Dissertation Skills for Human Scientists 2015 Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian Anthropology
This session How to cite sources correctly & therefore avoid plagiarism How to use Reference Management Software SOLO & OXLIP+ Reference works Google Scholar v. Bibliographic Databases Searching Techniques & Keeping up to date
Dissertation Techniques
Avoiding Plagiarism "...You must always indicate to the examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc. should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied exactly, paraphrased, or adapted......the University reserves the right to use software applications to screen any individual's submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either plagiarism or collusion......although the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line material and other digital material just as much as to printed material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's Memorandum
TURNITIN The University employs a series of sophisticated software applications to detect plagiarism in submitted examination work, both in terms of copying and collusion. It regularly monitors on-line Dissertation banks, dissertation-writing services, and other potential sources of material. Although the University strongly encourages the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work, any attempt to draw on third-party material without proper attribution may well attract severe disciplinary sanctions
Good academic practice So follow citation principles and practices. Develop a rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent plagiarism. Be uniform in your referencing system:- Probably use the Harvard system as suggested in the Course Handbook but whatever you do use just be consistent
Referencing
Citing your references Just a few of the more common points An article in an online journal which also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print. To cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site, follow special rules which include the date viewed. A specific quote must include the page reference in the citation. (This also applies to tables & diagrams you have taken directly from another source.)
Using quotations A specific quote must include the exact page reference in the in text citation. They must also be enclosed by quotation marks. If you don t then TURNITIN software will ping it back as plagiarism, even if you have given the full reference. THAT means straight to the Proctors a whole load of hassle and a 50 fine!!!
Your Bibliographies Not just your dissertation Don t forget your Extended Essays
Citation practice A large number of manuals are available to give guidance and sound practice. 1:Doing a literature review / Chris Hart (London, 1998) [H 62 HAR ] 2:Manual for writers / Kate Turabian (7 th ed. Chicago, 2007) [LB 2369 TUR ] 3:Cite them right /Pears & Shields (2013 ed.) [LB 2369 PEA] 4: Complete guide to referencing & avoiding plagiarism / Neville (2 nd ed. 2010) available on-line via E.B.L.
What s the point of reference managers? 1 Staying organised Collect information about everything you ve read in one place. 2 Saving time Speed up adding citations and creating bibliographies in documents.
References / Bibliography Organize your research and manage your database of references Import references from many different data sources including direct from databases like Scopus or Web of Science, or library catalogues like SOLO. Store links to documents pdf s, images, etc. Include citations while you write your paper and format them in a particular style at the touch of a button
Software available Many different packages are available The principles are the same but the details are different Variations in price and features
LibGuide : Reference Management
About RefWorks University subscription Online accessible from anywhere Plugin allows adding references to your Word documents
Right-click on this RefGrab-It bookmarklet link
Sample Bibliography R.T.Tally is actually the translator of this item
RefWorks Overview Dropdown menus Search your references Quick function buttons Folders list Brief view of references in your collection
E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to getting online access! I had just googled the article rather than using SOLO, so that was the issue & why I d been asked to login, or use Athens or pay a fee
Catalogues The main map catalogue is a physical card catalogue in the Map Room, containing records of all of the sheet maps in the collection, together with most of the atlases. The general arrangement is by map scale, but records for maps dated before 1851 and all atlases are arranged chronologically Currently in the process of digitising our physical catalogue and deploying it on SOLO. (c.5000 post-1850 sheet maps & atlases published after 1988) Bodleian Maps
Illustrations Interesting new resource now available Glass Lantern Slides from Oxford collections Pickering c. 1905 Bruges 1948 Naples 1893 Historic Environment Image Resource (HEIR)
Your Choice
Dissertation Techniques Use SOLO or OxLIP+ to access Reference tools Abstracting and Indexing services
Reference Sources General reference tools International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (N.B. There is only subscribed content up to 2009) Dictionaries. OED; Oxford Reference On-line
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
Oxford Reference Online
E-books Reference books Blackwell Reference Online SAGE Research Methods Online Text books EBL (officially) the E-Book Library Oxford Scholarship Online Ebrary Academic Complete NetLibrary now hosted by EBSCOhost Ebook Collection
SAGE Research Methods Online
E.B.L.
Subject searching SOLO and Oxford e-journals cover Oxford holdings only by title Better to use specialist indexes covering the world s literature to find articles Access via OxLIP+ Use inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not online
Bibliographic Databases Excellent for locating journal articles, book chapters & book reviews (NB. References only,) General or specific subject coverage Different interfaces but similar functionality Not tied to library holdings Frequently will provide a link to full text
So what about Google? Is it just a search engine? Is it a publisher? or merely a platform, an intermediary? A content kleptomaniac and parasite (- in Rupert Murdoch's famous characterisation ) Or a stunning, hydra-headed incarnation of the zeitgeist? Is it a stunningly resourceful and ingenious servant? or is it on the way to becoming our master? Popham, P. (29/09/2012) The Independent, p. 20
Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated web crawlers No thesaurus / subject headings just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these!
Bibliographic Databases Abstracting and Indexing Services (Vast range) SCOPUS ProQuest OVID SP Web of Science
Search Strategies Boolean logic Truncation Wild cards Synonyms Which language are you using?
Boolean connectors AND combines terms to restrict results OR useful for covering synonyms NOT excludes unwanted areas of research
Improving Searching Boolean Operators Use Boolean operators AND narrows down OR broadens out NOT excludes Inheritance AND Haplotypes Haplotypes Inheritance Use brackets to group operations Altruism OR altruistic behaviour Human OR Homo (Sapiens) Human Homo (social PRE/3 cooperat*) AND ( altruism OR altruistic behavio*r ) Demographic Transition NOT Economic Economic Demographic Transition
SCOPUS THE bibliographic database for Human Sciences
SCOPUS Abstract & citation database containing peer-reviewed research literature. 22,000 titles from more than 5,000 international publishers. Now starting to include more book material 55 million records: 33 million records back to 1996 (of which 84% include references). 21 million records pre-1996 which go back as far as 1823. 6.5 million conference papers from proceedings & journals.
Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 1 Important to remember that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no single database is ever comprehensive. If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any relevant reference and search again.
Synonyms & Language Topic = The role of the primary attachment figure Search: A) Primary attachment figure B) Primary attachment figure C) (attachment OR bond) AND (figure OR parent OR caregiver) AND primary Context : child* OR baby / babies OR young
Bibliographic Databases ProQuest IBSS: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences Ethnic NewsWatch Sociological Abstracts PAIS International government & other grey literature Biological Sciences with 28 subsets inc.:- Animal Behaviour Abstracts Genetic Abstracts
Bibliographic Databases OvidSP BioSIS Previews Archive: (1926-1968) Archive for Biological Abstracts & BIOSIS Previews provides newly available access to 1.8 million records EmBase (1974- ) Global Health (1973- ) MEDLINE PsycINFO (1802- ) Zoological Record Archive (1864-2007)
Embase Biomedical & pharmacological database (especially strong in drug & pharmaceutical research). 22+ million records from 1974 -. Drug therapy and research, including pharmaceutics, pharmacology and toxicology Clinical and experimental (human) medicine Basic biological science relevant to human medicine Biotechnology and biomedical engineering, including medical devices Health policy and management, including pharmacoeconomics Public, occupational and environmental health, including pollution control Veterinary science, dentistry, and nursing
GLOBAL HEALTH Specializes foreign language journals, research reports, conference proceedings, annual reports, public health, developing country information, & other difficult to obtain material from 130+ countries Covers human health & disease and combines from 1973:- Public Health and Tropical Medicine (PHTM)-previously produced by the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases (BHTD) Human health & diseases extracted from CAB ABSTRACTS. communicable diseases (including HIV/AIDS) tropical diseases, i.e, diseases in the tropics (including field and experimental studies) parasitic diseases and parasitology - medical entomology human nutrition (including food composition, food poisoning, effects of diet on health, nutritional disorders, and experimental aspects) community and public health (including chronic diseases, occupational health, health status indicators, the impact of agriculture on health, and cancer epidemiology) medicinal and poisonous plants (including pharmacology, tissue culture, animal studies, plant composition, allergens, and toxins)
PsycINFO From the American Psychological Association Covers psychological, social, behavioural, and health sciences. More than 3.8 million records, back to 1802! Professional coverage beyond psychology to include related disciplines such as medicine, law, social work, neuroscience, business, nursing, forensics, engineering, and more Obviously very strong North American bias but 30% is material of European origin, while an additional 12% is from US dissertations. Also PsycARTICLES is a robust database offering complete access to the full text of more than 100 landmark journals in behavioral science and related fields ranging from education, to nursing, to business, to neuroscience. (nearly 200,000 articles)
MEDLINE Produced by the National Library of Medicine, U.S.A. from 1946- Covers biomedicine, including the allied health fields. Also the biological and physical sciences, humanities, and information science as they relate to medicine and health care In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations database consists of In- Process and PubMed-not-MEDLINE records from NLM. The In-Process records are records that will be put into the Medline database after they have been enhanced with MeSH headings. PubMed-not-MEDLINE records are records from journals found in PubMed but not selected for MEDLINE MEDLINE records are also included in both SCOPUS & on ProQuest
Bibliographic Databases Web of Science : Core Collection Includes Science, Social Science & Arts and Humanities Citation Indexes Citation indexes can be used in the same way as any other abstracting and indexing service. Their extra facility is the option to search the bibliographies of any articles- a citation search. Academics use the citation index to find out who has cited their work.
Bibliographic Databases BIOSIS (formerly Biological Abstracts) 1969- Life sciences and biomedical research covering pre-clinical and experimental research, methods and instrumentation, animal studies, etc.
Bibliographic Databases Zoological Record 1864- The world s leading taxonomic reference & oldest continuing database of animal biology. All aspects of animal biology & biodiversity issues Determine the first appearance of an animal name or new species Track taxonomic and nomenclatural changes Split between :- Current file (1993 Present) via the Web of Science platform Back file (1864-2009) via the OVID Platform
Zoological Record Web of Science Platform Differences OvidSP i.e. phrases MUST be in quotes i.e. this platform ASSUMES adjacent words are phrases!!
Zoological Record OVID platform field details
Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 2 Take time to explore the various databases & platforms available. Some will be more useful to you than others. Scopus ProQuest OVIDSP Web of Knowledge
Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 3 Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT Proximity operators Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field) Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific to each database and won t operate in cross searches Combining searches: #1 and #2
use quotation marks for searching for phrases e.g. affinal alliance Other tricks: Use symbols for wildcards and truncation? or $ for a single character globali?ation / globali$ation (is it an s or a z ) * or $ for truncation or variant spellings behavio$r or behavio*r depending on which database you are searching cultur* for culture, cultural, etc
Bibliographic Searching Search Tip : 4 Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings. Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and? to replace a single character. Expand search by following hypertext links esp subject headings Use tagging facilities within database to mark articles for printing, emailing, downloading or exporting. Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author s name, otherwise truncate first initial.
Bibliographic Databases Search :- Population ageing from a lifecourse perspective (2010-15 only) Scopus = 32 articles ProQuest = 37 articles (35 not found by Scopus) Web of Science = 10 articles (but 8 were in Scopus & the other 2 were in ProQuest) RefWorks de-duplication = 67!!
Bibliographic Searching Three ways to keep up to date: Saving and rerunning searches you save a search and run it again in the future. E-mail alerts / RSS feeds: Specify a search to be repeated and the results emailed to you at chosen intervals or on a continuous basis Select your favourite journal(s) & the database will tell you when the next issue of a journal is available. Citation Alert you will receive an email every time a particular article is cited in another WoS or Scopus indexed article.
Dissertation Techniques Apart from Bibliographic Electronic Resources there are some factual databases available via OxLIP+ e.g.:- World development indicators Demographic Yearbook etc.
GUIDE to RESOURCES http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/subjects-and-libraries/subjects/human_sciences http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/biology http://ox.libguides.com/oxford-anthropology http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/geography http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/psychology http://ox.libguides.com/zoology & even more via http://ox.libguides.com/index.php
Further assistance: This presentation available via WebLearn & on-line http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science/training/training-presentations More courses available: http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/itlp/ Other presentations: http://ox.libguides.com/workshops Guidance for references: The RSL training web-site has an introductory presentation on using reference management systems Sue.bird@bodleian.ox.ac.uk
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Appendix Results from Google Scholar
Databases (Scopus or Web of Science) enable you to: Refine results overview to find the main journals, disciplines and authors that publish in your area of interest. Click on the cited by and reference links to track research trends and make connections. Find out who is citing you or your supervisor, and how many citations an article or an author has received. Use Author Identifier to automatically match an author s published research including the h- index Use Journal Analyzer to provide quick insight into specific journal performance Analyze citations for a particular journal issue, volume or year. Use this information to complete grant or other applications quickly and easily. Use Alerts, RSS and HTML feeds to help you stay up-to-date Data export via bibiliographic managers such as RefWorks, EndNote and BibTeX