Evolution of Broadcast Content Distribution

Evolution of Broadcast Content Distribution

Roland Beutler Evolution of Broadcast Content Distribution 123

Roland Beutler Südwestrundfunk (SWR) Stuttgart, Germany ISBN 978-3-319-45972-1 ISBN 978-3-319-45973-8 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45973-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950728 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Dedicated to Kai and Chris

Acknowledgments New ideas and insights thrive and prosper on vibrant and inspiring exchange of views. The FDS project group at the EBU was a great environment to look at broadcasting from a different perspective which paved the way to new understanding. I am very grateful to all colleagues for their engagement, enthusiasm and passion. My special thanks go to Darko for all his support, backing and help to find the right direction over the last years. vii

Contents 1 Introduction... 1 2 The Broadcasting Ecosystem... 5 3 Distribution Options... 11 3.1 Broadcasting Networks... 11 3.1.1 Terrestrial Broadcasting Networks... 11 3.1.2 Cable Networks... 15 3.1.3 Satellite Networks... 17 3.2 Broadband Networks... 19 3.2.1 Over-the-Top and Managed Services... 23 3.2.2 Fixed Broadband Networks... 25 3.2.3 Mobile Broadband Networks... 26 3.2.4 WiFi Networks... 28 3.2.5 Content Distribution Networks... 29 4 Regulatory Framework... 33 4.1 Spectrum Regulation... 34 4.1.1 International Telecommunications Union... 34 4.1.2 Regional Organizations... 37 4.1.3 National Regulatory Authorities... 41 4.1.4 European Commission... 42 4.2 Content Regulation... 43 4.2.1 The European Regulatory Framework... 45 4.2.2 Net Neutrality... 48 5 Changing Habits and Expectations... 55 5.1 Extension of Services... 56 5.2 New Types of Devices... 62 5.3 Usage Environments... 64 5.4 New Trends for the Broadcasting Sector... 66 ix

x Contents 6 Technology Developments... 69 6.1 Terrestrial Broadcasting Technologies... 70 6.1.1 DVB-Project... 71 6.1.2 ATSC 3.0... 72 6.1.3 FOBTV... 74 6.2 Mobile Broadband Technologies... 74 6.2.1 embms... 75 6.2.2 3GPP TV Enhancements for LTE... 78 6.3 5G: Next Generation Mobile Networks... 81 6.4 Hybrid Broadband Networks... 87 7 Scope of Broadcasting... 91 7.1 Public Service Broadcasting... 92 7.2 Public Service Broadcasters Requirements on Distribution... 95 8 Strategic Considerations... 99 8.1 Basic Observations... 100 8.2 Use Cases... 101 8.3 Usage Patterns... 105 8.4 Analysis of the Broadcast Value Chain... 107 8.5 Business Arrangements... 110 8.6 Distribution Costs... 115 8.7 Assessment of Distribution Options... 118 9 Broadcasting in Uncharted Waters... 121 Bibliography... 125 Index... 131

List of Figures Fig. 2.1 The broadcasting value chain... 6 Fig. 2.2 Definition of a distribution platform... 8 Fig. 3.1 Pros and cons of terrestrial broadcasting networks... 15 Fig. 3.2 Topology of a hybrid fiber-coaxial cable network... 17 Fig. 3.3 Different types of satellite orbits... 18 Fig. 3.4 Different footprints of a geostationary satellite... 20 Fig. 3.5 Schematical overview about the Internet topology... 21 Fig. 3.6 Comparison between central server and CDN approach... 29 Fig. 3.7 Overview about the different CDN components... 30 Fig. 5.1 Average daily minutes of media usage per person in Europe and the US [Zen15]... 61 Fig. 5.2 Comparison of different spatial TV resolutions... 62 Fig. 6.1 Technical Requirements for 5G systems... 84 Fig. 6.2 State-of-the-art distribution of broadcast content... 86 Fig. 8.1 Three pillar model of an enterprise... 100 Fig. 8.2 Usage pattern for a temporal and spatial change... 106 Fig. 8.3 Usage pattern for a combination of two use cases... 106 Fig. 8.4 Currently available distribution options... 107 Fig. 8.5 Canvas of the broadcast value chain... 108 Fig. 8.6 Value chain for linear content over DTT... 110 Fig. 8.7 The basic requirements of PSBs.... 119 Fig. 8.8 Requirements of PSBs and external factors... 119 xi

List of Tables Table 3.1 Overview of mobile technology generations, their primary service offers and key features... 26 Table 6.1 Features of mobile technology generations... 81 Table 8.1 Services, devices and environments from which use cases can be derived... 104 xiii

List of Acronyms APT Asia-Pacific Telecommunity ASMG Arab Spectrum Management Group ATU African Telecommunications Union AVMSD Audio-Visual Media Service Directive BNetzA Bundesnetzagentur CDN Content Delivery Network CEPT Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunication CITEL Comisión Interamericana de Telecomunicaciones DSL Digital Subscriber Line DTT Digital Terrestrial Television DVB Digital Video Broadcast DVB-T Digital Video Broadcast Terrestrial DVB-T2 Digital Video Broadcast Terrestrial 2 EBU European Broadcasting Union EC European Commission ECC Electronic Communications Committee ECO European Communications Office EFIS ECO Frequency Information System embms enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service EPG Electronic Programme Guide ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EU European Union FCC Federal Communications Commission FOBTV Future of Broadcast Television FTA Free-To-Air FTTH Fibre-To-The-Home FTV Free-To-View GEO Geostationary Orbit HAPS High-Altitude-Platform-Systems HbbTV Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television xv

xvi HDTV HEO HPHT IEEE IMT IoT IP ISD ISP IRT ITU IXP LEO LPLT LTE M2M MEO MFN MNO NFV Ofcom OTT PoP PSB PSM RCC RR RSC RSD RSPG SDN SDTV SFN SVT TFA UHDTV UPU VOD WRC 3GPP List of Acronyms High Definition Television Highly Elliptical Orbit, High Earth Orbit High-Power-High-Tower Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Mobile Telecommunications Internet of Things Internet Protocol Inter-Site Distance Internet Service Provider Institut für Rundfunktechnik International Telecommunication Union Internet Exchange Point Low Earth Orbit Low-Power-Low-Tower Long Term Evolution Machine-to-Machine Medium Earth Orbit Multi Frequency Network Mobile Network Operator Network Functions Virtualization Office of Communications Over-The-Top Point of Presence Public Service Broadcasting Public Service Media Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communication Radio Regulations Radio Spectrum Committee Radio Spectrum Decision Radio Spectrum Policy Group Software-Defined Networking Standard Definition Television Single Frequency Network Swedisch Television Table of Frequency Allocations Ultra High Definition Television Universal Postal Union Video-on-Demand World Radiocommunication Conference Third Generation Partnership Project