Evocative Approaches to Change Workshop 3 Jeffrey K. Zeig, Ph.D. Artistry Evocative Approaches to Change Workshop Description: Clients change by virtue of the experiences they live. Clinicians can use advanced techniques including verbal and physical metaphors. Lecture, demonstration, and practice. Educational Objectives Describe the function of metaphor in psychotherapy. Given a patient, design an experiential approach. Indicate when to use evocative methods Describe orienting toward. Evocative vs Informative Communication Communication is both Evocative and Informative 1
Evocative Communication Informative Communication Art is evocative communication. Evocative communication is required to alter states. Science is informative communication. We need science to understand facts. We need art to address and exercise phenomenology, lived experience (states, including emotions). Evocative communication has a grammar that is different from scientific, informative communication. If therapists understand the grammar of art, they can apply it to advancing psychotherapy. Artistic Communication Evocative communication Conceptual communication Experiential communication Limbic communication These forms of communication prompt autonomous responses Limbic communication Animals Use Limbic Communication. Limbic Communication Orients Toward Conceptual Communication Orients Toward. Orienting Toward Elicits States. Emotions and States are Elicited Through Paraverbal Communication, Including Sounds and Gestures. Concepts are Communicated Para verbally. Sounds and Gestures and Para verbal communications are Metaphors When to Use Evocative Communication? When information and advice fail. When someone needs to realize a concept. When the goal is to change a state. Conceptual Communication Milton Erickson was a conceptual communicator. Hypnosis is conceptual communication. Hypnosis is about changing states Therapy can be directed to helping others assume adaptive states. To alter states it is necessary to use all output channels of communication: Our palette. Simple Example: Graphic 2
From the other side Learning Informatively Versus Learning in Stylized Steps Spanish Skiing World Science Festival Video clip An Example of Conceptual Communication The Structure of Impact: Heuristics of Implicit Influence in the Movie Clip Oriented toward awaken representations Create fascination Appeal to the eyes Attune Be multisensory, multidimensional, and multilevel. Move in strategic steps Use unreality make it weird. Use movement keep the eyes moving Destabilize create arousal. Influence can be invisible. Use connotation. Precision Use signals to elicit emotion Metaphor A Foundation of Conceptual Communication. But, Metaphor is only One Example of Conceptual Communication. Metaphor can be Used in Any Phase of Treatment Metaphor is One Way to Orient Toward. 3
Metaphor Representation Representation is the use of signs that stand in f and take the place of something else. It is through representation that people organize the world and reality through the act of naming its Here is another example: Metaphor Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable: Signification: The representation or conveying of meaning Figurative language; Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language. Metaphor Metaphor strengthens the message. We can say things in metaphor that cannot be stated in other ways. Metaphor is a way of being effective, not correct. Metaphor gift wraps concepts Metaphor is novel and leads to neurogenesis. Metaphor makes things memorable. Metaphor is parallel communication that activates a search for personal meaning. This is that. Metaphor prompts realizations. Metaphor prompts arousal Metaphor elicits autonomous response Romeo and Juliet Literary Metaphor Shakespeare ROMEO: But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Juliet is the Sun metaphoric state of the therapist. 4
Tess of the d Urbervilles Thomas Hardy And as each (of the country girls) and all of them was warmed by the sun, so each had a private sun for her soul to bask in some dream, some reflection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope by which, starving to nothing, still lived on as hopes will. Metaphor and Simile The metaphor states a fact or draws a verbal picture using comparison. A simile would indicate you are like something it is an analogy A metaphor is stronger it says you are something. Verbal Non verbal Spatial metaphor Tonal metaphor: sounds Gestural metaphor Postural metaphor Extended metaphor Sculpting. Living metaphor (using objects) Hypnosis as metaphor Systemic metaphor Contextual metaphor Types of Metaphor Using Metaphor in Treatment. Using metaphor in garnering rapport, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and termination. How to approach with metaphor. Goal setting with sculpting? Describing a system with metaphor Clips MHE and Minuchin Minuchin Example PsychotherapyVideo.com 5
Clips MHE and Minuchin Milton Erickson Two examples of the use of metaphor Erickson video clip circa 1976 Clips Erickson February 1978 Clips MHE and Minuchin Extended Metaphor Shakespeare: As You Like It. All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. 6
Cases of Extended Metaphor Cynthia Pennsylvania Psychiatrist Alcoholic couple. Being Metaphoric Being Metaphoric is a state. It needs to move from working memory to procedural memory as soon as possible. Recognizing and Anchoring States. Possible Categories for descriptions Emotion Behavior Thought Perception Relationship Physiology Context Qualities (intensity) Attitude Imagery Temporal orientation Memory Energy level Posture Gestures Sequences Exercise A: Demonstration and Exercises Goal Therapist States Being Metaphoric Being Experiential Role play anxious or depressed patient Start with normal empathy. 7
Exercise B: Role play anxious or depressed patient continues Empathize with analogies: It is just like. Perhaps use colors and shapes as analogies, or a building. Recursions Exercise C: Role play anxious or depressed patient continues Empathize with metaphor: You are a. Use recursions. Attunement Exercise D: Nonverbal Metaphor: Role play anxious or depressed patient continues Empathize with a nonverbal metaphor: It is just like. Add Attunement Strategic Development Framing/Bumpers SIFT 8
Exercise E: Metaphoric Sound + Strategic Development. Role play anxious or depressed patient continues Empathize with a metaphoric sound: It is just like. Use Strategic Development. Framing; Bumpers. Sculpting Exercise F Role play anxious or depressed patient continues Suggest a solution by sculpting Get out of the chair Being Experiential Jeffrey K. Zeig, Ph.D The Milton H. Erickson Foundation 2632 East Thomas Road Phoenix, AZ 85016 www.erickson foundation.org Copyright 2018 9