SDTV 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Windows Media Video (WMV9) VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE standard 421M describing a video codec based on Windows Media Video version 9. It is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264 (a.k.a. AVC a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 10). Although VC-1 and WMV9 refer to the same codec technology as far as Microsoft is concerned, VC-1 is actually a superset of WMV9, containing more coding tools for interlaced video sequences than the original WMV9 codec which concentrated on progressive encoding for computer displays.
xdsl Transport System Bandwidth 50 xdsl Loop Reach Megabits Per Second 45 40 35 30 25 20 ADSL ADSL 2+ Bonded ADSL 2+ VDSL VDSL 2 3 SD Ch HDTV 15 10 5 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Kilofeet
Service vs. Distance over Twisted Pair 28M 26M 24M 22M 20M 18M 16M 14M 12M 10M 8M 6M 4M 2M 0 MPEG-2 HD MPEG-2 MPEG-2 Internet / VOIP MPEG-4 AVC HD MPEG-2 MPEG-2 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 AVC HD MPEG-2 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 H.264 MPEG-4 H.264 MPEG-4 AVC HD MPEG-4 H.264 MPEG-4 H.264 MPEG-4 H.264 Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP ADSL Down S=1/2 Down ADSL2 Down ADSL2+ Down 24 AWG Cu 0 5000 10000 ft 15000 ft 20000 ft 25000 ft Hybrid Approach up to 8k ft Pure MPEG-4 Approach up to 15kft
Where to start?? Set Service Goals for your company Without a goal, it will be easy to spend money that will be wasted New plant will be deployed that exceeds the bandwidth requirements of the goals accomplished, leaving a stranded investment New plant will be inadequate to meet bandwidth required of the goals desired, resulting in duplication of expense to reinforce the network It is interesting to note that you do not need to decide on which plant architecture you want to deploy today, only determine the services you want to provide, coverage area, and when they need to be implemented
Where to start?? Goals Continued What type of service do you want to provide? Voice, data, video What types of services will be profitable? Voice? Data? Video? Combination of the above?? What type of services do you need to provide to maintain your existing customer base? Voice, data, video? Where will you offer the services? Entire serving area Will you offer tiered services based on distance from a fiber node? Will you extend your broadband network to reach customers you currently cannot serve?
Where to start?? Goals Continued Why are service goals important? Voice: FITL up to 18 kft Survives on long loops Requires almost no bandwidth compared to other services Data: FITL up to 12 kft or HFC Can provide 1 to 4 Mbps out to the edge of the loop Requires relatively little bandwidth for a satisfactory user experience Video: RF Video: FTTX, HFC Digital Video: FITL up to 8 kft, FTTC, FTTX, HFC
Where to start?? Goals Continued Set 10 Year Service Goals Due to the current regulatory environment, this goal may be impossible to determine Possible Settlement Changes will affect revenue Services allowed Set 5 Year Service Goals This goal may still be a reach; however, it should be possible to establish a well designed goal Set 2 Year Service Goals This goal is a necessity and should be able to be accomplished with a reasonable amount of certainty
Why Copper?? Excels at low cost voice Excels as a dedicated service Upstream and downstream capabilities are equal Passive network to support the customer Does not require power at the customer premise to support lifeline voice services Initially designed as a low bandwidth circuit Recent technology has dramatically increased the bandwidth distance curves; however, copper is still considered bandwidth challenged beyond 4-6 kft
Why Fiber?? Lifetime of fiber is expected to be greater than copper Unlimited bandwidth capabilities suggest the network will not require upgrading when a new service is required Outside Interference is eliminated Maintenance is less As the technology matures, better techniques are continuing to be developed for the constructing and maintaining of the distribution plant
How To Move Forward?? OSP Design Concepts For the purpose of this presentation, the discussion will be focused on a telephone company looking to provide digital video services in the next 5 years Practical Applications for Rural Urban Drop
How To Move Forward?? Design Concepts Which design concept should you use? FTIL FTTC Active FTTP Passive FTTP Each Design will overlay the other with careful planning. Keep the FSAN GPON standards in mind when designing your network Rural DLC site migrates to a branch point for 6 kft DLC site closer to the subscriber DLC site migrates to the PON site for passive FTTP Insert a FTTP Blade in the rural DLC to become an OLT for active or passive FTTP Urban SAC or Cross-Connect cabinet migrates to the 2-4 kft DLC Site DLC site migrates to the PON site for FTTP Insert a FTTP bladed in the DLC site to become a branch point for FTTC Insert a FTTP blade in the DLC to become an OLT for active or passive FTTP
How To Move Forward?? Design Concepts Continued Fiber Feeder Design Just as with FITL, both active and passive FTTP are most cost effective with nodes serving 200 subscribers and larger Two feeder fibers can support up to 1000 subscribers in an active FTTP Each feeder fiber can support up to 32 subscribers in a passive FTTP Some industry experts recommend 1 feeder fiber for 16 subscribers as a design criteria in the event that you need more than 1 Gbps for every 32 subscribers Distribution Design Fiber distribution Provide 1.2 fiber for every customer or buildable lot Limit the cable size to 144 fiber or less, preferably less than 96 fiber Copper Distribution Provide 2 pair for every existing customer or buildable lot Limit distribution lengths to 4 to 6 kft Limit FTTC distribution lengths to 1 kft or 24 subscribers Each architecture can overlay the other with careful planning
How To Move Forward?? Existing Copper Plant Premise 1 CO Distribution Pedestal Switch MDF Twisted Pair Copper Feeder Pedestal Twisted Pair Copper Data Network Distribution Pedestal NID Premise x
FITL: Step 1 How To Move Forward?? Switch CO FDF Fiber Broadband DLC 9 12 kft Twisted Pair Copper Distribution Pedestal Premise 1 COT Distribution Pedestal NID Data Network Premise x The Feeder pedestal is replaced with the Broadband DLC retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.
FITL: Step 2 How To Move Forward?? CO 4 6 kft Distribution Pedestal Premise 1 Switch FDF Fiber Twisted Pair Copper COT Fiber Distribution Pedestal NID Data Network Broadband DLC Premise x The Broadband DLC is moved to into the distribution network, retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.
FTTP: Step 3 How To Move Forward?? Premise 1 CO Distribution Pedestal Switch FDF Fiber Fiber Drop COT Fiber Distribution Pedestal NID Data Network PON Cabinet or Active Cabinet Premise x The Broadband DLC is replaced with a PON cabinet or Active FTTP electronics and a fiber drop is placed to serve the subscriber.
Fiber and Coaxial Plant Disadvantages Excel at unified services (several sizes fit all) Large number of active components in the network Limited serving area requiring higher subscriber densities to be cost effective Networks are typically designed to available the majority of the time Difficult to increase capacity, especially in the upstream direction Challenges Customized service provision requires a Set Top Box at every customer Network Powering for lifeline POTS System reliability Security in a shared network
Fiber and Coaxial Plant Original Intent: Video Services Larger number of channels than what was available off the air Provides content that could not be broadcast over the airwaves Eliminated the need for external antennas Advantages Very High Bandwidth Capabilities in the downstream direction Still the lowest cost network to provide basic video services