Contrasting Points of View Activity 1: Warm Up Examining a Visual Text 1 Using the OPTIC strategy below, examine the details of the John William Waterhouse s Ulysses and the Sirens (1891). O is for Overview. Describe the main subject of the painting. O P The scene contains a ship with men rowing through the sea. There is a man tied to the mast of the vessel, and he is surrounded on all sides by birdlike creatures with the heads of women. P is for Parts. What parts, elements or details of the painting seem important? The ship is surrounded on all sides by treacherous-looking rocks. There is sunlight, but it is off in the distance and seems blocked by obstacles. The sirens look very intense. T is for Title. What information does the title add to the painting? T I The title uses Odysseus s Roman name, Ulysses, and suggests that the scene will be simply him and the sirens. I is for Interrelationships. What connections or relationships can be made between the words in the title and the individual parts of the painting? In looking at the scene as a whole, an important part of the painting is the men and their reactions to the sirens. The sirens are closing in on every side, looking intensely at the soldiers as they row. One is even crouched down in a man s face. They look surprised, and one covers his ears while yet another braces his back against the stern of the ship. Odysseus, tied to the mast in the center, gazes on with a dazed look. C is for Conclusion. What conclusion(s) can be drawn about the meaning of the painting as a whole? Summarize the message in one or two sentences. C This painting emphasizes the fact that this scene is not just about Ulysses and the sirens. All of Odysseus s choices and actions have a cumulative impact on his crew. 1 Adapted from Pauk, W. (2000). How to study in college (7th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston.
Activity 2: Generate a list of thematic topics/abstract nouns based on the painting. alienation risk danger seduction temptation responsibility leadership consequences betrayal duty Activity 3: Using the notes that you took in Activity 1, complete the following sentence frames. The sirens can be described as menacing, persistent, and [ADJECTIVE] [ADJECTIVE] terrifying. While the crewmen are trying to avoid the creatures and rowing with all of their might, [ADJECTIVE] [DESCRIBE THE CREW S ACTIONS] Odysseus is calmly listening to their songs. This painting communicates the idea that one person s choices can bring consequences to multiple people. [INSERT THEMATIC STATEMENT] Activity 4: Analyzing the Prompt In Books Nine through Twelve of The Odyssey, Odysseus, the King of Ithaca, recounts his adventures and trials as he and his men attempt to return home after the Trojan War. As his tale unfolds, readers can trace his development as a character. In a well supported response, compare Odysseus s version of events in the traditional epic to Margaret Atwood s modern adaptation of Odysseus s character in her poem Siren Song. In your comparison, consider how each writer depicts Odysseus s character. 1. What is the topic of your essay? The depiction of Odysseus s character 2. What task is the prompt asking you to complete? Compare/contrast the siren episode 3. What elements will you need to consider as you read the texts? diction, details, tone, imagery, syntax, figurative language, point of view
4. What were some of the traditional gender roles of the ancient Greeks and Romans? Complete the graphic organizer below. MEN WOMEN warrior provider protector leader decision-maker hero wife mother keeper of the home domestic manager servant to husband 5. How would a poem written by a feminist poet in the twentieth century shed new light on the character of Odysseus? A feminist poet with a different perspective may not view Odysseus in the traditional sense.
Activity 5: Close Reading Considering Different Points of View Read the excerpts from The Odyssey below. Follow the instructions below as you annotate: 1. For your first reading, define the terms that have been bolded for you. Write a synonym or definition directly above the boxed word. 2. Then, use a handbook of mythological terms or the Internet to look up background information for the shaded term. Write the explanation directly above the term. 3. Finally, use the questions on the right side of the text to guide you as you record your insights and impressions about the text. Excerpt 1: Circe s Instructions, pp. 272 273, lines 36 60 After his sojourn to the Land of the Dead, Odysseus returns to Circe, who gives him advice on how to manage his journey home. Consider her explicit instructions to Odysseus. But Circe sat me down and probed me for details. I told her the whole story, start to finish, 40 then the queenly goddess laid my course: What is Odysseus s next obstacle? He and his men must encounter the sirens, evil creatures who tempt men to their deaths. Your descent to the dead is over, true, but listen closely to what I tell you now and god himself will bring it back to mind. First you will raise the island of the Sirens, captivate those creatures who spellbind any man alive, whoever comes their way. Whoever draws too close, bird creature off guard, and catches the Sirens voices in the air no sailing home for him, no wife rising to meet him, no happy children beaming up at their father s face. hypnotize 50 The high, thrilling song of the Sirens will transfix him, relaxed lolling there in their meadow, round them heaps of corpses, rotting away, rags of skin shriveling on their bones Race straight past that coast! Soften some beeswax Highlight diction that characterizes the Sirens throughout the passage. What is the effect? The words high, thrilling, and lolling suggest that the sirens seem beautiful and casual. The words spellbind, off guard, transfix demonstrate the effect that the sirens have on men. The words heaps of corpses, rotting away, and rags of skin demonstrate the fatal consequences of listening to the sirens song. Underline all of the imperative sentences. What is the effect? Circe is giving strong advice: she tells Odysseus to steer clear of these creatures.
and stop your shipmates ears so none can hear, none of the crew, but if you are bent on hearing, have them tie you hand and foot in the swift ship, erect at the mast block, lashed by ropes to the mast so you can hear the Sirens song to your heart s content. Does Odysseus have to listen to the Sirens song? Explain. Odysseus does not have to listen. Circe says, if you are bent on hearing, which demonstrates that she realizes his stubborn nature. But if you plead, commanding your men to set you free, fasten 60 then they must lash you faster, rope on rope. Excerpt 2: Odysseus s Version, pp.276 277, lines 158 217 Read the excerpt in which Odysseus tells his spellbound audience about his encounter with the Sirens. Consider how his version differs from Circe s instructions. They swung aboard at once, they sat to the oars in ranks and in rhythm churned the water white with stroke on stroke. 160 And Circe the nymph with glossy braids, the awesome one who speaks with human voice, sent us a hardy shipmate, yes, a fresh following wind ruffling up in our wake, ship bellying out our sail to drive our blue prow on as we, securing the running gear from stem to stern, sat back while the wind and helmsman kept her true on course. At last, and sore at heart, I told my shipmates, Identify the two epithets in the first paragraph. the nymph with glossy braids the awesome one What kind of mood is set in this first paragraph? energetic focused Friends it s wrong for only one or two to know the revelations that lovely Circe made to me alone. I ll tell you all,
170 so we can die with our eyes wide open now or escape our fate and certain death together. First, she warns, we must steer clear of the Sirens, their enchanting song, their meadow starred with flowers. I alone was to hear their voices, so she said, but you must bind me with tight chafing ropes so I cannot move a muscle, bound to the spot, erect at the mast block, lashed by ropes to the mast. And if I plead, commanding you to set me free, then lash me faster, rope on pressing rope. 180 So I informed my shipmates point by point, all the while our trim ship was speeding toward the Sirens island, driven on by the brisk wind. How is Odysseus s version the same as Circe s instructions? Different? Same Warns of sirens Warns of song Different I alone was to hear their song. What patterns of diction do you notice in this excerpt? What is the effect? The following words create a dramatic effect: enchanting starred brisk But then the wind fell in an instant, all glazed to a dead calm hauling a mysterious power hushed the heaving swells. The oarsmen leapt to their feet, struck the sail stowed it deep in the hold and sat to the oarlocks, beating thrashing with polished oars, frothing the water white. large Now with a sharp sword I sliced an ample wheel of beeswax 190 down into pieces, kneaded them in my two strong hands What kind of mood is set in this paragraph? The mood shifts suddenly to a mysterious and ominous one. Mark the diction that Odysseus uses to describe his actions. What is the effect? The word choice that Odysseus employs to share his version of the story is very intense. He makes himself sound strong, capable, and heroic.
and the wax soon grew soft, worked by my strength the sun god and Helios burning rays, the sun at high noon, and I stopped the ears of my comrades one by one. They bound me hand and foot in the tight ship lashed by ropes to the mast and rowed and churned the whitecaps stroke on stroke. We were just offshore as far as a man s shout can carry, skimming scudding close, when the Sirens sensed at once a ship was racing past and burst into their high, thrilling song: Greece s 200 Come closer, famous Odysseus A chaea s p ride and glory moor your ship on our coast so you can hear our song! Never has any sailor passed our shores in his black craft until he has heard the honeyed voices pouring from our lips, and once he hears to his heart s content sails on, a wiser man. the Greeks We know all the pains that Achaeans once endured site of Trojan War on the spreading plain of Troy when the gods willed it so all that comes to pass on the fertile earth, we know it all! tantalizing So they sent their ravishing voices out across the air and the heart inside me throbbed to listen longer. 210 I signaled the crew with frowns to set me free they flung themselves at the oars and rowed on harder, Annotate the Sirens song carefully for diction and tone. The sirens appeal to Odysseus s pride: they call him Achaea s pride and glory. They beg him to come listen and then promise that he will be wiser for having listened. They try to sympathize with him, saying that they realize all he s been through--they even blame his problems on the gods. What is your impression of Odysseus in this episode? Answers will vary, but many students will point out his pride and arrogance. Perimedes and Eurylochus springing up at once to bind me faster with rope on chafing rope.
But once we d left the Sirens fading in our wake, once we could hear their song no more, their urgent call my steadfast crew was quick to remove the wax I d used What is Odysseus s tone in this excerpt? self-assured obnoxious glory-seeking to seal their ears and loosed the bonds that lashed me.
Activity 6: Reading a Modern Versions Siren Song by Margaret Atwood Using the TP CASTT strategy below, analyze the poem Siren Song by Margaret Atwood. T itle P araphrase Description Consider the title and make a prediction about what the poem is about. Put the poem into your own words. Make sure you tell what is happening at the beginning, middle, and end. Tell what is really happening, not what the poet is figuratively saying. Notes The title suggests that this will be a poem about the song that the siren creatures sing. According to the narrator (presumably a siren), everyone wants to hear the sirens song even though it is deadly and has cost many men their lives. The narrator then addresses the reader, asking him/her for help and appealing to the reader s sense of pride. The narrator admits that she doesn t like her role as a terrifying man-killer and tries to distance herself from the other two sirens. The narrator finishes the poem by luring the reader closer and closer until she reveals that the reader has fallen for her trick.. C onnotation Look at the poem beyond the actual events. Look for figurative language, imagery, etc. death skulls dead fatal cry Negative Diction Sarcastic/ Silly Diction squatting maniacs boring Words That Appeal to Reader nobody knows you only to you unique help A ttitude (Tone) S hifts What is the speaker s tone? Is there more than one attitude or tone in different parts of the poem? Are there any changes in the speaker or attitude? Look for key words, time change, punctuation. The speaker s attitude is bored, casual, and nonchalant. In stanzas 1-2, the narrator uses third person. In stanza 3, she shifts to first person and employs second person pronouns (you) to appeal to the reader. After the trick, she shifts back to third person.
T itle again T heme Look at the title again. Why is the title important to the poem? What is the theme about? What is the poet saying about the subject? What message is the poet trying to send? The title Siren Song actually describes what the poem contains: the siren s song. As readers, we get the idea that the siren s song is actually whatever the reader really wants to hear about himself, and that is why the sirens are so effective. Possible themes: Flattery is dangerous. Temptation can bring about the fall of a person. It is important to think before you act.