Preparing Bibliographies to Attach to All Assignments Source: Bibliographies, 2005, Researching Together [CD-ROM]. SLAV, Bendigo,Victoria. Photocopied templates are available in both libraries for students to attach to their finished research work. Three different sheets are available for students in Yrs 3-6, 7-9 and 10-12. See librarian for further details if needed. A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all the sources you have consulted for an essay or research assignment. You must list your sources in a specific format. The Harvard system uses in-text referencing instead of footnotes. Use the following system to set up your bibliography and in-text referencing using the Harvard system. CD Roms The basic arrangement for entries is: Name of CD ROM, computer package used, (date of publication), creator or publisher: city of publication. Adobe PageMaker for Windows, CD ROM, (1995) Adobe Press: Indianapolis.
Internet When material found online is obviously pre-published, that is, it is clearly referenced as an extract or a complete version of a printed work (book, article, paper etc.), then a distinction should be made between this pre-published material and material created for the purposes of publication on the Internet site. Suggested format for references to material created for publication on the Internet site: author, (date of creation or last update), title of site, page number (if given), agency that mantains the site, <Internet address> (date site accessed). Note: To find when the site was last updated go to View > Document Info. Example for material created for publication on the Internet site: NASA Volcanology Team (1997) What Volcanic Phenomena do we Study Using Remote Sensing, <http://www.geo.edu/eos/phenom.html> (Accessed on 11 October 1999) Suggested format for references to pre-published material found on the Internet site: author, (year of publication) (if given) title of work (book (in italics) article, paper etc.), publisher, online (write the word), page number of site (if given), <Internet address> (date site accessed). Example for pre-published material on the Internet site: Triall, J.T. (1993) Trials and Tribulation, Coventry Press, online, <http://www. uts.edu/uap/trial.htm> (Accessed on 26 June 1999)
Email/Listservs/Newsgroups Personal e-mail Basic form: Sender (Sender's E-mail address). (Date sent) Subject of message, Email to recipient (Recipient's E- mail address) Day, Martha (MDAY@sage.uvm.edu) (July 30 1995) Review of Film, E-mail to Xia Li (XLI@moose.uvm.edu). Listservs/Newslists Nathalia Secondary College (28 May 1996) 2nd Rap Points for LMT (Lmt@qut.edu.au) Books Basic form: Author (date) Title, Publisher: Place of Publication. Allport, John (1995) The Nature of Politics, Doubleday Anchor: New York. two authors Basic form: Authors (date) Title, Publisher: Place of Publication. Stevenson, G.W. & Tytgat, G.N.J. (1992) Diagnostic Imaging of AIDS, Thieme Medical Publishers: New York. more than two authors Basic form: Authors (date) Title, Publisher: Place of Publication. Hay, I., Bochner,D., et. al. (1996) AIDS and HIV Testing, Someday Press: Sydney. book, no author
Basic form: Title, (date) Publisher: Place of Publication. Counselling Guidelines for HIV Testing (1995) Canadian Medical Association: Ottawa. book, no author, edited Basic form: Editor Title, (date) Publisher: Place of Publication. Jones, C.M. (ed.) HIV in America (1993) Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA. Magazines Basic form: Author's name (Publication date) Title of the article in Title of the journal, Volume number (Issue number) Month or season of publication if provided, Page number/s. Nix, J.P. (1995) Bibliography of Farm Management in Journal of the Farm Management Association, 1 (6) Winter, pp. 1-56. Newspapers Articles Newspaper Clippings: Basic form: Author's name (if available) (Year) Headline in Publication, Publication date, page number/s. Gratten, M. (1987) Hawke's Demise in The Age, 13th August, p.14. Diagrams There are 2 ways to cite diagrams:
1. If the diagram is attributed to an author and has a title: Nix, J.P. Southern Blotting in Walters, F.T. (1995) Bibliography of Genetic Techniques, Argus Books: New York. 2. If the diagram does not have a title and author beneath it, cite the reference as a book. Government Publications One of the major problems of citation and quotation arises from the variety of official, semi-government agencies. Give the name of the Ministry or agency issuing the publication or report to assist identification. Ministry of Transport (1987) Rural Bus Services: Report of the Committee, London. Pamphlets Many organisations and governments distribute information to the public. Such publications rarely show the authors or date of publication. When referencing, show the organisation as the author, the approximate date if the exact date is not shown, the title, the organisation as the publisher and the location of the publisher. Capricornia Electricity (1995) Water Heating, Capricornia Electricity: Rockhampton. Non-print media Video
For many television documentaries, video cassettes or audio cassettes, there will be no clear author. In such cases give: Title (format) (date), Producer, Production Company: Place. Videorecording My Life with Willow (video recording) (1990) Producer Helen Dimedenko, Richie Video: New South Wales. Television Programs For a program series on television, the series is shown within single quotation marks. Where programs in the series have individual titles, show individual titles as sub-titles to the series title. For individual programs not part of a series, the title is shown with no quotation marks, maximal capitalisation and in italic. The year of production shows when the program was originally produced. This may be difficult to obtain for television programs, especially when they are repeated. In such cases, place (n.d.) in the year of publication. Television program (series) Bronowski, J. (n.d.), 'The Ascent of Man: The Music of the Spheres', ABC TV, Broadcast on 13 June 1996, British Broadcasting Commission: London. Audio cassettes /CD author Waits, Tom (1985) Blue Valentine (audiotape) Asylum Records: Oakland California. In - text Reference
All statements, opinions, conclusions etc. taken from another writer's work should be acknowledged, whether the work is directly quoted, paraphrased or summarised. In the Harvard system, cited publications are referred to in the text by giving the author's surname and the year of the publication in the following forms: No author One author One author, more than one quoted document Two authors More than two authors When to include page numbers in in-text referencing Corporate authors Lengthy quotations Internet No author When a work has no author or the author is anonymous, cite in-text the first few words of the bibliography entry (usually the title) and the year. This apparently was not the case in seventeenth century England (On Travelling to London, 1683) One author If the author's name occurs naturally in the sentence the year is given in parenthesis: In a recent study Harvey (1996) argued that...
If, however, the author's name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both the name and the year are given in parenthesis: A recent study (Harvey, 1996) shows that... One author, more than one quoted document When the author has published more than one cited document in the same year, these are distinguished by adding the lower case letters (a,b,c, etc) after the year and within the parenthesis. As it appears in the lsit of references: Johnson (1995a) discussed the subject... Two authors If there are two authors, the surnames of both should be given: Mathews and Jones (1995) have proposed that... More than two authors If there are more than two authors the surname of the first author only should be given, followed by et.al.
Wilson et. al. (1997)conclude that... It has been concluded along these lines (Bennett et al., 1996). When to include page numbers in in-text referencing Page numbers are necessary when you quote directly or paraphrase particular passages, lists or figures. Pagination, where necessary, follows year, separated by a colon (or a comma). Example : One author, one page. Smith (1992: 45) has argued 'the relative seriousness of two kinds of errors differs from situation to situation.' or Smith (1992: p.45) has argued 'the relative seriousness of two kinds of errors differs from situation to situation.' It has been argued that the two kinds of errors differ from situation to situation (Smith, 1992: 45). or: One author, more than one page. It was contended that the psychological basis of these investigations happened over many years (Williams 1997: 45-6). It was contended that the psychological basis of these investigations happened over many years (Williams, 1997: pp.45-6). Corporate authors
The names of corporate authors are spelt out each time they appear in the in-text reference. Some corporate authors are, however, commonly known by an acronym or abbreviation. In this case spell out the corporate author in full in the first reference, and abbreviate the name in subsequent references. first in-text reference (Department of Employment, Educationand Training [DEET] 1995) Subsequent in-text references (DEET, 1995) Lengthy Quotations If the quotation is longer than 30 words, start a new paragraph and indent the quotation about 1.25cm from both the defined left and right text margins. Because you have indented the quotation, do not use quotation marks. You can include the reference within the sentence preceding the quoted material or immediately following the quoted material Jones, Trumper and Baldwin (1996: p.35) acknowledge these ideas by stating: Many of us are laden with a heavy and unnecessary load, which we lug about grimly from day to day. This burden is just labelled 'past resentments', and is a collection of bitter thoughts about how we've been mistreated by our parents, friends and teachers. or Many of us are laden with a heavy and unnecessary load, which we lug about grimly from day to day. This burden is just labelled "past resentments", and is a collection of bitter thoughts about how we've been mistreated by our parents, friends and teachers. (Jones, Trumper and Baldwin 1996: p.35)
Internet: In-text In referencing Internet sources using the Harvard method the in-text reference is given in brackets immediately after the quote stating: (Author s surname, date of publication ( to find this information go to View -> Document Info.) page number(s) if given) (Jakubans,Thursday 27th October 1998) Sample Bibliography / Reference List (always alphabetical) Adobe PageMaker for Windows, CD ROM, (1995) Adobe Press: Indianapolis. Allport, John (1995) The Nature of Politics, Doubleday Anchor: New York. Bronowski, J. (n.d.), 'The Ascent of Man: The Music of the Spheres', ABC TV, Broadcast on 13 June 1996, British Broadcasting Commission: London. Day, Martha (MDAY@sage.uvm.edu) (July 30 1995) Review of Film, E-mail to Xia Li (XLI@moose.uvm.edu). Gratten, M. (1987) Hawke's Demise in The Age, 13th August, p.14. Hay,I., Bochner,D., et. al. (1996) AIDS and HIV Testing, Someday Press: Sydney. Jones, C.M. (ed.) HIV in America (1993) Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA. Ministry of Transport (1987) Rural Bus Services: Report of the Committee, London.
Knowledge Sharing: Library Essentials: Research Skills: Writing Bibliographies My Life with Willow (video recording) (1990) Producer Helen Dimedenko, Richie Video: New South Wales. NASA Volcanology Team (1997) What Volcanic Phenomena do we Study Using Remote Sensing, <http://www.geo.edu/eos/phenom.html> (Accessed on 11th October 1999) Nix, J.P. (1995) Bibliography of Farm Management in Journal of the Farm Management Association, 1 (6) Winter, pp. 1-56. Triall, J.T. (1993) Trials and Tribulation, Coventry Press, online, <http://www. uts.edu/uap/trial.htm> (Accessed on 26 June 1999) Stevenson, G.W. & Tytgat, G.N.J. (1992) Diagnostic Imaging of AIDS, Thieme Medical Publishers: New York. Waits, Tom (1985) Blue Valentine (audiotape) Asylum Records: Oakland California.