Stable Electron Beams by Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) and the ImPACT Program in JAPAN

Stable Electron Beams by Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) and the ImPACT Program in JAPAN Tomonao HOSOKAI > Stratagy Management and Support Office, Graduated School of Engineering, Osaka University > Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University ( ImPACT-UPL, Project-1 LWFA R&D Team PI ) Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University IPAC17@Cope hagen 15-19 May 2017

ImPACT - UPL (Ubiquitous Power Laser) Ubiquitous Power Laser for achieving a safe, secure and longevity society PM: Yuji Sano JST, TOSHIBA Corp! Project 1: LWFA (Laser! In 2014, the cabinet office of the Japanese government wakefield acceleration) of launched the ImPACT program for promoting innovative and electrons and XFEL high-impact R&Ds. demonstration! A five-year foundation until JFY2018! Project 2: Development! of Total ultra-compact budget 55 optical billion JPY ($480M) pulse lasers for industry! 16 programs are running Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons Handheld laser Ultra-compact XFEL Tabletop laser Yuji SANO Annual MT Meeting@KIT Karlsruhe University 10 Mar. 2016

ImPACT - UPL (Ubiquitous Power Laser) Ubiquitous Power Laser for achieving a safe, secure and longevity society PM: Yuji Sano JST, TOSHIBA Corp! Project 1: LWFA (Laser wakefield acceleration) of electrons and XFEL demonstration Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons Ultra-compact XFEL! Project 2: Development of ultra-compact optical pulse lasers for industry Handheld laser Tabletop laser Yuji SANO Annual MT Meeting@KIT Karlsruhe University 10 Mar. 2016

Project1: Overall Configuration @ LWFA Platform Project 1B: Integrated platform for laser acceleration Issue: Multi-stage acceleration and generation of 1 kev X-ray beam by a Repeatable with staging LWFA scheme. microundulatorgev-class with a lengthaccelerator of 10 m or less/platform development Criteria Acc.length < 10cm Energy Gain >1GeV, Energy Spread <1%, beam divergence <1 mm-mrad Pulse duration ~10fs, Repeatable PM: Yuji Sano JST, TOSHIBA Corp. 1B: Integrated platform laser acceleration t 1B:Project Integrated platform forforlaser acceleration Issue: Multi-stage acceleration and generation 1 kevx-ray X-ray beam by by a a Multi-stage acceleration and generation of of 1 kev beam microundulator with a length of 10 m or less/platform development ndulator with a length of 10 m or less/platform development Sub-PW Laser X-ray beam (1 kev) Electron beam (> 1 GeV) Plasma devices Microundulator Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University Project 1A: Laser acceleration Project 1A:technologies Laser acceleration elemental Issue: Electron acceleration exceeding 1 GeV elemental technologies and modularize it as a plasma device Project 1D: Beam measurement and Project 1D: Beam control Issue: Control ofcontrol laser and electrons, and injection of electron to undulator Issue: Electron acceleration exceeding 1 GeV and modularize it as a plasma device Project 3J: XFEL demonstration assessment Project 3 measurement and of laser acceleration Issue: User demonstrations XFEL. assessm Issue: Control of laser and electrons, and injection of electron to undulator Project 1C: Microundulator Issue: Ultra-compact undulatory generating 1 kev X-ray beam Issue: Use acceleratio Project 3L: Evaluation of Microundulator

PROJECT 1A Issue: Multi-stage acceleration and generation of 1 kev X-ray beam microundulator with a length of 10 m or less/platform developmen ImPACT LWFA Research Team @ PhoPs, Osaka Univ. T. HOSOKAI1, 2, T. OTSUKA2, J. OGINO2, N. PATHAK2, Laser Acc. Group A. ZHIDKOV2, S. MASUDA2, Y. SAKAI2, H. NAKAMURA1, K. SUEDA2, Z. JIN2, M. YANO1 (D1), A. UENO1 (M2), H. TORAN1 (M1) 1A 1A 1B 1B 1A 1A 1A Collaborators M. KANDO 1B Project 1A: Laser acceleration elemental technologies Project 1D: Beam S. YAMAMOTO Issue: Electron acceleration exceeding 1 GeV and modularize it as a plasma device 1 Graduate Osaka University 2 Photon School of Eng., Osaka University control Issue: Control of laser injection of electron to M. YABASHI Project 1E: Plasma device power source Pioneers Center, Osaka University Issue: Acceleration to over 1 GeV of the 10-100 MeV electron beam using plasma technologies Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University

Laser Wake-field Acceleration (LWFA) Laser Gas-Jet Electron Injection Electron density Wake-fields e-beam e-injection Acceleration Plasma wave; buckets Electric field Laser Pulse Nozzle Potential of LWFA Ultra-high gradient >100 GV/m high- Charge > nc/pulse A.Zhidkov, et al Ultra-short pulse< few fs small divergence < 0.1 mrad

Field Staging LWFA Gas-jet ΔE/E < 10-3 Laser Pulse 1 Laser Pulse 2 Electron Injection Boosting Laser Wakefields Laser Pulse 1 e-beams Laser Pulse 2 Supersonic Nozzle ~ 4 mm 1 0.5 0-0.5 Diverge Er Ez Decc. Acceleration Phase Focusing Phase -1 0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π Phase [rad] Acc. Converge The phase to Speed of Light

PROJECT 1A Laser Facility @ PhoPs (Osaka University Campus) 40 TW- 30 fs x Twin Beams Ti: Sapphire Laser System LAser-driven Linear Accelerator for High-energy ; LALAH Few-Cycle Laser System Pulse Compressor Final Amp x 2 Front-end fs- Pr 40TW BF A obe B ea Laser Beam m x2 1F La ser R oom ccel e r a to r Ro om Solid Target Chamber THz Application Chamber Booster Chamber Injector, UED Chamber

Repeatable LWFA (Stable Injector) 2. Plasma micro-optics (PMO) Y.Mizuta,etal, Phys.Rev.ST, 15, 121301 (2012) PMO Short Focus OAP F # ~ 3, I~10 19 W/cm 2 e-bunch Gas-jet with external B-fields T.Hosokai,et al.,phys Rev.Lett. 97, 075004 (2006 ) T.Hosokai, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96,121501 (2010) Contrast 1 ~10-5~-6 ~10-6~-7 Compression leakage ASE ~ few ns ~few ps 1.0mm Main Pulse ~tens fs t Electron Density [cm -3 ] x10 19 10 1 10-1 10-2 100-50 0 50 100 Position R [µm] Laser

Typical e-beam Profile w/o PMO Gasjet target He 3MPa Nozzle type 1.2mm(laser axis) x 4mm Laser pulse Energy 600mJ Pulse duration 25fs Detector size: Φ13cm (746pixel)

Plasma Micro- Optics Key techniques for stable/repeatable beam generation P < Pcritical Pulse width ~ 300 fs Typical contrast ~10-3 @4ps, ~10-6 @ns Peak power ~ <10 16 Wcm -2 Ptotal~ 10GW ( < Pcritical) Ar gas-jet: N~2x10 19 cm -2 F # ~6 10 Pulse width ~ 300 fs Typical contrast ~10-3 @4ps, ~10-5 @ns Peak power ~ <10 16 Wcm -2 Ptotal~ 10GW ( < Pcritical) Ar gas-jet: N~2x10 19 cm -2 x10 19 F # ~6 ps Laser pulse Gas boundary Gas boundary Electron Density [cm -3 ] 1 10-1 10-2 100-50 0 50 100 Position R [µm] Y.Mizuta,etal, Phys.Rev.ST, 15, 121301 (2012)

B~0.2T, Energy 300mJ Typical e-beam Profile with PMO 1 PMO provides well-collimated beam! Gasjet target He 3MPa Nozzle type 1.2mm(laser axis) x 4mm Magnet 0.2 T Ring type Laser pulse Energy 300mJ Pulse duration 25fs Beam Size: ~ 3.3 mm FWHM @ 30cm from gasjet target

B~0.2T, Energy 300mJ 2

Steering of e-beams using PMO Key technique for staging LWFA 5 # 200μm% 0 Short Focus OAP F # ~ 3, I~10 19 W/cm 2 B=0.2T# B=0.2T% Thomson Scattering Images of Laser lights Pitch electron beams Supersonic Gas-jet + PMO Yaw Y.Mizuta,et al, Phys.Rev.ST, 15, 121301 (2012) N.Nakanii,et al, Phys.Rev.ST, 18, 021303(2015)

Rotation counterclockwise 3 PMO allows us to steer e-beams as we wish!

Injector-Booster Scheme of LWFA (2-beam-driven staging LWFA) Long-focus OAP for Booster Gasjet Short-focus OAP for Injector Short-focus OAP with hole e-bunch Stepped gas-jet target with external magnetic field

Towards GeV-class Acceleration; Staging Acc. with Longer & Low-density Channel Injected e-beam before Booster Short Focus OAP F # ~ 3, I~10 19 W/cm 2 Focusing Optics for e-beam Supersonic Gas-jet Pulse-driven Solenoid Long Focus OAP F # ~ 20-40, I~10 18 W/cm 2

Preformed Plasma Chanel for Booster produced by Z-pinch Discharge (under development) Long Focus O F # ~ 20-40, I~10 Time[ns] Streak Image of guiding channel formation Images of guided Laser Intense Pulse T. Hosokai, et. al, Opt. Lett., 25, 1 (2000)

Preformed Plasma Chanel for Booster produced by Z-pinch Discharge (under development) Laser Pulse Long Focus O F # ~ 20-40, I~10 GeV class e- beam > 100 MeV e- beam Time[ns] 5 cm Streak Image of guiding channel formation Images of guided Laser Intense Pulse T. Hosokai, et. al, Opt. Lett., 25, 1 (2000)

Staging Acc. with Discharge Plasma Channels (under development) 1.5 ~ 2 m Multi- GeV class e- beam 3rd QME beam ~ 100MeV 2nd 1st

Towards Laser-driven XFEL F O e High Voltage Long Focu F # ~ 20-40,

Towards Laser-driven XFEL F O e noitazitengam ni tnemevorpmi.4 HE93-XMN Gk21= rb eok52=chi nrettap dleif hguorht nees citengam a teehs diulf stengam B-eF-dN )detaoc NiT( gno3.l Field mmmeasurement 001 & characterization Measurement @ fixed gap=1.6mm High Voltage Long Focu F#~ 20-40, gnol mm051 Hall probe ~1.3mm thick with 0.05 x 0.05 mm2 resolution Gap > 1.6mm 17

Towards Laser-driven XFEL F O e noitazitengam ni tnemevorpmi.4 HE93-XMN Gk21= rb eok52=chi stengam B-eF-dN )detaoc NiT( nrettap dleif hguorht nees citengam a teehs diulf gno3.l Field mmmeasurement 001 & characterization Measurement @ fixed gap=1.6mm High Voltage TUPAB061 (POSTER) Long Focu F#~ 20-40, gnol mm051 Shigeru YAMAMOTO, Development of a Novel Undulator Having Very Short Period Lengths Hall probe ~1.3mm thick with 0.05 x 0.05 mm2 resolution Gap > 1.6mm 17

LWFA Platform @ SACLA (SP-8 Campus) under ImPACT-UPL Program 30 µj at 100 Hz 3 mj at 100 Hz 25 mj at 10 Hz 200 mj 100 mj 350 mj at 10 Hz at 10 Hz at 10 Hz Installation has started from April 2017 1 J at 10 Hz, 20 fs 2 J at 5 Hz, 50 fs 10 J at 0.1 Hz, 100 fs Injector Phase rotator Booster 1 st! Laser 2 nd Laser 3 rd Laser E ~ a few - 10s MeV! ΔE/E = 10 ~ 100%! E ~ 10s MeV! ΔE/E < 1 %! E > 1 GeV! ΔE/E ~ 1 %!

LWFA Platform @ SACLA (SP-8 Campus) under ImPACT-UPL Program 30 µj at 100 Hz 3 mj at 100 Hz 25 mj at 10 Hz 200 mj 100 mj 350 mj at 10 Hz at 10 Hz at 10 Hz Installation has started from April 2017 1 J at 10 Hz, 20 fs 2 J at 5 Hz, 50 fs 10 J at 0.1 Hz, 100 fs Injector Phase rotator Booster 1 st! Laser Accelerator 2 nd Laser Tunnel (SCSS) 3 rd Laser @ SPring8 E ~ a few - 10s MeV! ΔE/E = 10 ~ 100%! April, 2016 E ~ 10s MeV! ΔE/E < 1 %! E > 1 GeV! ΔE/E ~ 1 %!

LWFA Platform @ SACLA (SP-8 Campus) under ImPACT-UPL Program 30 µj at 100 Hz Clean Room @SCSS Tunnel May 2017 3 mj at 100 Hz 25 mj at 10 Hz 200 mj 100 mj 350 mj at 10 Hz at 10 Hz at 10 Hz Installation has started from April 2017 1 J at 10 Hz, 20 fs 2 J at 5 Hz, 50 fs 10 J at 0.1 Hz, 100 fs Injector Phase rotator Booster 1 st! Clean Laser Accelerator Room in 2 the nd Laser Tunnel Accelerator (SCSS) 3 rd Laser Tunnel @ SPring8 (SCSS) @ SPring8 April, April 2016 2016 E ~ a few - 10s MeV! ΔE/E = 10 ~ 100%! E ~ 10s MeV! ΔE/E < 1 %! E > 1 GeV! ΔE/E ~ 1 %!

LWFA Platform @ SACLA (SP-8 Campus) under ImPACT-UPL Program Ti:Sa ultrafast oscillator Booster XPW 30 mj at 527 nm Stretcher + AOPDF 30 µj at 100 Hz Clean Room @SCSS Tunnel Regenerative ampliﬁer + AOPGCF + May 201730 mj at 527 nm Installation has started SPring-8 from April 2017 multi-pass ampliﬁer 3 mj at 100 Hz MP0 ampliﬁer 125 mj at 532 nm ~8GeV 25 mj at 10 Hz XFEL SACLA MP1 ampliﬁer 2.5 J at 532 nm 200 mj ~ 8GeV at 10 Hz MP2 ampliﬁer 100 mj at 10 Hz MP3 ampliﬁer Compressor1 Compressor2 2 x 2.5 J at 532 nm 2 x 4 J at 532 nm Platform Injector 2 x 20 J at 527 nm Compressor3 2 J at 5 Hz, 50LWFA fs 1 J at 10 Hz, 20 fs 350 mj at 10 Hz TWIN ampliﬁer Phase rotator 10 J at 0.1 Hz, 100 fs Booster st 1! 2 the LaserTunnel CleanLaser Room in Accelerator Tunnel (SCSS) @ SPring8 3 Laser Accelerator (SCSS) @ SPring8 April 2016 April, 2016 nd E ~ a few - 10s MeV! ΔE/E = 10 ~ 100%! rd E ~ 10s MeV! ΔE/E < 1 %! E > 1 GeV! ΔE/E ~ 1 %!

Summary LWFA R&D program aiming for laser-driven tabletop XFEL(ImPACT-UPL) is on going, and LWFA platform is under constraction at SP-8 Campus in Japan. Staging LWFA (Injector-booster scheme) has been demonstrated. We believe this technique can be scalable to GeV class accelerators. Chanel guide LWFA with Preformed (discharge) plasmas has started. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Research is supported by ImPACT R&D Program (Impulsing Paradigm Change through disruptive Technologies) promoted by the cabinet office of Japanese Government,and also supported by HERMES project (High Energy density Revolution of Matter in Extreme States).

ImPACT Sano PM: Yuji Sano JST, TOSHIBA Corp