Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra Neal Gittleman, Music Director Patrick Reynolds, Conductor Young People s Concert Nature in Music November 13, 2007
Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra Neal Gittleman, Music Director Patrick Reynolds, Conductor Young People s Concert November 13, 2007 Nature in Music The Star-Spangled Banner Custer) Scott Key An Outdoor Overture Copland Sunrise from Also Sprach Zarathustra Strauss John Stafford Smith (arr. words by Francis Aaron Richard Flight of the Bumblebee from The Tale of Tsar Saltan Korsakov Symphony No. 6, Pastoral, 4th mv t ( Thunderstorm ) Beethoven Spring, 1st movement, from The Four Seasons Vivaldi Dawn on the Moskva River from Khovanshchina Mussorgsky Grand Teton from The American Scene, Suite No. 5 Grant Still Nicolai Rimsky- Ludwig van Antonio Modest William
Thunder and Lightning Polka Strauss, Jr. Johann The Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra Young People s Concerts are underwritten by MeadWestvaco Foundation
Dear Educator, Welcome to the November 13, 2007 Young People s Concert, Nature in Music. Each of the compositions featured in this concert paints a musical picture inspired by natural wonders of our world the simple pleasures of springtime, the fury of a storm, beautiful sunsets, and majestic landmarks. Students will learn how music can illustrate in sound the beauty and mystery of the world around us and will have an opportunity to see with their ears and their mind s eye. The program notes and the CD of concert excerpts are created to assist music specialists and classroom teachers in preparing their students for the concert experience. Please feel free to copy these materials to share with other teachers in your building who will attend the concert. You may also download these materials from the DPO website, www.daytonphilharmonic.com. From the homepage, click on Education at the top of the page, then Field Trip Programs, then Intermediate Grades. The teacher notes contain information about the composers and their music, and ideas for integrating this information across the curriculum. The activities are meant to be used in the regular classroom, as well as the music classroom, and do not require familiarity with the music. We hope these ideas will help provide an enjoyable and enriching experience for students and teachers. Gloria S. Pugh Director of Education Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra This concert theme and the information in these notes reinforce Ohio Academic Content Standards in Fine Arts, Language Arts, and Social Studies.?Listen to Music Director Neal Gittleman s welcome to the 2007-2008 season on CD Track 1.
Meet Our Conductor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Patrick Reynolds, Assistant Conductor Birthplace: Baton Rouge, Louisiana yes, I was born in a baton town. First Music lesson: I began piano lessons at six with my mother. In 4 th grade I started the cello and by the time the school band was available to me, I really wanted to join, so I started trumpet. Instruments I play: Trumpet and piano I became a conductor because: I enjoy the possibilities that exist making music with large groups of people, and I m crazy about the music. My job as a conductor is: Sir Adrian Boult said that the most important thing for a conductor was to see that everyone is happy and comfortable I think there s a lot of wisdom in that. Favorite food: Crab cakes Favorite childhood book: Poetry and humor What I like to do in my spare time: Sail, read a good newspaper in a good coffee shop anywhere. Vocabulary conductor?listen to Mr. Reynolds introduction to Nature in Music on CD Track 2.
The Star-Spangled Banner John Stafford Smith (1750-1836) (arr. Custer) Words by Francis Scott Key (1779-1843) The Star-Spangled Banner is the National Anthem of the United State s of America. This patriotic song traditionally opens the first concert of each orchestra season. Since this is the first Young People s Concert of the season, Mr. Reynolds will invite the audience to stand and sing The Star-Spangled Banner with the orchestra. Our National Anthem was created during the War of 1812. During this war between Great Britain and the United States, the British fleet attacked Fort McHenry, which protected the city of Baltimore. On September 13, 1814, Francis Scott Key visited the British fleet in Chesapeake Bay to ask for the release of his friend Dr. William Beanes, who had been captured after the burning of Washington D.C. He was held so that he could not pass on any warning about the Fort McHenry attack. The British admiral released Dr. Beanes, but told Key that they could not leave until after the coming battle. At sunset the British sailors told the Americans to look well on their flag, for by morning it would no longer fly over Fort McHenry. All during the night Francis Scott Key watched the battle. Whenever the sky was lit by the shells exploding over the bay, he looked for the American flag waving over the fort. As long as the flag still flew, he knew that Fort McHenry had not been taken. As the sun rose Key looked through the early morning fog. There, flying over the fort was the American flag. The British had failed to take Baltimore. Key was so moved by the sight that he took an old envelope from his pocket and began writing these words - "Oh, say can you see..." The day after his return to Baltimore, Key's poem was printed as a flyer under the name "Defense of Fort McHenry, and passed out all over the city. Two days later it was set to the tune of a popular song of the times, To Anacreon in Heaven, composed by the English composer John Stafford Smith. Within a week the song was being heard as far away as New Orleans. The Star-Spangled Banner became the official national anthem of the U. S. on March 3, 1931. Of course The Star-Spangled Banner wasn t originally written for an orchestra to perform. You will hear an arrangement (a reworking of the melody for orchestra instruments to play) by Calvin Custer.
An Outdoor Overture Aaron Copland (1900-1990) About the Composer Aaron Copland (rhymes with rope ) was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a child, he learned piano from his older sister, and began to compose simple melodies. When he was 13, he started taking formal piano lessons, and when he graduated high school, he decided to continue with piano and composing rather than go to college. For a time, Copland went to France to study composition. When he returned to the United States at age 24, his music was not very well appreciated. Despite a slow start, Copland gradually came to be loved across America, and his music was often described as sounding truly American. For his contributions to American music, he was given many awards in the United States, and he received a number of awards from other countries. Though he wrote many kinds of music, Copland is most remembered today for his ballets, including Appalachian Spring, Rodeo, and Billy the Kid.? Listen to CD Track 3. About the Music This piece is called An Outdoor Overture, but it wasn t intended for an outdoor performance. Although it s been played outdoors many times by orchestras all over the country since its premiere, it was actually written for a high school orchestra to play in a regular indoor concert. Their conductor asked Copland to write it because he wanted to start a program that created a focus on music for students by American composers, and no one represented America and American music better than Aaron Copland. Try this: Divide a piece of paper in three columns and number the columns 1, 2, 3. Listen to the following three excerpts. Write down adjectives in each column that describe the music you hear on Tracks 4, 5, & 6.? Listen to CD Tracks 4, 5, and 6. Using the adjectives you have written for each selection of music, write one or two sentences that describe the music. What kind of outdoor activity or scene can you imagine for each of these sections? Using your ideas, write a brief story about the outdoors. Discuss this: Even though this outdoor overture was actually first played indoors, what makes this a good piece to play outside? Vocabulary compose overture ballet premiere
Sunrise from Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spake Zarathustra) Richard Strauss (1864-1949) About the composer During his lifetime, many people considered Richard Strauss to be the greatest living composer in the world. He was born in Munich, Germany in 1864. His father was considered by some to be the best player of the French horn in all of Germany. Richard started taking piano lessons when he was four-and-a-half years old, and started composing when he was only six years old. When he was 17 years old, one of his symphonies was performed in Munich. He studied for a little while at a university, but left so that he could spend more time on his music. He became a famous conductor as well as a famous composer, and performances of his new works were covered in newspapers around the world. Strauss was proud of his ability to use music to describe things and actions, often creating very unusual sounds. He once said, I can translate anything into sound. I can make you understand by music that I pick up my fork and spoon from this side of my plate and lay them down on the other side. Think About This: Do you think he meant this statement literally or figuratively?? Listen to CD Track 7. About the music Strauss wrote a lot of music during his lifetime, including symphonies and operas, but he was most famous for his tone poems. A tone poem is a type of composition that tells a story or describes a scene using music, much as a poem might use words. The quote above might sound boastful, but Strauss was famous for suggesting very specific images with his music. In one of his other tone poems, Don Quixote, Strauss even makes the orchestra sound like sheep bleating! This particular tone poem is written in nine sections that Strauss named after chapters of a book written by a famous German poet. The music that you will hear in the first section describes a sunrise. It is particularly famous for being used in a movie in 1968 called 2001: A Space Odyssey. In that movie, the music accompanies a spectacular view of planet earth as seen from outer space.? Listen to CD Track 8. The main theme of this music is only three notes. Which direction do the notes go up or down? What two families of instruments play the theme in this excerpt?? Listen to the entire piece on CD Track 9 (it s less than two minutes long!). How does the music suggest a sunrise? If you close your eyes, can you picture it?
Think about this: How does this music make you feel? Why? See if your teacher or parents will show you the beginning of 2001: A Space Odyssey. Discuss this: What are some poems you know that tell a story? Choose one of your favorites and describe what kind of music would go with it. Newspapers around the world covered Strauss s concerts. How did people communicate around the world during that time? From the following list, circle the communication devices that were available from 1864-1949. mirrors handwritten letters telegraph cell phones radio television email walkie talkies drums telephone smoke from firepits Vocabulary composition opera symphony theme tone poem
Dawn on the Moskva River from Khovanshchina Modest Mussorgsky (1839-1881) About the composer Modest Mussorgsky was born to a wealthy family on a large estate overlooking a lake in Karevo, Russia. He took to music even when he was a toddler. He loved the stories that his nurse told him and tried to capture their spirit by making up songs on the piano, even before he knew anything about playing. When he was six, he started taking piano lessons from his mother, and learned quickly. When he was just 13, he entered a school to train for a career as a military officer. When he graduated (at 17 years old), he was assigned to the foremost regiment of the Russian Imperial Guard, commanded by the Tsar himself. In 1858, at age 19, he resigned from the Guard and focused on composing. Eventually, Mussorgsky came to believe that music should not exist just to be music, but should be realistic and educate and uplift mankind. Near the end of his life, he wrote, art is a means of communicating with people, not an aim in itself. Many of his works try to communicate this view of realism, but he also left many works unfinished, and after his death, Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who is featured earlier in this booklet, completed many of Mussorgsky s works.? Listen to CD Track 10. About the music Khovanshchina is a historical opera about the rise of the Tsar Peter the Great, and three of the groups of people who opposed him. The title refers to the main character Ivan Khovansky, and roughly translates as the Khovansky Affair. Interestingly, although the plot centers around Peter the Great, he never appears in the opera due to a law preventing any members of the royal family from being portrayed on stage. The Moskva River runs though the Russian capital Moscow, and this music comes at the very beginning of the opera. Before the curtain rises, it sets the scene for the story that follows. As the title suggests, the music depicts a very peaceful dawn Discuss this: What does the word dawn mean? Have you ever been awake at dawn? Have you ever seen the sun rise? Describe how this time of day sounds and looks.
before the rather violent events of the opera.? Listen to CD Track 11. The music begins very quietly. Raise your hand when you think the music tells you that the sun is beginning to rise. How did you make your decision? Close your eyes as you?listen to CD Track 12. Can you picture a beautiful sunrise shining over the river? How does this music make you feel? Draw a picture of the scene you imagined. Compare this description of dawn to Sunrise from Also Sprach Zarathrustra. How are they the same and how are they different? Find the Volga River on a map. The Moskva River is a tributary of the Volga. What other composition on this concert is from a story about a tsar?
Flight of the Bumblebee from The Tale of Tsar Saltan Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) About the composer Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, Russia. He was a master of orchestration (the art of choosing which instruments play which parts) and was well known as a both a composer and a teacher. Like Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov started composing when he was young, around 10 years old. Unlike Strauss, he wasn t very serious about music until later in his life. He took piano and composing lessons as a teenager, but he actually spent three years in the Russian Navy before writing his first symphony. As an adult, Rimsky-Korsakov wrote a lot of music, including 15 operas!? Listen to CD Track 13. About the music: Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, and he loved to write music using Russian songs and stories. The Flight of the Bumblebee comes from an opera he wrote called The Tale of Tsar Saltan, which is based on a story by a Russian writer named Aleksandr Pushkin. In the opera, the Tsar (a Russian emperor) goes away to war and the prince and his mother are exiled to a desert island. On the island, the prince saves a swan s life. But this isn t just any swan. She has magical powers, and creates a city for the prince to rule. When the prince wishes to leave the island to find his father, she changes him into a bumblebee so he can fly away. This music represents his bumblebee flight over the ocean.? Listen to CD Track 14. Many people recognize that this music represents a bumblebee even when they don t know its title. What features of the music help people to identify it so easily? What instruments make you think of a bee and why? Try this: Pretend that you are a composer. Pick an animal to write music about. What would your music sound like? Would it be fast or slow music? How would you use the different families of instruments in your music? Share your choices with the class. Vocabulary orchestrate opera tsar
Spring from The Four Seasons Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) About the composer Antonio Vivaldi s flaming red hair earned him the nickname the red priest. He was born in Venice, Italy and was the son of a professional violinist. Unlike many of the other composers on this program, Vivaldi was not a famous child prodigy. He trained to be a priest from the time he was 15 years old until he was 25. The first record of his performing in public was as an extra violin player for Christmas services when he was 18 years old. Though he remained a priest in name for the rest of his life, he did not spend much time doing priestly duties, especially after an occasion where he stopped in the middle of saying a Mass, went to his room to write a new musical theme that had occurred to him, and then returned to finish the Mass. In Venice at that time, there were four large orphanages just for girls, and all the girls were taught to play music. Vivaldi spent several years as the violin teacher and music director at one of these orphanages. The orphanage became famous for giving the best concerts in Venice. After leaving the orphanage, Vivaldi traveled around Europe writing music and giving concerts, earning lots of money. Unfortunately, he spent it faster than he could earn it, and died very poor in Vienna.? Listen to CD Track 15. About the music Vivaldi is most famous for his concerti (Italian plural of concerto) of which he wrote more than 500! (He wrote very fast.) Over 230 of these concerti are for solo violin and orchestra, and the most famous of those are The Four Seasons, a set of four concerti with one for each season. This concert will feature the first movement of the concerto, Spring. For each season, Vivaldi wrote a sonnet, and then wrote music to sound like what was described in the sonnet. Music describing a scene from a poem sound familiar? Even though these pieces are concerti, they are also tone poems, just like Richard Strauss Also Sprach Zarathustra. Read the Spring poem on the next page that Vivaldi wrote to go with the first movement.
Spring Springtime has come... (Idea 1)...and the joyful birds (Idea 2) greet its arrival with festive songs, And the streams flow in a soft murmur (Idea 3) while the springtime breezes gently blow. Now thunder and lightning announce the spring (Idea 4) and fill the sky with dark clouds. But when the storm has passed, the little birds return to their happy song. Do this: Circle any words that you do not know in the poem and look up their meaning in the dictionary. There are four main ideas in this poem. 1) Spring has come, 2) birds singing, 3) streams flowing, 4) thunder and lightning. Write each of these on four separate sheets of paper.? Listen to CD Track 16. Hold up your spring has come sheet of paper as you listen. This is Idea 1. How does the music remind you of Spring? How do you feel in the Spring after a long cold winter?? Listen to CD Tracks 17, 18, 19. Match the music you hear to Ideas 2, 3, 4. Hold up the idea sheet of paper that matches each excerpt. Discuss this: How did the music help you make your matching decisions? Describe how the music was different for each idea. Try this: Write your own poem about a season. How would music sound that would go with your poem? Collect some found sounds that could illustrate your poem. Vocabulary concerto sonnet
Symphony No. 6 Pastoral, 4th Movement ( Thunderstorm ) Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) About the composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. His father was a musician and Beethoven s first piano teacher. Beethoven learned very quickly and by the time he was eight years old, he was studying piano, violin, viola, and composition. When he was almost 22 years old, he went to Vienna where much of the important music of the time was being performed. In Vienna, he studied with the composer Mozart, who said, I shall be proud to call myself his teacher. Keep an eye on him he will make a noise in the world someday. Beethoven was not a very good student, however, because he didn t like to follow all of the rules of composition that he was being taught. Eventually, he came up with his own style of expression that broke many established rules. He soon became a famous pianist and composer, though, and his style influenced many composers. He became so famous that he was one of the first composers who could make a living by ticket sales to his concerts. Before Beethoven, most composers and performers were paid by princes and other royalty to write or perform just for that person s court. Another reason that Beethoven is famous today is that he began to lose his hearing relatively early in his life. Imagine losing your hearing when your life is based on sound! Beethoven was completely deaf by the time he was 47, but he refused to quit music and continued to perform solos and conduct orchestras even though he couldn t hear the music. He even continued to compose, writing down the music exactly as he heard it in his head.? Listen to CD Track 20. About the music This music is from the fourth movement of Beethoven s Sixth Symphony. Long works like symphonies are usually divided into several movements (usually four that have different moods.) This symphony is unusual because each movement is a musical picture of a scene in the countryside. This movement was written to sound like a thunderstorm, from the first drops of rain to the sounds of the storm fading away into the distance. Remember Richard Strauss and the tone poem? This symphony has a similar idea in picturing a particular scene in music.? Listen to CD Track 21. Beethoven uses dynamics (the loud and soft in music) to give us the idea of a storm. The sudden loud dynamics surprise us just as thunder often does in a real storm.? Listen to CD Track 22. This time the dynamics gradually build from loud to soft. The storm seems to be over, but then begins to build again. In both excerpts, what instrument seems to represent the thunder? Do this: Draw a picture of the scene you hear in this music. Vocabulary dynamics movement (in music)
Grand Teton from The American Scene (Suite #5) William Grant Still (1895-1978) About the composer William Grant Still is known as the Dean of African-American composers. Born in Woodville, Mississippi, he grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas. He studied violin in high school and knew he wanted to be a composer, but his mother made him study to be a doctor. He attended Wilberforce University, just east of Dayton but he left the university just before graduating. He wanted to be a musician not a doctor. He worked as a professional musician for awhile in Dayton and Columbus, before moving to New York as a professional jazz arranger, though he still composed classical music, too. Still was a very persistent composer and wrote a lot of music over his long lifetime. As his classical music became better known, he relied less and less on composing and arranging popular music. His Afro-American Symphony was the first symphony written by an African- American ever to be performed by a major orchestra. Still held many firsts for African- Americans, including being the first to conduct a major orchestra and first to have an opera performed by a major company.? Listen to CD Track 23. About the music William Grant Still was a very patriotic composer, and he wrote five suites of music about places all across America. This piece is from the fifth suite, and is about the Grand Teton mountain range in the state of Wyoming. Still saw this particular range as a majestic symbol of American strength, and composed the music to reflect that. Do this: Find the Grand Teton mountain range on a map. How would you expect music that describes this range to sound? Why?? Listen to CD Track 24. Does the music sound as you expected it to sound? How would you describe this excerpt to someone who hasn t heard it? Discuss this: Name some American landmarks. If you were a composer, which landmarks would you want to include in a suite? Vocabulary suite
Thunder and Lightning Polka Johann Strauss, Jr. (1825-1899) About the composer During his lifetime, Johann Strauss, Jr. became famous across Europe as the Waltz King. Strauss was born in Vienna, Austria. His father was a musician who led an orchestra that played waltzes, marches and polkas. The older Strauss did not want any of his children to go into music, because he thought it was too hard a life, so he encouraged young Johann to be a banker. Johann had other ideas though, and secretly studied violin with a member of his father s orchestra. When he was a teenager, he formed a small band and practiced in secret before performing in a concert featuring music by both his father and himself. Strauss and his orchestra occasionally traveled to other countries, including summer trips to St. Petersburg, Russia for a series of concerts. But they spent much of their time in Vienna, sometimes performing in several different places in the same day. Strauss wrote hundreds of waltzes, polkas, and marches for his orchestra to perform as well as many operettas, which were small operas, somewhat like Broadway musicals today. One of his most famous compositions is the waltz called On the Beautiful Blue Danube.? Listen to CD Track 25. About the music A polka is a kind of folk dance that was popular throughout Eastern Europe and Austria in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This particular kind of polka was called a polka schnell, meaning fast. It would have been difficult to dance to at that speed, so it was probably mainly a concert piece, rather than a dance piece. The music seems to replicate a storm with plenty of lightning and thunder, as its name suggests.? Listen to CD Track 26. What instrument represents thunder? What instrument represents lightning?? Listen to CD Track 27. Raise both hands in the air every time you hear lightning crash. Listen again and count the number of crashes! Discuss this: Compare and contrast this storm with the Beethoven storm music. Vocabulary polka? Listen to Track 28.
Glossary ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ballet a type of performance where dancers, accompanied by music, tell a story or set a mood compose to write a piece of music composition a piece of music concerto a musical work for a soloist who is accompanied by the orchestra conductor a person who directs an orchestra dynamics the musical term for loud and soft sounds improvise to make up music as you are playing it movement (in music) a section of a larger musical work that can stand alone opera a musical play, where all the words are sung, instead of spoken orchestra a large group of musicians who play string, woodwind, brass and percussion instruments orchestrate to arrange music for orchestra, which involves choosing which instruments play which parts of the music overture the orchestral introduction to an opera or ballet; an overture can also stand alone as a concert piece philosopher someone who thinks deeply about many different things polka a lively folk dance for couples from Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) premiere the first performance of a work sonnet a 14-line poem with specific rhyming rules suite a collection of shorter pieces that are presented all together symphony sometimes another name for an orchestra or a long piece of music for orchestra that is divided into sections called movements theme the main idea in a piece of music tone poem a musical work that tells a story tsar Russian name for a king
Music and Language Arts Write an interview with one of the composers from the concert. What would you like to know about his life? Research the answers. Following the concert, write a paragraph about the composition you enjoyed the most. Describe what you heard in the piece and what you liked about it. Write a thank-you note to Mr. Reynolds and the musicians of the Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra for preparing the concert for you. Be sure to tell them what you liked about the concert and why! Imagine you are an instrument in the orchestra and write a poem or story about yourself. Write a review of your concert experience. Compare and contrast the lives of the composers represented on this concert.
Our Concert Composers Had a Lot in Common! Answer the questions below and circle as many as apply. 1. Which composers wrote music before they were 13 years old? Ludwig van Beethoven Aaron Copland Modest Mussorgsky Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov William Grant Still Johann Strauss, Jr. Richard Strauss Antonio Vivaldi 2. Which composers took piano lessons before the age of 8? Ludwig van Beethoven Aaron Copland Modest Mussorgsky Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov William Grant Still Johann Strauss, Jr. Richard Strauss Antonio Vivaldi 3. Which composers had a parent who was a musician? Ludwig van Beethoven Aaron Copland Modest Mussorgsky Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov William Grant Still Johann Strauss, Jr. Richard Strauss Antonio Vivaldi 4. Which composers had a parent who didn t want them to earn a living as a musician? Ludwig van Beethoven Aaron Copland Modest Mussorgsky Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov William Grant Still Johann Strauss, Jr. Richard Strauss Antonio Vivaldi
Music and Math Composer Birth and Death Dates Years Lived John Stafford Smith 1750-1836 Aaron Copland 1900-1990 Richard Strauss 1864-1949 Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov 1844-1908 Ludwig van Beethoven 1770-1827 Antonio Vivaldi 1678-1741 Modest Mussorgsky 1839-1881 William Grant Still 1895-1978 Johann Strauss, Jr. 1825-1899 Complete the chart above and answer the following questions: Who had the longer life, Copland or Smith? Of the composers born in the 1800s, who lived the longest life? Who lived the shortest life? How old was Rimsky-Korsakov when Mussorgsky was born? How many composers were alive during the 20 th century? Now complete the chart below to find out what age each composer was when he wrote the piece featured in this program. Composer Birth Date Date of Work Age John Stafford Smith 1750 1799 Aaron Copland 1900 1938 Richard Strauss 1864 1896 Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov 1844 1900 Ludwig van Beethoven 1770 1808 Antonio Vivaldi 1678 1723 Modest Mussorgsky 1839 1872 William Grant Still 1895 1957 Johann Strauss, Jr. 1825 1868
Music and Citizenship Composers and Their Countries Locate on a map or globe the capital cities of the countries in which these composers were born. In which continents are the countries? Fill in the chart below. Composer Birthplace Capital Continent John Stafford Smith England Aaron Copland United States Richard Strauss Germany Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov Russia Ludwig van Beethoven Germany Antonio Vivaldi Italy Modest Mussorgsky Russia William Grant Still United States Johann Strauss, Jr. Austria Using your classroom map and your answers in the chart above, answer these questions. Which continents are not represented by these composers? What direction would Smith have traveled to visit Beethoven? What ocean would Still have crossed to visit both Strauss composers? What is the largest country represented? The smallest?
Music and History Timeline Composers History Your Choice 1600 Antonio Vivaldi born 1678 1700 Ludwig van Beethoven born 1770 1800 Johann Strauss, Jr. born 1825 Modest Mussorgsky born 1839 Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov born 1844 Richard Strauss born 1864 William Grant Still born 1895 Aaron Copland born 1900 1900
Music and History Choose two events that occurred during each composer s lifetime, and place those events on the Music and History Timeline on the previous page. 1710 Umbrellas become popular in Europe 1714 DG Fahrenheit constructs mercury thermometer 1751 The minuet becomes a fashionable European dance 1752 Benjamin Franklin flies kite to demonstrate electricity 1764 Mozart composes his first symphony at age 8 1769 Invention of the steam engine 1776 Declaration of Independence 1780 U.S. Constitution adopted 1787 George Washington becomes President 1812 First canned food 1814 Francis Scott Key writes words to The Star Spangled Banner 1826 World s first photograph 1849 California Gold Rush 1865 Civil War ends slavery 1869 Transcontinental railroad 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone 1879 Thomas Edison invents light bulbs 1886 France gives America the Statue of Liberty 1894 Italian engineer Marconi builds first radio equipment 1895 First motion picture 1896 Henry Ford builds his first experimental car 1900 Coca Cola introduced 1903 Wright brothers first flight in North Carolina 1908 Ford builds the Model-T car 1925 Scottish inventor John Baird transmits human features by television 1931 Empire State Building opens in New York City 1938 Oil discovered in Saudi Arabia 1943 Penicillin discovered 1951 Color TV introduced in the U.S. 1954 Segregation in U.S. schools declared unconstitutional 1961 First manned space flight 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act 1968 Martin Luther King Jr assassinated 1969 First manned landing on the moon 1981 Home computers widely available 1992 World Wide Web created for home use 1995 Leaders of Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia sign peace agreement in Dayton, OH 1998 E-mail becomes popular 1999 First balloon flight around the world 2000 International space station launched
Music and Citizenship Concert Audience Responsibilities Being a member of an audience is an important responsibility. Musicians can concentrate and play their very best when all audience members observe appropriate concert manners. Discuss the difference between attending a live symphony orchestra concert, attending a rock concert, and listening to music or watching a television show at home. Review the following concert manners:? Welcome the concertmaster to the stage with applause? Welcome the conductor and/or soloist to the stage with applause.? Sit quietly while the music is played.? Remain in your seat throughout the concert.? Applaud when the conductor puts down his baton at the end of each composition. Think about this: How do you feel when you have to perform or make a presentation in front of a group of people? Does the audience response and behavior have an effect on how well you perform?
Music and Citizenship Concert Listening Tips Going to an orchestra concert takes mental energy. Here s what you can do to be sure you get the most from your concert experience. NOTICE! When you are seated you will be part of an audience of about 2,100 people. Some of the musicians will already be on the stage warming up. When it is time for the concert to begin, the concertmaster, who sits in the first violin chair, will stand and all the musicians will tune their instruments to a note played by the oboe. When they are ready, the conductor will enter the stage and it is appropriate for you to welcome him with applause. CONCENTRATE! Listening to music is like going on a trip in that all parts of the trip, the exciting parts and the less exciting parts, make up the whole thing. But music is more of a challenge because you must concentrate to see and hear what is happening. Here s what you can do to stay focused and enjoy the concert. Don t let people around you distract you. Let the music get inside you. Remember that the music is being played just for you! Take time to look at each instrument as it is being played. As you watch, can you hear that instrument? Musicians have conversations with their instruments. Which instruments seem to be talking back and forth to each other? Observe how many different ways sound is produced in an orchestra. What does the conductor do? How does he show the loud and soft, fast and slow parts of the music? What else do you notice that he does? It s a workout, but if you really concentrate and are alert to everything happening on the stage, the music will speak to you and you will have a great time!
Map Skills Points of Interest 2. Courthouse Square 4. Dayton Art Institute 5. Dayton Convention Center 7. The Dayton Metro Library 8. The Dayton Visual Arts Center 10. Fifth Third Field 12. K12 Gallery for Young People 13. The Loft Theatre 14. Memorial Hall 15. National City 2 nd Street Public Market 16. The Neon Movies 17. Old Court House 18 Oregon District 19. RiverScape MetroPark 20 Schuster Performing Arts Center 21. Sinclair Community College 22. The Victoria Theatre Use the Points of Interest key to the right to answer the following questions. What number represents the Schuster Performing Arts Center on the map? Draw a circle around it. Is your school to the north, south, east or west of downtown Dayton? What downtown street could your bus driver or chaperone take to arrive at the Schuster Center? What number represents the Dayton Metro Library on the map? Draw a circle around it on the map. Describe a route you could take to travel from the concert at the Schuster Center to the library.
Music Web Resources American Symphony Orchestra League: Play Music www.playmusic.org An interactive site featuring music games and interviews with young artists and contemporary composers. Classical Net www.classical.net/music/welcome.html Find 4200 classical music files with links to 2500 more Classical Archives www.classicalarchives.com Large classical music site with fulllength music files, composers, live recordings, MIDI files and more. Free use for 5 files/day. Classics for Kids www.classicsforkids.com Based on the WGUC radio program Classics for Kids, this site features information about composers and pieces featured on the show. The Dallas Symphony Orchestra www.dsokids.com Music is fun to learn! Dallas Symphony Orchestra Music Education Site. From the Top www.fromthetop.org Explore the world of classical music by meeting other young musicians. Discover musical facts, stories, or guides to all things music-related. Fun Music Ideas http://www.funmusicideas.com Fun music ideas is a free monthly e-mail newsletter full of ideas for helping students learn music. Karadar Classical Music World www.karadar.it Includes composers biographies and a photo gallery. Music History 102 www.ipl.org/div/mushist Read about composers from the Middle Ages to the present and hear MIDI files of their music. Music Notes: An Interactive Online Musical Experience http://hyperion.advanced.org/15413/ Clear, concise explanations of many aspects of music, plus a section of interactive games. The New York Philharmonic Kidzone! www.nyphilkids.org Interactive web site for kids, parents, and teachers.