NAME: PERIOD: Rubenstein: The Cultural Landscape (12 th edition) Chapter Four Folk and Popular Culture (pages 112 thru 143) This is the primary means by which you will be taking notes this year and they are referred to in the course as Key Issue Questions or Guided Reading Notes. You will be expected to print out these pages from the class webpage and write the answers directly below each question. These notes are to be kept in a 3-ring binder for the entire year and will be the foundation for studying for the individual section reading checks and chapter tests, the Semester Exams, and the AP Exam in May. Key Issue 1: Where Are Folk and Popular Leisure Activities Distributed? INTRODUCING FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.1.1 INTRODUCE CONCEPTS OF FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE. 1. Culture is comprised of three separate aspects that together make up the distinct traditions of a group of people. List these three elements of culture. 2. How is a habit different from a custom? 3. In geographic terms, what is meant by folk culture? 4. In geographic terms, what is meant by popular culture?
5. Landscapes dominated by folk culture change relatively little over time, whereas landscapes dominated by popular culture change quickly and often. Therefore, folk culture is more likely to vary from to at a given time, and popular culture is more likely to vary from to at a given place. 6. What are three problems associated with popular culture becoming more dominant over folk cultures? ORIGIN, DIFFUSION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.1.2 COMPARE PROCESSES OF ORIGIN, DIFFUSION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE. 7. Culture originates at a, a center of innovation. Folk culture often has hearths, originating from sources, at dates, through originators. It may also have. Popular culture is more often identified to a person or corporation in a place. It is most often a product of. 8. What is believed to be the origin of hip hop? (include the when, where, who, and why) 9. Why is it more likely for popular culture (electronics, clothing, music, food items ) to originate in MDCs?
10. What type of diffusion is most associated with the spread of folk culture? 11. What type of diffusion is most associated with the spread of popular culture? 12. What is the main obstacle in the diffusion of or access to popular culture? 13. Isolation is one contributing factor to the development of various folk cultures. In what way is the inhospitable environment of the Himalayans reflected in Buddhist artwork? How is the Hindu artwork different than the Buddhist style from this same region? How is the Muslim artwork different in this same region? d. What is the focus of the artwork from other groups in Southeast Asia, such as the people from Myanmar? GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.1.3 COMPARE PATTERNS AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE. 14. Cultural regions are often, perceived by people to exist as part of their cultural identity. An example would be Seattle, Washington, considered as the birthplace of hipsters and the corresponding lifestyle. 15. From the reading, what are the names of various folk music styles and their locations (hearths) within the U.S.?
ORIGIN AND DIFFUSION OF FOLK AND POPULAR MUSIC LEARNING OUTCOME 4.1.4 COMPARE DIFFERENCES IN GEOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS OF FOLK AND POPULAR MUSIC. 16. Folk songs usually originate and are transmitted. What is the typical source material for folk songs? 17. What is the primary purpose for the creation of popular music? 18. What was the purpose of Tin Pan Alley, in New York City, in the early 1900s? 19. The global diffusion of American popular music can be first traced to what time period? ORIGIN AND DIFFUSION OF FOLK AND POPULAR SPORTS LEARNING OUTCOME 4.1.5 DESCRIBE THE TRANSFORMATION OF SPORTS FROM FOLK TO POPULAR CULTURE. 20., the world s most popular sport, first originated in during the 11 th century. When did it diffuse and transform into a popular culture activity? 21. What allowed soccer, like other types of popular culture, to diffuse on a global scale during the 20 th century? 22. List three examples of other folk sports that have not diffused globally to the extent that soccer has.
Key Issue 2: Where Are Folk and Popular Material Culture Distributed? ELEMENTS OF MATERIAL CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.2.1 INTRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF MATERIAL CULTURE. 23. Material culture includes the three most important necessities of life:,, and. 24. In most instances, folk culture is more likely than popular culture to be influenced by conditions. 25. In geographic terms, what is meant by terroir? 26. What are the environmental factors needed in the growing of grapes for wine production? 27. What are the cultural factors associated with wine production/consumption?
FOLK AND POPULAR CLOTHING LEARNING OUTCOME 4.2.2 COMPARE REASONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF CLOTHING STYLES IN FOLK AND POPULAR CULTURE. 28. What seems to be the most important factor(s) in the design and preference of folk clothing styles? 29. What seems to be the most important factor(s) in the preference of popular clothing styles? FOLK FOOD CUSTOMS LEARNING OUTCOME 4.2.3 UNDERSTAND REASONS FOR FOLK FOOD PREFERENCES AND TABOOS. 30. People adapt their food preferences to conditions in the environment. Give one example from the reading that supports this statement. 31. What are two examples of a food taboo held by a group referenced in the reading? 32. What is the environmental reason why Muslims refrain from eating pork? 33. What is the environmental reason why Hindus refrain from eating cows?
POPULAR FOOD PREFERENCES LEARNING OUTCOME 4.2.4 DESCRIBE REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN POPULAR FOOD PREFERENCES. 34. Popular food preferences are influenced more by than by features. 35. Why is alcohol consumption low in Utah as compared to Nevada? 36. Why might more people in the South eat pork rinds and more people in the North eat popcorn and potato chips? FOLK AND POPULAR HOUSING LEARNING OUTCOME 4.2.5 UNDERSTAND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PATTERNS OF FOLK HOUSING 37. What environmental factors influence the construction of folk housing? 38. What are examples of specific cultural influences on folk housing?
39. According to Geographer Fred Kniffen, what are the three major hearths of folk homes in the U.S.? Key Issue 3: Why Is Access to Folk and Popular Culture Unequal? DIFFUSION OF TV AND INTERNET LEARNING OUTCOME 4.3.1 COMPARE THE DIFFUSION OF TV AND THE INTERNET. 40. Popular culture diffuses around the world today primarily through, but it is not distributed. Access is limited by and in some cases by lack of. 41. Internet service is following the same distribution pattern as for television, but at a much pace. DIFFUSION OF SOCIAL MEDIA LEARNING OUTCOME 4.3.2 COMPARE THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA WITH THAT OF TV AND THE INTERNET. 42. The origin of social media has had a similar pattern to that of both TV and the Internet. However, at this point, it is still dominate in the. CHALLENGES IN ACCESSING ELECTRONIC MEDIA LEARNING OUTCOME 4.3.3 UNDERSTAND THREATS TO FREEDOM OF USE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA. 43. Which nation listed in the reading is the most aggressive at restricting foreign applications, such as Facebook and Twitter? 44. Most television programming today originates in,, and.
45. Some leaders of LDCs see this as a form of and imperialism. Examples of this belief include: 46. What are three types of Internet content censored in other countries? 47. As governments are finding it increasingly more difficult to stop the spread of technology, what are the typical forms of control/restraint/punishment being used instead? 48. According to Freedom on the Net, the three worst offenders are:,, and. The two countries where Internet freedom is declining most in recent years are and. FYI: THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY FOR A COUNTRY TO CONTROL ITS PEOPLE IS TO CONTROL THE FLOW OF INFORMATION.
Key Issue 4: Why Do Folk and Popular Culture Face Sustainability Challenges? SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES FOR FOLK CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.4.1 SUMMARIZE CHALLENGES FOR FOLK CULTURE FROM DIFFUSION OF POPULAR CULTURE. 49. One of the biggest concerns with the loss of folk culture is the fear of the loss of that society s traditional and a dominance of. 50. In geographic terms, what is meant by assimilation? 51. In geographic terms, what is meant by acculturation? 52. The Amish are an example of a cultural group trying to hold on to their traditional ways. What is an example from the reading of a way they are able to retain their distinctive cultural identity while living in a country dominated by popular culture? 53. Contact with popular culture has had a negative impact for women in many LDCs. What is an example from the reading of that supports this statement? 54. Why has the Indian government tried to ban bridal dowries? Give an example from the reading as part of your answer.
SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES FOR POPULAR CULTURE LEARNING OUTCOME 4.4.2 SUMMARIZE TWO PRINCIPAL WAYS THAT POPULAR CULTURE CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT. 55. What are two ways that popular culture/customs can negatively impact environmental quality? 56. In geographic terms, what is meant by a uniform landscape? 57. Why is creating this man-made environment important for promoters of popular culture, such as fast-food restaurants or motel chains? 58. In what way is the building of a golf course an example of a potential negative impact on the environment? 59. Examples are given in the reading of particular animal species negatively affected in the pursuit of popular culture fashion trends. List at least three identified. 60. How is the increased consumption of meat in popular culture adding to the strain placed on the environment?