2013 2 No. 2 2013 131 JOURNAL OF XINGHAI CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Sum No. 131 10617 DOI 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1008-7389. 2013. 02. 019 J607 A 1008-7389 2013 02-0120 - 08 2 Susanne Langer 1895 2013-03 - 02 fight or flight sympathetic nervous system arousal level valence parasympathetic nervous system 1 roughness 1971-120 1985 3
Hector L. Berlioz 1803-1869 4 reticular activating sys- tem 5 6 - James - Lange theory - - motor resonance emotional contagion 121
2013 2 insula striatum ventromedial prefrontal cortex amygdala 8 9 - empathy skin conductance level 7 10 11 music - expressed emotion music - induced emotion 12 parahippocampus anterior cingulate gyrus 13 122
Home Sweet Home 1928 autographical memory hippocampus lyrical aesthet- ics mind wandering emotion reg- internalization ulation 15 lyrical symbolization 14 Paul D. MacLean 1913 2007 triune brain hypothesis subjective - internal sound paleo mammalian brain limbic system neo mammalian brain neocortex 16 Nearer My God to Thee introspection self reptilian brain paralimbic system 123
2013 2 16 Rolandic operculum 22 frontopole 19 17 15 18 parahippocampal gyrus orbitofrontal cortex 20 dopamine mesolimbic pathway 21 tran- scendence Herbert Spencer 1820-1903 reward 124
suspended expectation a sense of resolution 16 24 23 2011 Nature Neuroscience Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music relaxation pattern 25 Wilhelm Wundt 1832 - caudate 1920 nucleus accumbens 24 specific context tension - 125
2013 2 9 E. Eldar O. Ganor R. Admon A. Bleich and T. Hendler. Feeling The Real World Limbic Response to Music Depends on Related Content J. Cereb Cortex 2007 17 2828-2840. 10 S. L. Tan M. P. Spackman and M. A. Bezdek. Viewers Interpretations of Film Characters Emotions Franz Schubert 1797-1828 Effects of Presenting Film Music Before or After a Character Is Shown J. Music Perception 2007 25 2 135-152. 26 11 B. Hoeckner E. W. Wyatt J. Decety and H. Nusbaum. Film Music Influences How Viewers Relate to 1 J. Russell. Evidence for a Three - Factor Theory of Emotions J. Journal of Research in Personality 1977 11 273 294. 2 J. Juslin N. Patrik and R. Timmers. Expression and Communication of Emotion in Music Performance M / / P. Juslin and J. Sloboda edited. Handbook of Music and Emotion Theory Research Applications. Oxford and New York Oxford University Press 2010 453 489. 3 S. K. Langer. Philosophy in a New Key A Study in the Symbolism of Reason Rite and Ritual M. Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1942 227 238. 4. Wolfgang Auhagen Aggressiveness of the Growl - Like Timbre Acoustic Characteristics Musical Implications and Biomechanical Mechanisms J. Music Perception 2010 27 3 209-221. 5 S. Schachter and J. E. Singer. Cognitive Social and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State J. Psychol. Rev 1962 69 379-399. 6 K. R. Scherer A. Shorr and T. Johnstone ed.. Appraisal Processes in Emotion Theory Methods Research M. Canary NC Oxford University Press 2001 23. 7 A. C. Miu and F. R. Baltes. Empathy Manipulation Impacts Music - Induced Emotions a Psychophysiological Study on Opera J. Plos One 2012 7 1 e30618. 126 8 T. Baumgartner K. Lutz C. F. Schmidt and L. J - ncke. The Emotional Power of Music How Music Enhances the Feeling of Affective Pictures J. Brain Res 2006 1075 1 151-164. Movie Characters J. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts 2011 5 2 146-153. 12 S. O. Ali and Z. F. Peynircio lu. Songs and Emotions Are Lyrics and Melodies Equal Partners J. Psychology of Music 2006 34 4 511-534. 13 E. Brattico V. Alluri B. Bogert T. Jacobsen N. Vartiainen S. Nieminen and M. Tervaniemi. A Functional MRI Study of Happy and Sad Emotions in Music with and without Lyrics J. Front Psychol 2011 2 308. 14. M. 2009 184. 15 W. Trost T. Ethofer M. Zentner and P. Vuilleumier. Mapping Aesthetic Musical Emotions in the Brain J. Cereb Cortex 2011 doi 10. 1093 /cercor /bhr353. 16 P. D. MacLean. A Mind of Three Minds Educating The Triune Brain M / / J. S. Chall and A. F. Mirsky edited. Education and the Brain. Chicago University of Chicago Press 1978 308 342. 17 N. Gosselin I. Peretz M. Noulhiane D. Hasboun C. Beckett M. Baulac and S. Samson. Impaired Recognition of Scary Music Following Unilateral Temporal Lobe Excision J. Brain 2005 128 628-640. 18 N. Gosselin S. Samson R. Adolphs M. Noulhiane M. Roy D. Hasboun M. Baulac and I. Peretz. Emotional Responses to Unpleasant Music Correlates with Damage to the Parahippocampal J. Cortex. Brain 2006 129 2585-2592. 19 A. J. Blood R. J. Zatorre P. Bermudez and A. C. Evans. Emotional Responses to Pleasant and Unpleasant
Music Correlate with Activity in Paralimbic Brain Regions J. Nat Neurosci 1999 2 382-387. 20 A. J. Blood and R. J. Zatorre. Intensely Pleasurable Responses to Music Correlate with Activity in Brain Regions Implicated in Reward And Emotion J. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 98 20 11818-11823. 21 V. Menon and D. J. Levitin. The Rewards of Music Listening Response and Physiological Connectivity of The Mesolimbic System J. Neuroimage 2005 28 1 175-184. 22 S. Koelsch T. Fritz D. Y. v. Cramon K. Muller and A. D. Friederici. Investigating Emotion with Music An FMRI Study J. Hum Brain Mapp 2006 27 3 239-250. 23 B. Kleber N. Birbaumer R. Veit T. Trevorrow and M. Lotze. Overt and Imagined Singing of an Italian Aria J. Neuroimage 2007 36 3 889-900. 24 V. N. Salimpoor M. Benovoy K. Larcher A. Dagher and R. J. Zatorre. Anatomically Distinct Dopamine Release during Anticipation and Experience of Peak Emotion to Music J. Nat Neurosci 2011 14 2 257-262. 25 L. B. Meyer. Emotion and Meaning in Music M. Chicago Chicago University Press 1956 16-17. 26 M. Spitzer. Mapping the Human Heart A Holistic Analysis of Fear in Schubert J. Music Analysis 2010 29 1-3 149-213. On the Relationship between Musical Emotion and Cognition Dialogue between Aesthetics and Psychology Cai Zhen-jia Graduate Institute of Musicology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan 10617 Abstract Compared to other emotion - inducing art music is a relatively complex art that contains cognitive and emotional elements. This paper discusses the development of music emotions from a lower level to a higher level based on aesthetic and psychological theories. An audience s emotion may thus be influenced by his or her emotional interpretation of music and the complexity will be well illustrated by neural basis of musical emotions. Keywords Music Emotion Music cognition Music Aesthetics Cognitive Psychology Neurosciences 127