Arizona Legal Research

Arizona Legal Research

Carolina Academic Press Legal Research Series Suzanne E. Rowe, Series Editor Tenielle Fordyce-Ruff, Associate Series Editor Arizona, Third Edition Tamara S. Herrera Arkansas, Second Edition Coleen M. Barger, Cheryl L. Reinhart & Cathy L. Underwood California, Third Edition Aimee Dudovitz, Hether C. Macfarlane, & Suzanne E. Rowe Colorado Robert Michael Linz Connecticut Jessica G. Hynes Federal, Second Edition Mary Garvey Algero, Spencer L. Simons, Suzanne E. Rowe, Scott Childs & Sarah E. Ricks Florida, Fourth Edition Barbara J. Busharis, Jennifer LaVia & Suzanne E. Rowe Georgia Nancy P. Johnson, Elizabeth G. Adelman & Nancy J. Adams Idaho, Second Edition Tenielle Fordyce-Ruff & Kristina J. Running Illinois, Second Edition Mark E. Wojcik Iowa, Second Edition John D. Edwards, Karen L. Wallace & Melissa H. Weresh Kansas Joseph A. Custer & Christopher L. Steadham Kentucky William A. Hilyerd, Kurt X. Metzmeier & David J. Ensign Louisiana, Second Edition Mary Garvey Algero Massachusetts, Second Edition E. Joan Blum & Shaun B. Spencer Michigan, Third Edition Pamela Lysaght & Cristina D. Lockwood Minnesota Suzanne Thorpe Mississippi Kristy L. Gilliland Missouri, Third Edition Wanda M. Temm & Julie M. Cheslik New York, Third Edition Elizabeth G. Adelman, Theodora Belniak Courtney L. Selby & Brian Detweiler North Carolina, Second Edition Scott Childs & Sara Sampson North Dakota Anne Mullins & Tammy Pettinato Ohio, Second Edition Sara Sampson, Katherine L. Hall & Carolyn Broering-Jacobs Oklahoma Darin K. Fox, Darla W. Jackson & Courtney L. Selby Oregon, Third Edition Revised Printing Suzanne E. Rowe Pennsylvania, Second Edition Barbara J. Busharis & Bonny L. Tavares Tennessee, Second Edition Scott Childs, Sibyl Marshall & Carol McCrehan Parker Texas, Second Edition Spencer L. Simons Washington, Second Edition Julie Heintz-Cho, Tom Cobb & Mary A. Hotchkiss West Virginia Hollee Schwartz Temple Wisconsin Patricia Cervenka & Leslie Behroozi Wyoming, Second Edition Debora A. Person & Tawnya K. Plumb

Arizona Legal Research Third Edition Tamara S. Herrera Sandra Day O Connor College of Law Arizona State University Suzanne E. Rowe, Series Editor Tenielle Fordyce-Ruff, Associate Series Editor Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina

Copyright 2017 Tamara S. Herrera All Rights Reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Herrera, Tamara S., author. Title: Arizona legal research / Tamara S. Herrera. Description: Third edition. Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, LLC, [2017] Series: Legal research series Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017021731 ISBN 9781531006846 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Legal research--arizona. Classification: LCC KFA2475.H47 2017 DDC 340.072/0791--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017021731 eisbn 978-1-53100-685-3 Carolina Academic Press, LLC 700 Kent Street Durham, North Carolina 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668 www.cap-press.com Printed in the United States of America.

Summary of Contents Contents List of Tables and Appendix Images Series Note Preface and Acknowledgments vii xiii xvii xix Chapter 1 The Research Process 3 Chapter 2 Researching Secondary Authority 19 Chapter 3 Researching Constitutions 29 Chapter 4 Researching Statutes and Court Rules 35 Chapter 5 Researching Legislative History 47 Chapter 6 Finding Cases in Reporters and Online 57 Chapter 7 Researching Cases in Digests and Online 69 Chapter 8 Researching Administrative Law 83 Chapter 9 Researching Arizona Tribal Law 91 Chapter 10 Updating Research 97 Appendix A Legal Citation 111 Appendix B Glossary of Legal Research Terms 125 About the Author 131 Index 133 v

List of Tables and Appendix Images Series Note Preface and Acknowledgments Contents xiii xvii Chapter 1 The Research Process 3 I. Arizona Legal Research 3 II. The Intersection of Legal Research and Legal Analysis 3 III. Types of Legal Authority 4 IV. Court Systems 5 A. Arizona Courts 5 B. Federal Courts 6 C. Courts of Other States 7 V. Overview of the Research Process 8 A. Generating Research Terms 8 B. Selecting Print or Electronic Media 10 C. Selecting Specific Electronic Media 11 D. Composing a Word Search for the Pay Research Databases 12 1. Bloomberg Law 13 2. Lexis Advance and Westlaw 14 E. Choosing a Starting Point for Research 16 F. Other Helpful Hints 17 G. Researching the Law Organization of This Text 17 H. Rules Governing Attorney Conduct 18 Chapter 2 Researching Secondary Authority 19 I. Arizona Secondary Sources and Practice Aids 19 A. Continuing Legal Education Materials and Handbooks 20 B. Jury Instructions 20 C. Legal Forms 20 II. Encyclopedias 21 III. Treatises 22 xix vii

viii CONTENTS IV. Dictionaries 23 V. Legal Periodicals 23 VI. American Law Reports 25 VII. Restatements of Law 26 Chapter 3 Researching Constitutions 29 I. Arizona Constitution 29 II. United States Constitution 31 Chapter 4 Researching Statutes and Court Rules 35 I. Print Media 35 A. Arizona Print Media 35 B. Federal Print Media 38 C. Researching Print Media 38 1. Find the Relevant Statute 39 a. Starting with a Citation 39 b. Using the Conversion Table 39 c. Beginning with a Popular Name 39 d. Scanning the Title Outline 39 e. Using the Topical Index 40 2. Read the Statute 41 3. Read the Relevant Cases 41 4. Update the Statute 42 II. Electronic Media 42 A. Arizona Electronic Media 42 B. Federal Electronic Media 43 C. Researching Electronic Media 43 III. Court Rules 44 Chapter 5 Researching Legislative History 47 I. How the Arizona Legislature Operates 47 A. Arizona Bill Tracking 48 B. Arizona Legislative History 49 1. Research Using Electronic Media 49 2. Research Using Print Media 51 C. Research at the State Capitol 52 II. How the Federal Legislature Works 52 A. Federal Bill Tracking 53 B. Federal Legislative History 54

CONTENTS ix Chapter 6 Finding Cases in Reporters and Online 57 I. Print Media 57 A. Editorial Enhancements of an Arizona Case 59 B. Arizona Print Media 61 C. Federal Print Media 62 II. Electronic Media 64 A. Arizona Internet Resources 64 B. Federal Internet Resources 65 Chapter 7 Researching Cases in Digests and Online 69 I. Print Media 69 A. Organization of the Digest System 71 1. Headnotes 71 2. Topics and Key Numbers 71 B. Research Using the Digest System 72 1. Determining the Correct Digest 72 2. Locating Relevant Topics and Key Numbers 72 a. Beginning with a Relevant Case 72 b. Beginning with a Topic 73 c. Beginning with the Descriptive Word Index 73 3. Reading the Headnotes Organized under the Relevant Topics and Key Numbers 73 4. Updating the Research 74 C. Using the Digest System with a Case or Party Name 75 D. Using the Digest System s Words and Phrases 75 II. Electronic Media 75 A. Bloomberg Law 76 B. Lexis Advance and Westlaw 76 Chapter 8 Researching Administrative Law 83 I. Researching Arizona Administrative Law 84 A. Arizona Administrative Code 85 B. Arizona Administrative Register 86 C. Other Sources for Arizona Administrative Law 86 II. Researching Federal Administrative Law 87 A. Code of Federal Regulations 88 B. Federal Register 89 C. Other Sources for Federal Administrative Law 89 III. Arizona Attorney General Opinions 89

x CONTENTS Chapter 9 Researching Arizona Tribal Law 91 I. Introduction to Tribal Law and Federal Indian Law 91 II. Tribal Treaties, Constitutions, and Codes 91 III. Tribal Case Law 92 IV. Secondary Sources 93 Chapter 10 Updating Research 97 I. BCite 98 II. Shepard s on Lexis Advance 99 III. KeyCite on Westlaw 101 Appendix A Legal Citation 111 I. The ALWD Guide 112 A. Incorporating Citations into a Document 112 B. Case Citations 113 1. Essential Components of Case Citations 113 2. Full and Short Citations to Cases 115 3. Prior and Subsequent History 116 4. Cases Available Electronically Only 117 C. Statutes 117 1. State Statutes 117 2. Federal Statutes 118 D. Signals 118 E. Explanatory Parentheticals 119 F. Quotations 119 G. Citation Details 120 II. The Bluebook 120 A. Bluebook Citations for Practice Documents 121 1. Quick Reference Guide and the Bluepages 121 2. Index 121 3. Case Citations 122 4. Statutes 122 5. Signals and Parenthetical Information 122 6. Quotations 122 7. Tables in The Bluebook 122 8. Comparison of Arizona Citations in ALWD and Bluebook Formats 122 B. Bluebook Citations for Law Review Articles 123 III. Editing Citations 124

CONTENTS xi Appendix B Glossary of Legal Research Terms 125 About the Author 131 Index 133

List of Tables and Appendix Images Chapter 1 The Research Process 3 Table 1-1. Examples of Authority in Arizona Research 5 Table 1-2. Overview of the Research Process 9 Table 1-3. Generating Research Terms 10 Table 1-4. Bloomberg Law Search Operators 13 Table 1-5. Boolean Connectors and Commands for Lexis Advance and Westlaw 15 Chapter 2 Researching Secondary Authority 19 Table 2-1. Outline of the Research Process in a Print-Media Encyclopedia 22 Table 2-2. Outline of the Research Process in a Print- Media Legal Periodical 24 Table 2-3. Electronic Media for Arizona Legal Periodicals 25 Table 2-4. Outline of the Research Process in a Print- Media A.L.R. 26 Table 2-5. Outline of the Research Process in a Print-Media Restatement of Law 27 Chapter 3 Researching Constitutions 29 Table 3-1. Arizona Constitution s Articles 30 Appendix 3-1. Sample Arizona Constitution Article 32 Chapter 4 Researching Statutes and Court Rules 35 Table 4-1. A.R.S. Titles 37 Table 4-2. Outline of the Research Process for Statutes in Print Media 39 Table 4-3. Finding Features for Statutes in Print Media 40 Appendix 4-1. Sample Arizona Statute with Annotations 45 Chapter 5 Researching Legislative History 47 Table 5-1. Outline of the Research Process for Legislative History and Preferred Media 49 Appendix 5-1. Sample Arizona Legislative History 56 Chapter 6 Finding Cases in Reporters and Online 57 Table 6-1. Coverage of Regional Reporters 59 Table 6-2. Arizona Reporters 62 xiii

xiv LIST OF TABLES Table 6-3. Federal Reporters 63 Appendix 6-1. Editorial Enhancements of an Arizona Case 66 Chapter 7 Researching Cases in Digests and Online 69 Table 7-1. Coverage of Regional Digests 70 Table 7-2. Outline of the Research Process in a Print-Media Digest 72 Table 7-3. Selected Court Abbreviations in Arizona Digest Entries 74 Appendix 7-1. Sample Arizona Case on Lexis Advance 77 Appendix 7-2. Sample Arizona Case on Westlaw 80 Chapter 8 Researching Administrative Law 83 Table 8-1. Outline of the Research Process for Arizona Administrative Law 84 Table 8-2. Arizona Agencies That Hear Contested Cases 87 Appendix 8-1. Sample Arizona Rule from Arizona Administrative Code 90 Chapter 9 Researching Arizona Tribal Law 91 Appendix 9-1. Arizona Tribal Court Information 94 Chapter 10 Updating Research 97 Table 10-1. BCite Treatment Codes for Cases on Bloomberg Law 99 Table 10-2. Shepard s Signals for Cases on Lexis Advance 100 Table 10-3. KeyCite Status Flags on Westlaw 102 Table 10-4. KeyCite Stars and Bars on Westlaw 103 Appendix 10-1. Sample Excerpt from BCite Report on Bloomberg Law for an Arizona Case 104 Appendix 10-2. Sample Appellate History Report for an Arizona Case on Lexis Advance 105 Appendix 10-3. Sample Appellate History Map View of an Arizona Case on Lexis Advance 106 Appendix 10-4. Sample Excerpt from a Citing Decisions Report for an Arizona Case on Lexis Advance 107 Appendix 10-5. Sample Full History KeyCite Report and Graphic View/Westlaw for an Arizona Case 108 Appendix 10-6. Sample Excerpt from Citing References KeyCite Report/Westlaw for an Arizona Case 109

LIST OF TABLES xv Appendix A Legal Citation 111 Table A-1. Purposes of Legal Citations 112 Table A-2. Examples of a Citation Sentence and a Citation Clause 113 Table A-3. Examples of Full Citations 116 Table A-4. Common Signals 118 Table A-5. Comparison of Arizona Citations in ALWD and Bluebook format 123

Series Note The Legal Research Series published by Carolina Academic Press includes an increasing number of titles from states around the country. The goal of each book is to provide law students, practitioners, paralegals, college students, and laypeople with the essential elements of legal research in each state. Unlike more bibliographic texts, the Legal Research Series books seek to explain concisely both the sources of state law research and the process for conducting legal research effectively. xvii

Preface and Acknowledgments This research book includes instructions on both print and electronic sources. The print resource instructions are included as the first part of each chapter and can easily be skipped if this information is not needed. However, many legal researchers report the need to use print resources for specific projects, which is the main reason this book includes print resource instructions. Some researchers also report a better understanding of how legal information is organized by looking at the print resources. For example, some say that looking at statutory codes in print is more straightforward than looking for that same information electronically. Because each researcher approaches the research process differently, this book offers instructions on all the various ways to find legal information. I owe a great debt of gratitude to Suzanne Rowe, series editor, for her support of this project. She generously provided both her time and her material for Chapter 1 and Appendix A, for which I am grateful. I also owe many thanks to others who supported me throughout this project with advice and materials: specifically, the Ross-Blakely Law Library staff and the legal writing department at the Sandra Day O Connor College of Law (Arizona State University). They are composed of wonderfully talented individuals. The law school simply could not function without them, and they are the best colleagues one could hope for in any job. In addition, no acknowledgement would be complete without thanking my parents, Thom and Carol Havelaar, for their support of all my writing projects, from the first book review I wrote at the age of twelve that they lovingly tucked in the pages of a scrapbook to all of my current work. Finally, my greatest thanks go to my husband, William, and my son, Eric, for understanding my need to write and reminding me why life is beautiful. xix