EUTRA/LTE and LTE-Advanced Signal Analysis Transmitter measurements on LTE signals R&S FS-K100PC/-K101PC/-K102PC/-K103PC/-K104PC/-K105PC Test & Measurement Product Brochure 03.00
EUTRA/LTE and LTE-Advanced Signal Analysis At a glance The R&S FS-K10xPC software is used for transmitter measurements on 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced base stations and user equipment. Analysis of MIMO transmitters provides detailed insight into the performance of the complete system. The software analyzes the modulation quality, e.g. EVM or I/Q imbalance, of 3GPP EUTRA FDD and TDD signals in both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL). These tasks can also be performed on MIMO transmitters with one oscilloscope or by combining two to four signal analyzers. R&S FS-K10xPC automatically detects and analyzes all LTE modulation types: BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. The user can define all bandwidths within the range from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz. Key facts Quick overview of key measurement results Advanced analysis of radio frame, subframe, resource blocks and channels Autodetection of modulation formats EVM < 1 % 2
EUTRA/LTE and LTE-Advanced Signal Analysis Benefits and key features Convenient analysis due to automatic detection of modulation formats Each signal subframe is analyzed and the QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM modulation formats plus the length of the cyclic prefix are automatically detected and used in the analysis. The cell identity can also be automatically detected, which reduces the number of settings required by the user to a minimum. page 4 Large number of display formats to evaluate transmitter performance A table containing the key measurement results provides a quick overview of transmitter performance. As LTE signals are highly complex (e.g. one frame of a 10 MHz signal may contain over 80000 different error vector magnitude results), graphical displays are more suitable for quickly locating performance trouble spots in the transmitter. R&S FS-K10xPC provides an abundance of graphical displays. page 5 Extensive TDD support R&S FS-K104PC provides many TDD-specific features such as power versus time measurement, special subframe configurations and measurements on downlink dual layer beamforming signals using UE-specific reference signals, enabling users to verify all important aspects of a TDD transmitter. page 6 Spectrum emission mask and adjacent-channel leakage power measurement included for ease of use When connected to an R&S FSQ/FSG/FSV/FSVR or R&S FSW, R&S FS-K10xPC performs the spectral measurements required by the standard. The measurements are automatically configured based on a few user settings. page 7 Automate your measurements Whether R&S FS-K10xPC is installed on the instrument or on an external PC, the measurements can be fully automated using SCPI commands. This makes R&S FS- K10xPC ideal for use in automated test systems. page 8 Rohde & Schwarz EUTRA/LTE and LTE- Advanced Signal Analysis 3
Convenient analysis due to automatic detection of modulation formats The LTE signal is a complex signal where many modulation formats and powers are constantly changing, making automatic demodulation an essential feature since it eliminates cumbersome configurations and allows users to perform measurements faster. Signal analysis can be based on the physical content of the signal or the content of the decoded control channels (PDCCH and PCFICH). This simplifies MIMO measurements and makes it possible to verify that the transmitted control information is correct. In the uplink, auto demodulation is based on physical detection. It can also estimate the demodulation reference signal. This enables measurements on signals also where some parameters such as cell ID are unknown. Summary of the resource allocations automatically detected in the DL together with the demodulated raw bits for each allocation in the complete subframe. Numeric display of the most important modulation parameters. The upper display graphically shows the allocations in the transmitted frame. The lower display lists results from the decoding of the control channels. The upper display shows the power versus time of the captured downlink signal, plus the positions of the reference signals, P-SYNC and S-SYNC. The lower display shows the error vector magnitude per subframe for the ten subframes in the frame. 4
Large number of display formats to evaluate transmitter performance Constellation diagram of an uplink signal together with the EVM versus carrier. Constellation diagram at antenna 1 for a MIMO signal. The key measurement results are listed in a table to provide a quick overview of transmitter performance: Error vector magnitude (EVM) of all carriers EVM physical channel EVM physical signal Frequency error Sampling error Modulation parameters: I/Q error, gain imbalance and quadrature error Power Crest factor Reference signal transmit power (RSTP, available only in downlink) OFDM symbol transmit power (OSTP, available only in downlink) For advanced analysis, a number of graphical displays are available: Frame power with color indication of important signal details such as P-SYNC, S-SYNC and reference symbols EVM versus carrier, symbol, subframe or symbol carrier Frequency error versus symbol Channel flatness and flatness difference Group delay Power spectrum (downlink only) ACLR Spectrum emission mask Constellation diagram with selection of modulation formats, allocation, carrier and for MIMO signals before (at the antenna) and after the MIMO decoder CCDF Inband emissions (uplink only) Allocation summary Channel decoder results (downlink only) Graphical display of allocation ID versus symbol carriers (downlink only) Bit stream Signal flow (downlink only) On/off power Power versus symbol carrier US RS weights for beamforming (downlink only) Constellation diagram of the same signal displayed after the MIMO decoder. Rohde & Schwarz EUTRA/LTE and LTE- Advanced Signal Analysis 5 FS-K10xPC_bro_en_5214-6280-12.indd 5 11.04.2013 19:31:38
Extensive TDD support R&S FS-K104PC provides many TDD-specific features, such as power versus time measurement, special subframe configurations and measurements on downlink dual layer beamforming signals using UE-specific reference signals. A TDD downlink transmitter requires several additional tests. The transmit on/off power measurement is an essential measurement that can easily be performed with R&S FS-K104PC. The software also supports all configurations to completely test a single TDD transmitter, e.g. all TDD-specific special subframe configurations and UL/DL configurations. Beamforming is an important feature of the 3GPP LTE TDD mode. Combining R&S FS-K104PC and R&S FS-K102PC allows testing of single layer and dual layer beamforming using the UE-specific reference symbols. Power on/off measurement of a TDD signal. Settings for dual layer beamforming. 6
Spectrum emission mask and adjacentchannel leakage power measurement included for ease of use To ensure compatibility with other radio systems and to fulfill national regulatory requirements, transmitters have to be tested for out-of-band emissions. These tests are normally performed as spectrum emission mask or adjacent channel leakage power measurements. As LTE is currently specified as a global standard to be used in more than 20 different frequency bands, the number of tests is significant. When connected to an R&S FSQ/FSG/FSV/ FSVR or R&S FSW, R&S FS-K10xPC provides all required configurations and limit lines, which can easily be selected by the user. R&S FS-K10xPC contains the spectrum emission mask settings for ITU categories A and B as well as the ACLR measurements where the adjacent system is a EUTRA system or a UTRA system with 1.28 Mcps, 3.84 Mcps or 7.68 Mcps. Spectrum emission mask measurement of a 10 MHz wide LTE signal, where the limit lines are checked against those used in ITU region A. The results are presented as pass/fail results and as numeric results, providing the user with information about the margin to the limit lines. Adjacent channel leakage ratio test of a 10 MHz wide EUTRA signal where the adjacent system is an EUTRA system with 10 MHz bandwidth. The power in the adjacent channels is filtered by an RRC filter. Rohde & Schwarz EUTRA/LTE and LTE- Advanced Signal Analysis 7
Automate your measurements Measurements can be automated using SCPI command structure through a VISA driver. The measurements can be configured and the results can be automatically documented or used for further processing. The VISA interface ensures that the same commands can be used whether R&S FS-K10xPC is installed on a local PC or on the R&S FSW/FSQ/FSG/FSV/FSVR. The same commands can be used throughout development, from the early stages through to integration and verification and even in production lines, which shortens development time. Automate your measurements LAN or IEEE bus PC with FS-K10x as remote controller 00:00:00.012.390 00001 [->LTE_FSW26] CONFigure:PRESet 00:00:00.013.866 00002 [->LTE_FSW26] SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 2GHz 00:00:00.015.891 00003 [->LTE_FSW26] CONFigure:LTE:LDIRection UL 00:00:00.608.023 00004 [->LTE_FSW26] INIT:IMM 00:00:00.611.656 00005 [->LTE_FSW26] *OPC? 00:00:08.047.962 00005 [<-LTE_FSW26] 1 00:00:08.048.961 00006 [->LTE_FSW26] FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHAnnel:AVERage? 00:00:08.094.079 00006 [<-LTE_FSW26] 0.190765 FSW LAN or IEEE bus PC as remote controller 00:00:00.012.390 00001 [->LTE_FSW26] CONFigure:PRESet 00:00:00.013.866 00002 [->LTE_FSW26] SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 2GHz 00:00:00.015.891 00003 [->LTE_FSW26] CONFigure:LTE:LDIRection UL 00:00:00.608.023 00004 [->LTE_FSW26] INIT:IMM 00:00:00.611.656 00005 [->LTE_FSW26] *OPC? 00:00:08.047.962 00005 [<-LTE_FSW26] 1 00:00:08.048.961 00006 [->LTE_FSW26] FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHAnnel:AVERage? 00:00:08.094.079 00006 [<-LTE_FSW26] 0.190765 FSW or FSW with FS-K10x 8
Technologies UMTS long term evolution (LTE) UMTS LTE is to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next ten years and beyond and to provide a lowlatency and packet-optimized system with high data rate. LTE is also known as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (EUTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN). In addition to peak data rates of 100 Mbps in the downlink and 50 Mbps in the uplink, a significant increase in spectrum efficiency and capacity and a significant latency reduction are planned. LTE-Advanced To make LTE a true 4th generation mobile communications technology, it is specified in 3GPP release 10. This ensures that LTE mobile networks employed today provide an evolutionary path for many years of commercial operation. LTE-Advanced will increase peak data rates towards 1 Gbit/s in the downlink and 500 Mbit/s in the uplink. OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiple access is a multiuser version of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation scheme. OFDMA systems use a large number of closely spaced carriers to transmit data. Each carrier transmits at a much lower data rate than the complete system, and is therefore less susceptible to the distortions that may occur in the RF channel. The OFDMA modulation scheme is used in the LTE downlink. SC-FDMA Single-carrier frequency division multiple access is the modulation format used in the uplink. It is closely related to OFDMA but has a lower peak-to-average ratio and has been chosen by the standardization committee because this feature will lead to better efficiency in user equipment. MIMO MIMO is the use of multiple antennas on both the transmitter and receiver to improve communications performance. It offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth or transmit power. MIMO can be subdivided into three main categories: precoding, spatial multiplexing and diversity coding. Rohde & Schwarz EUTRA/LTE and LTE- Advanced Signal Analysis 9
System configuration MIMO measurements For measurements on multiple antenna systems in the downlink, several Rohde & Schwarz analyzers can be combined. For complete signal analysis, the same number of analyzer ports as transmitter ports are needed. This can be achieved by either using one R&S RTO oscilloscope or by using multiple signal analyzers. To perform MIMO measurements, R&S FS-K102PC in the downlink or R&S FS-K103PC in the uplink, option keys are needed. Minimum system requirements for operation on an external PC Windows XP Professional + Service Pack 2 or Windows 7 Professional 512 Mbyte RAM 1 Gbyte free disk space 800 600 pixel graphics resolution GPIB or LAN interface VISA driver One free USB port or one smart card reader Minimum system requirements for operation on Rohde & Schwarz instruments R&S FSG or R&S FSQ: Windows XP embedded Min. 1 Gbyte RAM R&S FSW/FSV or R&S FSVR: Operation possible on all instruments One free USB port Spectrum analyzer configuration for a four-transmitter MIMO system RF FSG/FSQ/FSV/FSVR/FSW LAN or GPIB DUT FSG/FSQ/FSV/FSVR/FSW FSG/FSQ/FSV/FSVR/FSW PC with 1 FS-K100 or 1 FS-K104 and 1 FS-K102 FSG/FSQ/FSV/FSVR/FSW Oscilloscope configuration for a four-transmitter MIMO system RF LAN or GPIB DUT RTO PC with 1 FS-K100 or 1 FS-K104 and 1 FS-K102 10
Ordering information Designation Type Order No. License Dongle (only one dongle per PC required) R&S FSPC 1310.0002.03 EUTRA/LTE Downlink FDD Software (requires license dongle) on R&S FS-K100PC 1309.9916.06 R&S FS-K100/-K101/-K104/-K105 EUTRA/LTE Uplink FDD Software (requires license dongle) on R&S FS-K101PC 1309.9922.06 R&S FS-K100/-K101/-K104/-K105 EUTRA/LTE Downlink MIMO Software (requires R&S FS-K100 or R&S FS-K104) R&S FS-K102PC 1309.9939.06 EUTRA/LTE Downlink MIMO Software (requires R&S FS-K100 or R&S FS-K104) R&S FS-K103PC 1309.9945.06 EUTRA/LTE Downlink TDD Software R&S FS-K104PC 1309.9951.06 EUTRA/LTE Uplink TDD Software R&S FS-K105PC 1309.9968.06 Supported instruments Signal and Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSW 1312.8000.xx 1) Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ 1313.9100.xx 1) Signal and Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSV 1321.3008.xx 1) Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSG 1303.0002.xx 1) Real-time Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSVR 1311.0006.xx 1) Digital Oscilloscope R&S RTO 1316.1000.xx 1) 1) The analyzers and oscillooscopes are available in various models, designated by the last two digits (xx) of the order number. For the R&S FS-K100PC/-K102PC/-K104PC/FSx-K100/-K102/-K104 data sheet, see PD 3606.7318.22. For the R&S FS-K101PC/-K103PC/-K105PC/FSx-K101/-K103/-K105 data sheet, see PD 3606.7347.22 and www.rohde-schwarz.com Your local Rohde & Schwarz expert will help you determine the optimum solution for your requirements. To find your nearest Rohde & Schwarz representative, visit www.sales.rohde-schwarz.com Rohde & Schwarz EUTRA/LTE and LTE- Advanced Signal Analysis 11
Service you can rely on Worldwide Local and personalized Customized and flexible Uncompromising quality Long-term dependability About Rohde & Schwarz Rohde & Schwarz is an independent group of companies specializing in electronics. It is a leading supplier of solutions in the fields of test and measurement, broadcasting, radiomonitoring and radiolocation, as well as secure communications. Established more than 75 years ago, Rohde & Schwarz has a global presence and a dedicated service network in over 70 countries. Company headquarters are in Munich, Germany. Environmental commitment Energy-efficient products Continuous improvement in environmental sustainability ISO 14001-certified environmental management system Certified Quality System ISO 9001 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG www.rohde-schwarz.com Regional contact Europe, Africa, Middle East +49 89 4129 12345 customersupport@rohde-schwarz.com North America 1 888 TEST RSA (1 888 837 87 72) customer.support@rsa.rohde-schwarz.com Latin America +1 410 910 79 88 customersupport.la@rohde-schwarz.com Asia/Pacific +65 65 13 04 88 customersupport.asia@rohde-schwarz.com China +86 800 810 8228/+86 400 650 5896 customersupport.china@rohde-schwarz.com R&S is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners Printed in Germany (as) PD 5214.6280.12 Version 03.00 April 2013 R&S FS-K10xPC Data without tolerance limits is not binding Subject to change 2011-2013 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG 81671 München, Germany 5214628012