Written as per the latest paper pattern prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune. STD. XI ENGLISH YUVAKBHARATI Salient Features Based on the latest paper pattern Exhaustive coverage of syllabus in an easy to grasp format Textual as well as variety of Additional Questions covered Paraphrases of poems and Introduction to lessons Ample practice of Grammar and Vocabulary Glossary explaining difficult or uncommon words and expressions Separate Sections on Grammar and Writing Skills Printed at: India Printing Works, Mumbai Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. 10169_11940_JUP P.O. No. 72860
Contents No. Topic Name Page No. UNIT ONE: SELF 1.1 Start Where You Stand 1 1.2 Climb Every Mountain 5 1.3 A Time to Buy Horses 13 1.4 Me, Myself and I 24 UNIT TWO: FAMILY 2.1 Work 31 2.2 Bike Ride 35 2.3 The Best Advice I Ever Had 43 2.4 Mommy Knows Best 53 UNIT THREE: CITY 3.1 City 62 3.2 Schooling on the Streets 67 3.3 The Jamun Tree 76 3.4 Mumbai s Dabbawalas 88 UNIT FOUR: SOCIETY 4.1 On Journeys through the States 98 4.2 Shock and Calm 104 4.3 The Puppy 114 4.4 A Letter from a Father to His Little Son 123 UNIT FIVE: STATE 5.1 My Mother 131 5.2 Traffic Problems 136 5.3 Indian Women s Income Doubles 144 5.4 A Working-Class Hero 149 UNIT SIX: NATION 6.1 Marching Song 158 6.2 Empower the Farmer 164 6.3 The Imagined and the Real 171 6.4 Gandhiji : A 21 st Century Leader 179 UNIT SEVEN: WORLD 7.1 O Gentlemen 189 7.2 The Real Rain Man 193 7.3 For Heaven s Sake 201 7.4 Martin Luther King Jr. : A Tribute 209 UNIT EIGHT: UNIVERSE / ENVIRONMENT 8.1 The Flower School 217 8.2 Harry Potter Novels Go Digital 221 8.3 Where Peacocks Enjoy Pride of Perch 227 8.4 Kick the Habit! Go Carbon Low 232 RAPID READING SECTION 1 The Joy of Learning 239 2 Gateman s Gift 243 3 The Happy Prince 248 4 The Gift of the Magi 252 5 The Wise Judge 256
GRAMMAR 1 Verbs of Perception 259 2 Word Formation 260 3 Linking Words or Discourse Markers 262 4 Rhetorical Questions 263 5 Collocations 264 6 Infinitives 265 7 Gerunds and Participles 266 8 Uses of too and enough 267 9 Articles 268 10 Prepositions 269 11 Modal Auxiliaries 270 12 Degrees of Comparison 271 13 Tenses 273 14 Reported Speech 276 15 Active and Passive Voice 278 16 Types of Sentences 280 17 Clauses 282 18 Figures of Speech 285 WRITING SKILLS 1 Note-making 287 2 Unseen Passages 290 3 Letter Writing 294 4 Leaflet 301 5 Appeal 304 6 Report Writing 306 7 News Report Writing 308 8 Information Transfer 310 9 View Counterview 312 10 Interview Questions 314 11 Drafting a Speech 315 Note: All the Textual questions are represented by * mark All the modified Textual questions are represented by # mark
1.1 Start Where You Stand - Berton Braley Glossary Words anew (adv) backward look banned (v) buried woes chapter in the book dead despairs drive ahead (phrase) fleet (adj) never mind (phrase) right at hand strain and stress (n) trial (n) triumph (n) vanished days you re done with it (phrase) you re through (phrase) Pre-reading Activity Meanings in a new or different way disapproving look forbidden by law, prohibited hidden troubles and problems here, period of time in life feelings of hopelessness make progress able to run fast don t worry about, don t concern yourself with very near, closely worry or anxiety difficult experience, challenge, task or chance achievement, victory time that has passed or gone by you have finished the task you have experienced it *1. Have you ever experienced failure in life? If yes, what was the occasion? How did you feel about it? Ans: Yes, I have experienced failure in my life. It was in an inter-school chess competition. My friends and teachers had high expectations from me since I was good at the sport, but I lost the finale to a proficient competitor. I was disappointed. I felt as though I had let down my guardians and well-wishers. *2. Did anyone console and encourage you at that time? How? Ans: Yes, my mother consoled me at the moment by saying that failure was a lesson in disguise. One has to experience defeat to value success. She also told me that the game highlighted the areas where I needed to improve. She helped me understand that victory or defeat was temporary, but my love for the sport was permanent. Hence, I should focus on improving myself. She was able to encourage me to work harder and consider the defeat as a learning experience. *3. What advice would you give to a friend who aspires to achieve success? Ans: I would advise a friend who aspires to achieve success to find his / her strengths, utilise them and work to the best of his / her ability in whatever he / her chooses to do. I would also tell him / her that failures are a part of the journey to success. One should learn from his / her mistakes and not be demotivated by failure. *4. Look at the title of the poem and guess what it means. Ans: The title of the poem means that one should work towards a better future from the point where one stands. Even if he / she has faced failure in the past, he / she should not dwell on it. Paraphrase In the poem Start Where Your Stand, the poet talks about a new beginning in life after failure. He advises the readers to begin from where they are today. The past setbacks should not be obstacles for a new start in our life. The poet further tells if we keep on remembering the past it would never help us to commence a new life or a new beginning. To succeed in life, we should leave behind the bad moments and start afresh. The poet compares reading a book with a new start in life. In the same way, our life should also start with a new beginning. According to the poet, if we keep on thinking about our defeats in the past, we would never be able to conquer what is in front of us. If one succeeds in their present time, no one remembers the old days. We are known by the success that we achieve in our present time. What we have lost in the past cannot be gained back, but the future can easily be made ours by our untiring efforts. We should forget the sorrows and the loss which have been a part of our lives in the past because, if we keep on remembering it, we won t be able to succeed in life. To begin anew, we should jump upon an opportunity as soon as it comes our way, 1
Std. XI: English Yuvakbharati since time does not wait for anyone. We need to move with time, to make our future bright. We should be concerned about our present because our future is dependent on our present. Whatever comes in our way, we should accept the challenge and face it without any fear and eventually the past will become a history. The poet, in the end, informs us that yesterday is gone and it should be considered as dead. We should be brave enough to face the challenges of the present day and start a new life from where we are today. Extract 1 Read the extract from line 1 to 12 on page 2 of your textbook and answer the following questions. [Start where you stand strain and stress;] A1. Factual Understanding 1. Complete the following sentences: #i. According to the poet, we should not remember our past, as. ii. The past never helps us in. #iii. The new beginning is compared to. #iv. People do not care about our old defeats if. Ans: i. it can create an obstacle for us in achieving the goals in our future ii. beginning our life in a new or refreshed manner iii. a new chapter of a book or a new race to run iv. we commence our life with a new beginning and achieve success A2. Interpretation / Poetic Devices #1. Complete the web using the expressions from the extract which are directly or indirectly related to defeats or failures in the past. Ans: i. ii. iii. iv. 2 2 Expressions related to past defeats / failures vanished days never mind the past you have left it all behind at last you re done with it, you re through old defeats *2. Does the poet emphasise hard work and perseverance? If yes, pick out the expressions used in the extract that illustrate the same. Ans: Yes, the poet emphasises hard work and perseverance. Following expressions from the extract illustrate the same: i. another race that you have planned ii. start anew and win successes iii. And there is much of work and strain and stress iv. start where you stand *3. Pick out the examples of Alliteration from the Ans: Meaning of Alliteration: Alliteration is a figure of speech, in which there is repetition of the same sound or letter in quick succession at the beginning of words, giving a musical effect to the lines. Examples: i. Start where you stand Here, the words start and stand begin with the same sound and letter s. ii. The world won t care about your old defeats Here, the words world and won t begin with the same sound and letter w. iii. And there is much of work and strain and stress Here, the words strain and stress begin with the same sound and letter s. 4. List the examples of Tautology from the Ans: Meaning of Tautology: Tautology is a figure of speech that uses different words that convey / express the same meaning. Examples: i. You re done with it, you re through Here, the phrases done with it and are through convey the same meaning of finishing something. ii. And there is much of work and strain and stress Here, the words strain and stress convey the same meaning. 5. List the examples of Metaphor from the Ans: Meaning of Metaphor: Metaphor is a figure of speech that indirectly compares two or more things, i.e. without using like or as. Examples: i. This is another chapter in the book Here, an indirect comparison is made between the chapter of a book and the future.
ii. This is another race that you have planned Here, an indirect comparison is made between the future and a race full of challenges. 6. List the examples of Personification from the Ans: Meaning of Personification: Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities are given to inanimate (non-living) objects or abstract ideas. Example: Time is fleet Here, time (non-living thing) is given the human quality of being able to move swiftly (fleet). *7. List the examples of Metonymy from the Ans: Meaning of Metonymy: Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated or closely connected with that thing or concept. Example: The world won t care about your old defeats Here, world refers to the people in the world. *8. Note down the rhyme scheme used in the extract and show the rhyming pairs of words. Ans: The rhyme scheme used is: abab abab abcd The rhyming pair of words are: i. past - last ii. new - through iii. book - look iv. planned - stand A3. Appreciation / Personal Response *1. Who is the poem addressed to? Why does the poet say Start where you stand? Ans: The poem is addressed to the readers, people who have experienced failure in life and are demotivated. The poet says Start where you stand in order to motivate the reader to begin moving forward from wherever they are. He further adds that people should forget all that has happened in the past and start their life with a positive approach. 2. What message is conveyed by the poet? Ans: The poet conveys that even if we face defeat in life, we must always move forward. Failure is a part of life and we should not get stuck with failure. Instead of crying over spilt milk, we should strive hard for a better future. A4. Poetic Creativity 1. Give a title to the Ans: A new beginning Chapter 1.1: Start Where You Stand 2. Make a poem of four-six lines about success / failure. Use tautology in your poem. Ans: My journey has begun, I am all geared up. But, ouch! The road is treacherous! How long? How difficult? I am tired and weary. I want to sing and be merry. It s just a matter of time, When the victory will be mine. Extract 2 Read the extract from line 13 to 24 on page 2 and 3 of your textbook and answer the following questions. [Forget the buried woes..start where you stand.] A1. Factual Understanding 1. State whether the following statements are true or false, according to the poem. Correct the false statements. i. Old failures will always be remembered. Ans: False. Old failures will not stay and will be forgotten. ii. The future waits for those who are ready to accept, courageously, the challenges of a new beginning in life. Ans: True iii. You are either blessed or banned based on past failures and successes. Ans: False. You are neither blessed nor banned based on your past failures or successes. A2. Interpretation / Poetic Devices *1. Complete the web using the expressions from the extract which are directly or indirectly related to defeats or failures in the past. Ans: i. ii. iii. iv. dead despairs Expressions related to past defeats / failures old failures ancient history what has been, has been yesterday is dead; buried woes 3
Std. XI: English Yuvakbharati *2. Does the poet emphasise hard work and perseverance? If yes, find out the expressions used in the extract that illustrate the same. Ans: Yes, the poet emphasises hard work and perseverance. 4 4 Following expressions from the extract illustrate the same: i. Here is a brand-new trial right at hand ii. The future is for him who does and dares iii. iv. Get in the fight and face it unafraid Take courage, man, be brave and drive ahead #3. Explain the following lines: i. Forget the buried woes and despairs Ans: By this line, the poet means we should forget the sorrows and loss that we have experienced in the past. ii. What has been, has been; yesterday is dead Ans: The line signifies the importance of the opportunity which is waiting for us. We should not be concerned with whatever has happened in the past, as it is all over and it is considered as dead. Rather than looking into our past, we should concentrate on our future. *4. Pick out the examples of Alliteration from the Ans: i. Forget the buried woes and dead despairs Here, the words dead and despairs begin with the same sound and letter d. ii. The future is for him who does and dares Here, the words does and dares begin with the same sound and letter d. iii. And by it you are neither blessed nor banned Here, the words blessed and banned begin with the same sound and letter b. 5. List the examples of Personification from the Ans: i. Forget the buried woes and dead despairs Here, the words woes and despairs are given the human quality of being buried and dead, respectively. ii. Yesterday is dead Here, the word yesterday is given the human quality of being dead. *6. List the examples of Metonymy from the Ans: Yesterday is dead Here, yesterday refers to the entire past. 7. List the examples of Repetition from the Ans: Meaning of Repetition: Repetition is a figure of speech in which the same words / expressions are repeated to create poetic effect. Example: What has been, has been Here, the expression has been is repeated in the same line to create poetic effect. *8. Note down the rhyme scheme used in the extract and show the rhyming pairs of words. Ans: The rhyme scheme used is: abab abac abab The rhyming pair of words are: i. despairs - dares ii. hand - stand iii. aid - unafraid v. dead - ahead vi. banned - stand A3. Appreciation / Personal Response *1. Will this poem help you overcome strain and stress in your life? What will you do in that situation? Ans: Yes, the poem would help me overcome stress and strain in my life. The poet advises to have a positive approach towards life. Taking inspiration from it, I will face all the challenges that come in my way and overcome them and move ahead in life. *2. It is said that No defeat is final and there is no end to make efforts. Do you agree with this? Why? Ans: Yes, I do agree with the statement. Because when we lose, it is not the end of everything. Life provides us with endless opportunities to overcome the defeats of the past. We should always keep on making efforts to succeed in life. A4. Poetic Creativity 1. Make a poem of four-six lines about failure. Write down the rhyme scheme of your poem. Ans: When life tumbles And it s dark across, When even your shadow fumbles Don t mourn upon the loss, Buckle up, you can solve all tangles. Believe, my dear, this too shall pass. Rhyme scheme: ababcd Extension *1. Visit your school / college library or the Internet and search for at least four to five more poems that give a similar message. Prepare a folder or a poster. *2. If you have come across a poem in your first language giving a similar message, try to translate it into English. Share your experience with your class. *3. Learn the poem by heart. [Students are expected to attempt the above activities on their own.]