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,,,? (justification of logical theory),,,,,, ;,, ( 2,p. 86),, :, ;,,,,,, ( 2,p. 86), ( 3,pp. 25-50),,,, 7 + 5 = 12,, ( 1,p. 22),,,,,,,, ( ), (argumentation),,,,,,,,,, ( 4,pp. 239-240),,,,,,,,,,, ( 5,p. 222),,,,, ( ), (invalidity),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1,p. 228),, 34

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 6,pp. 29-33) 19,,, (situated reason),,,,, (contextualism),, ( 6,p. 49),,, ( 7,p. 137), (transcendence) (immanence) : ( ), ( ) ( 8,p. 228),,, (universality) (contextuality) :,,,, ( 6,p. 139), ( ),,,, ( 9,p. 165),, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( ), ( ) ( 9,pp. 215-216),,, 35

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1 Susan Haack. Philosophy of Logics M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1978. 2. J., 2005, (2) : 84-95. 3. M. :,2005. 4 G. Iseminger. Logic and Philosophy : Selected Readings C. New York : Appleton - Century - Crofts, 1968. 5 I. M. Copi et al. Contemporary Readings in Logical Theory M. New York : Macmillan, 1967. 6 J rgen Habermas. Postmetaphysical Thinking M. Cambridge : Polity Press, 1992. 7. M. :,1997. 8 Kenneth Baynes et al. After Philosophy : End or Transformation? C. Cambridge : The MIT Press, 1991. 9. M. :,1996. 10. M. :,1996. 11 Maurice A. Finocchiaro. Arguments about Arguments : Systematic, Critical and Historical Essays in Logic Theory M. Cambridge : Cam2 bridge University Press, 2005. 12 Stephen Toulmin. The Uses of Argument M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1958. 13 J rgen Habermas. The Theory of Communicative Action M. vol. 1. Boston : Beacon Press, 1984. 14 Douglas Walton. The New Dialectic : A Method of Evaluating an Argument Used for Some Purpose in a Given Case J. ProtoSociology, 1999, vol. 13, 70-91. 15 Douglas N. Walton. Justification of Argumentative Schemes J. Australasian Journal of Logic, 2005, (3) : 1-13. 42,,,, 1 Ran R. Hassin, James S. Uleman, John A. Bargh (editors). 2005. Press 2,, J,,2003. 5 :96-101 The new unconscious A Oxford ; New York : Oxford University 3, M, 2002 4,, J,1986,2(6) :40-44 5,,,, J,,2006, (03) 6, J, 2004,27(1) :101-103 7, J, 2003,26(6) :1025-1030 8,,, J, 2001,33(1) :88-93 9, : J, 2004,24(1) :3-6 10 M. W., M, 2003 11, J, ( ),2005. 3 12,,, J, 2003,1(3) :161-165 13, J, 1997,13(4) :694-701 14, J,2003,11(6) :616-622 15 Watanabe W, Nakanishi K, Aihara K. 2001,Solving the binding problem of the brain with bi - directional functional connectivity J. Neural Networks, 14(4) : 395-406 16 MacIntyre, Alasdair C Alasdair MacIntyre. 2004. The unconscious : a conceptual analysis A. New York : Routledge,. 124 17,, J, 2003,11(3) :334-338 18,,, J, 2005,28(2) :442-443 38

Abstract Ecofeminism and Traditional Cultures of China (p. 1) LI Jian - shan, ZHAO Yuan - yuan (Department of Philosophy, Nankai University, Tianjin) Traditional Cultures of China have a history of long standing, and have formed their unique characters in the past several thousand years. To criticize the view of Western traditional ethic on subject - object dichotomy, it is necessary for ecofeminism to absorb these traditional cultures from China, such as organic holism, harmony between man and nature and benevolence, and it is also an important step to develop ecofeminism itself. Span the Rift between Science and Values (p. 7) PANG Xiao - guang ( Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing) Over long period of time, science has been regarded as value - free. It seems that there is rift between science and values. This paper dis2 cusses the interrelationship of science and values in detail from five aspects : the analysis of language, the structure of science, the scientist s ex2 ploring motive, the science in the context of society, the humanization of science, thereby, the rift between science and values will be spanned in certain degree. Documentary Analysis on Scientif ic Literacy Construction in International Journals (1995-2005) (p. 12) ZHENG Dan, ZHANGJin - zhi (Center for Social Studies of Science, Peking University, Beijing) The research searches the references about scientific literacy construction in Web of Knowledge, including SCI, SSCI and A&HCI data2 bases from 1995 to 2005. In these references, we analyze the types, database belonged, publication years, research subjects, author s coun2 tries and highly cited documents. We have five findings : firstly, the research in scientific literacy construction is very active. Secondly, the USA and UK are international leaders in this research area. Thirdly, case study is highly used in this research area. Fourthly, cross - study would be the mainstream in this research area. Fifthly, Chinese research is still too uninfluential. Truth, Belief and the Evolution of Knowledge : Kuhn s Theory of Knowledge (p. 21) HE Bing (Chongqing University, Chongqing) Post - Kuhn drew an analogy between the development of science and the proliferation of biological specialties. He thought the evolution of knowledge was aimless, and we d better seek the desirability of a particular change - of - belief, rather than assert a certain scientific knowledge to be true or false. Also he took the incommensurability as the necessary condition of the development of science. At the same time, Kuhn introduced the theory of taxonomy to avoid the puzzlement of realism and the Truth which realists ask for. Kuhn distinguished the world - it - self and the phenomenal - worlds constructed by different lexicons. He made a metaphor between tribes and scientific communities ; niche and their working world. As the way that being - in - the - world which a lexicon provides is not candidate for trueπfalse, we can t en2 sure which phenomena - world gives privileged access to real world. This position Kuhn developed was a sort of post - Darwinian Kantianism, namely, the evolution theory of knowledge. Analysis on Evans Theory of Sense (p. 28) SHI Xi ( Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing) G. Evans is a contemporary English philosopher. He is supposed to be a typical character who belonged to the tradition of analytical phi2 losophy, and promoted the transformation from the philosophy of language to the philosophy of thought. His theory of sense played a key role in this transformation. On one hand, Evans accepted Frege s theory of sense ; on the other hand, he reformed it with Russell s theory of mean2 ing, that is to say, he defined the conception of sense, which is objective in Frege s theory, with a subjective viewpoint. Evans s theory of sense highlights the concept of information. This paper tries to illustrate Evans theory of sense in virtue of the acceptance and development of the thought of Frege and Russell in his theory. On the Argument Theory of Modern Logic and Its Transformation from a Perspective of Situated Reason (p. 33) J IN Rong - dong (Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai) Considering the transformation from transcendental reason to situated reason, this article elucidates the universalistic and aprioristic pres2 110

upposition and its deficiencies in the argument theory of modern logic, maintains that some attempts made by informal logicians represent the endeavor of how logic to study argument from a perspective of the union of a priority and posteriority, and union of universality and contextuali2 ty. Two Methods of Unconsciousness Research : Exposure to Information Carrier and Exposure to Information Source (p. 39) SUN Zhi - feng (Department of Psychology, East China Normal University, Shanghai ;Department of Education Science and Administration, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu) Unconsciousness research has a long history, which plays an ups and downs role in the psychology. Until cognitive psychology was estab2 lished in the 1960s, unconsciousness research returned to the main stream of psychology with consciousness research. From the views of infor2 mation process, the paper emphasizes two new concepts of Exposure to Information Carrier and Exposure to Information Source methods, which are first put forward by me. Then it makes use of them to systemize and summarize existing unconsciousness research, and reviews it to provide a new way of thinking for unconsciousness research. Knowledge Distribution and Self - organization Tendency of R&D Process of Company Based on A - U Model (p. 43) YANGJian - fei ( Institute of Economics and Management of Northwest University, Xi an, Shaanxi) Bases on three phrases division, this paper uses related research results of theory of knowledge and knowledge management as theoretical method, and analyzes the distribution, composition, transformation, self - healing and self - configuration of concealed knowledge and literary knowledge in R&D process of company. This paper thinks knowledge type may have process of encoding and increase tendency of visibility. The Discovery of Thymus : a Case Study of the Controversy of Priority (p. 49) HAN Peng (Study Center for Medicine History, Peking University, Beijing) The discovery of immunological function of thymus is truly a landmark in the history of immunology. This paper describes the long - last2 ing controversy on the priority problems of such discovery. We analyze its theoretical and social aspects in the historical background on which the discovery took place, hereby we argue that the priority problem concerns with multiple orientations and to justify such event in the history of medicine is not as easy as it appears. A Text Study of Hessen Thesis (p. 57) TANG Wen - pei (Center for Social Studies of Science, Peking University, Beijing) Hessen thesis the first systemic attempt on using Marxism in science studies, which tried to find the determinant of Newton s scien2 tific work, in order to overthrow the idealistic understanding of scientists creativity and the heroic understanding of history. But the effective2 ness of Hessen s demonstration is not satisfactory, neither did he proved the requirements of the economy and technology of the epoch have a decisive influence on problem choosing,nor did he touched the kernel of Newton s system for checking it in sociological standard. So, we can only say that Hessen thesis has value in bringing forward the problem, but not in finding solution to the problem. The Development of History of Science Society and the Specializations of History of Science in America (p. 64) WEI Yi - dong, WANG Ting - fang (Center of Philosophy Research of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi) The History of Science Society( HSS) is the biggest institute in this realm. After its establishment, HSS had experienced the crisis of es2 tablishment, cooperation, employment, finance, is carrying on the construction of science historiography section in the American university and high schools, publishing many publication, works and data on History of Science, making the ISIS into the electronics resource, and providing the convenience for the members at any time. HSS has also established various prizes and awards. Finally, it has accelerated the development of History of Science. The prosperity of ISIS is also inseparable with the support of HSS. A Comparative Study between Chinese and Hindu on the Calculational Methods of Spheral Area and Volume (p. 71) YAN Xue - min, HUA Guo - dong (China National Institute for Educational Research, Beijing) The ancient mathematics of Chinese and Hindu belong to the Eastern mathematics system, but two countries used different methods in computing spherical area and volume. By analyze the methods, we can give a conclusion that the spherical problem is an important element in 111