Practice Final Exam - Grammar

5. Question: Ramirez Practice Final Exam - Grammar Name: Tenses. Fill in the space with the given verb - use the correct tense. On January 20th, I returned home. I (1. be) _had been_ away from home for two years. My family (2. meet) met me at the airport with kisses and tears. They (3. miss) had missed me as much as I had missed them. I (4. be) was very happy to see them again. When I (5. get) got the chance, I (6. take) took a long look at them. My little brother (7. be) was no longer little. He (8. grow) had grown a lot. He (9. be) _was almost as tall as my father. My little sister (10. wear) was wearing a green dress. She (11. change) had changed quite a bit, too, but she (12. be still) was still mischievous and inquisitive. She (13. ask) asked me a thousand questions a minute, or so it seemed. My father (14. gain) had gained some weight, and his hair (15. turn) _had turned a little grayer, but otherwise he was just as I had remembered him. My mother (16. look) looked a little older, but not much. The wrinkles on her face (17. be) were smile wrinkles. a) The average person in the U.S. (eat) eats too much junk food. These days, nutritionists (try) are trying to change that. They (want) want people to eat more fruits and vegetables. b) Lilly (have) has a job baby-sitting two little girls. Usually the girls (behave). behave very well. But this week they (act) are acting like devils. They (drive) are driving Lilly crazy. She (know / not) doesn t know the reason for the sudden change in their behavior. c) What do you (like) like more lemons or oranges? Definitely oranges. Lemons (taste) taste too sour. But lemons definitely (smell) smell better. They (seem) seem like a healthy way to season your food, too. For this exercise, you have an answer, but no question. Write or ask an appropriate question. (Hint: Your question will probably use the same verb as the answer, but not always.) 1. Question: Have you graduated yet? / When will you graduate? Answer: Oh, I graduated already I m just taking classes to improve my pronunciation. 2. Question: Have you finished lunch already? Answer: Yes! We just finished lunch. 3. Question: Has it been raining all day? Answer: No, it hasn t been raining all day, just the last hour or so. 4. Question: Have you bought the book (yet)? Answer: Well, I haven t bought the book yet because I am planning to borrow it. How long have you been saving money? Answer: I ve been saving money for about three years. I still don t have enough. 1

Fill in the past tense and past participle of each verb. 61. choose - chose, chosen 62. fly - few, flown 63. tear - tore, torn 64. speak - spoke, spoken 65. drink - _drank, drunk 66. write - wrote, written 67. do - did, done 68. give -gave, given Use the words from this box to complete the sentences below. You may need to add other words as well. Try to use each word twice! ever always never just yet already since (time expression) usually for (time expression) 1. Tom always eats eggs for breakfast. He s done that for years. 2. Who usually cooks breakfast in your family? My mom always_ cooks. I ve never even tried to cook. 3. Why haven t you registered yet? You ll be on the waiting list. 4. Do you ever go to church? No, I ve never done that. 5. I m so relieved. I thought I lost my wallet, and I was looking for it for two hours. I just (or finally) found it under the seat of my car. 6. George is always borrowing money from me, and it drives me crazy. He never pays me back, either. 7. Hurry! Look outside! It just started to snow! 8. My brother can t keep a job. He got hired on Monday, and on Friday he was already fired. 9. Claudia has worked here since 2005 - for over ten years. 10. Aren t you done yet? I m tired of waiting. I ve been here since lunch. Tenses. Explain the meaning of the given tense according to the example sentence. 1. present progressive: I am working. _I am not doing this action at this moment. I m talking to you. But I started the action when I got hired and I will continue repeating it (going to work every day) until I stop working there. 2. past perfect: I had been living there a year. _I might live there now, or I might NOT you have no idea. We don t know WHEN this was. And this is not the main thing I m talking about. But at some point in the past, it was true I had lived there for 12 months. 4. present perfect Georgie has been a father for three years. _Georgie has a child NOW. He did not five years ago or four years ago. But his (first?) child was born three years ago. 5. simple present: Fish swim. _This is a fact that is always true, everywhere in the world. It will be true even if no people see it. 2

There is/there are: Organize the given words as a there is/there are sentence. a) Many divorced people / in the U.S. There are many divorced people in the U.S. b) A phone call / for you There s a phone call for you. c) No apples / in the bowl There are no apples in the bowl OR better There aren t any apples in the bowl. d) How many nickels / in a dollar? How many nickels are there in a dollar? e) Dirty footprints / on the floor There are dirty footprints on the floor! f) No swimming pool / in my hometown There s no swimming pool in my hometopwn. OR, There isn t a swimming pool in my hometown. g) Any bills / we need to pay? Are there any bills we need to pay? h) Two children / in the average American family. There are two children in the average Americna family. Simple Past, Past Continuous and Used To: Correct the following past sentences. 1. Ricky use used to be short. 2. Who writes wrote Romeo and Juliet? I think it s was Shakespeare. 3. Did your grandmother has have red hair? 4. They was were at the party, but I didn t saw see them. 5. The comedians was were terrible! No, they were was pretty funny. I was laughing laughed a few times. 6. I didn t used like use to like brussels sprouts, but now I do. 7. Why didn t wasn t your car working yesterday? 8. Yesterday I used to see saw a great movie. 9. Did you used to be Were you in high school in the 80 s? (Being in high school is not really a habit ) Going to / Will: Write the sentence using the best future form. a) When (speak) will you speak to your boss about a raise? Next month. He (be) He ll be in a good mood then. b) (a waiter:) Sir, what (have) will you have to drink? Hmm... I think I (have) I ll have an iced tea, please. c) I (ask) I ll her tomorrow when I see her. 3

d) (Be) Are you going to be at the meeting tomorrow? No, unfortunately. I (be) I m going to be at a dentist appointment. e) Who do you think (win) will win tomorrow? f) Be careful! The glass (fall) is going to fall off the table! g) If that glass falls, it (break) will break for sure. Immediate Future: Write the sentence using the best future form. A. Turn off your phone. The movie (start) is starting in a few minutes. B. Casey has too much homework, so she (not come) isn t coming to the movie with us tonight. C. What time does the train (arrive) arrive tomorrow? Choose THREE DIFFERENT ways to express future tense in these three sentences. A. He drives so badly, he (get) is going to get a ticket soon. BE GOING TO B. Pull over! That siren is for you! Oh, no, you (get) (you re) (you are) getting a ticket this time. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE C. I predict you (get) will get (you ll get) a ticket before this year is over. WILL Choose THREE DIFFERENT ways to express future tense in these three sentences. A. Classes (start) start next week. SIMPLE PRESENT B. (start) Will you start saving money someday? WILL C. I (start)i m going to over. I don t like what I did so far. BE GOING TO Fill in the space with the given verb - use the correct tense. (Notice that they are all Complex.) 1. Last night, they (walk) were walking upstairs when the dog (bark) barked. 2. When my boss (come up) came up to me yesterday, I (introduce) introduced her to my husband. 3. If Rawan (win) wins the contest, she ll share her prize with me. 4. Thuy (decide) will decide which job to take after she talks with her family. 4

5. Ruby (plant) will plant the tree tomorrow, if we can help her. 6. If Rachel (fly) flies to Florida in spring, it (not/be) won t be too expensive. Fix the errors in these sentences. ONE is correct. a) Alex has been read has that book since noon. b) My dad s brother haven t spoke hasn t spoken to him in years. c) Pattie hasn t feeling hasn t felt OR hasn t been feeling well lately. d) Last year Precious has gone went on her first trip to Disneyland. She loved it! e) Have you been being been sick lately? f) We ve never been having had enough money to take a nice vacation. g) Ali and Fatima have just bought a new home. OK! Change active sentences to passive sentences, and passives to actives. Keep the tense unchanged! Ex: Someone found my wallet in the bushes. My wallet was found in the bushes. 1. Did Ann discover the mistake? - Was the mistake discovered by Ann? 2. A famous author wrote that book. - That book was written by a famous author. 3. That bill won t be paid. - Nobody will pay that bill. 4. By the time I got home, dinner had already been eaten. -----(Don t change DC) ------, they had already eaten dinner. 5. By the time I leave for vacation next month, the house will have been painted. -----(Don t change DC) ------, they will have painted the house. 6. Tommy didn t break the chair. - The chair wasn t broken by Tommy._ 7. Have you ever been interviewed by a newspaper? - Has a newspaper ever interviewed you?_ 8. Has she ever taken a photo of you? -- Has a photo of you ever been taken? 9. The rain was falling heavily. -- Not possible -- 10. Water surrounds an island. - An island is surrounded by water. Short-answer Questions: a) Name three or more reasons to use Passive voice. 1) You don't KNOW who did the action 2) You don't CARE who did the action 3) You want to HIDE who did the action 4) The OBJECT is more important than the person doing the action b) What tense is Passive voice? Any tense! (But some tenses, like past perfect progressive, don't sound good.) b) Describe a test to see if a sentence is Active or Passive. Check the relationship between the subject and the main verb. Did the subject do the verb in other words, is the Subject the Agent? If yes, the sentence is Active. If the Subject did NOT do the action, it s a Passive sentence. 5

c) Can these sentences be Passive? Why or why not? My grandfather died in his own bed. No: there is no Object. I walked the dog around the park. Yes: the dog is the Object of walk. Do ghosts exist? No: there is no Object. EXTRA EXAMPLES!!! Rewrite each sentence using the passive voice. Tell who performed the action only if it is needed. All are possible - and yes, #16 and 17 can be done in 2 different ways! Ex: Someone found my wallet in the bushes. My wallet was found in the bushes. 1. Someone broke my car window. -- My car window was broken. 2. Someone drove them to the airport. -- They were driven to the airport. 3. Someone saw him near the bank. -- He was seen near the bank. 4. Someone gave the children presents. -- The children were given presents. 5. Someone took pictures at the wedding. -- Pictures were taken at the wedding. 6. The guests ate a lot of food. -- A lot of food was eaten. 7. Hundreds of people attended the races. -- The races were attended by hundreds of people. 8. The spectators encouraged the swimmers. - The swimmers were encouraged by the spectators. 9. My sister won the last race. -- The last race was won by my sister. 10. The coach congratulated her. -- She was congratulated by the coach. 11. The judge gave out prizes. -- Prizes were given out. 12. Nobody could open the window. -- The window couldn't be opened. 13. Water surrounds an island. -- An island is surrounded by water. 14. They offered me a great job. -- I was offered a great job. 15. Somebody has already rented the movie. -- The movie has been rented already. 16. I offered my mother a gift. -- My mother was offered a gift. 17. I offered my mother a gift. -- A gift was offered to my mother. 6

Complete the sentence. Use so or such. 1. My son is so excited that he's jumping on his bed. 2. This test is so hard that I'm ready to give up. 3. This tastes so good that I'll eat it all! 4. Mount Hood is such a big place that I'll never see all of it. 5. Skiing is so hard that I can't learn it. 6. PCC is such a diverse school that I've met people from 40 different countries. 7. The book is so interesting I can't put it down. Complete each statement. Use so, so many, so much or such. Ex: The necklace was so expensive that I couldn't afford it. a) There was so much light in the room that I couldn't open my eyes. b) The painting was so beautiful that I wanted to cry. c) There were so many people in the museum that I decided to leave. d) The souvenirs were so expensive that I didn't buy any. e) We saw so many paintings that I can't remember them all. f) It was such a short visit that we didn't have time to see everything. Complete the sentence. Unscramble the words in parentheses. Ex: There were so few chairs that (chairs / few / so / that) most of us had to stand. a) There was so much noise that (noise / much / that / so) I covered my ears. b) The trees were so tall that (tall / that / so) you couldn't see the tops. c) There were so many cars in the street that (many / cars in the street /so / that) none of them could move. d) It was such a sunny day that(sunny / a / day / that / such) we decided to go for a walk. e) We had so little work to do (work to do/ little / so / that) we were bored. f) It was such an awful meal that (that / meal / an / awful /such) we didn't touch our food. Read the first two sentences. Complete the next sentence to have the same meaning. Use as many + count noun or as much + noncount noun. Ex: The living room has four windows. The dining room has two windows. The dining room doesn't have as many windows as the living room. I took five classes last term. I'm taking three classes this term. I'm not taking as many classes this term. 7

Nina needed a lot of help last year. Nina needs very little help this year. Nina doesn't need as much help this year. We had a lot of quizzes last month. This month we have had only two. We aren't having as many quizzes this month. Yesterday there was some confusion about the assignment. Today there is very little. There isn't as much confusion about the assignment today. When I was on vacation I had total freedom. Now I've lost some of it. I don't have as much freedom as I did. Oscar learned 25 new words every week last year. This year he's learning a lot fewer. Oscar isn't learning as many words this year. Articles Ø circles are Ø round geometric figures. A circle with a slash drawn through it is an international symbol meaning "Do not do this!" For Ø example, the circle in the illustration means "No Smoking." Have you met Mr. and Mrs. Smith? Mrs. Smith used to be a teacher, but now she is _ a computer programmer. Mr. Smith is an architect. The Smiths used to live in an apartment, but recently they have built a house. Frank Lloyd Wright is the name of a famous architect. He is the architect Ø who designed the Guggenheim Museum in New York. He also designed a hotel in Ø Tokyo. The hotel was designed to withstand Ø earthquakes. According to today's paper, the mayor has appointed a committee to study what Ø improvements need to be made in the city. The committee, which plans to continue its Ø study through the rest of this year, will discuss the following proposals: first, to build a new sewage disposal plant and second, to create a new park. In the present Ø proposal, the new park would have a swimming pool. 8

Fill in the blanks with a word (or words) from the box. a few few a little little 1. After Steve tasted the soup, he added a little salt. 2. I don t like a lot of salt on my food. I add little salt to my meals. 3. I like to listen to a little music after dinner before I start studying. 4. Are you finished? No, I need a little more time. 5. Are you finished? No, I need a few more minutes. 6. I was hungry, so I ate a few nuts. 7. Because the family is poor, the children have few toys. 8. James has some emotional problems. Because of that, he has few friends. 9. Natasha likes sweet tea, so she usually adds a little honey to her tea. Relative Clauses: Combine the given sentences. Make the more descriptive sentence into the clause. Yellow highlighting = Relative Clause 1. A veterinarian is a doctor. This doctor treats animals. A veterinarian is a doctor that treats animals. 2. Some people own animals. The building doesn t rent to those people. The building doesn t rent to people who own animals. 3. Kelly is opening her own food cart. Kelly is a great cook. Kelly, who is a great cook, is opening her own food cart. 4. Amy is only seven years old. She s already a good musician. Amy, who is only seven years old, is already a good musician. 5. Mary is the only person in the office. The boss like Mary. Mary is the only who the boss likes. (The noun here is person in the office.) 6. We live in such an old house. Its roof leaks when it rains. We live in such an old house that its roof leaks when it rains. (CHAPTER 12 Such/that!) 7. I need to see a lawyer. The lawyer knows about immigration problems. I need to see a lawyer that/who knows about immigration problems. Rewrite the following sentences as ONE sentence using the word "whom" as the object of a Preposition. This might be an Extra Credit question! 1) That s the guy. We were talking about him. That s the guy about whom we were talking. 9

2) The young man comes from Mexico. I work with him. The young man with whom I work comes from Mexico. Correct these sentences if their relative clauses have a mistake. 1. The woman whom lived down the street from me knew everything about the neighborhood. who 2. She knew who s daughter was dating who s son. whose 3. And the old man who lived across from her was someone to who all the kids would go for advice. whom 4. People who living in the area would wave to us and smile as we rode our bikes by. lived 5. Our neighborhood, which it had about 100 people, was one of the smallest. x Restrictive/Non-Restrictive. Add commas if needed. 1. A watch that I bought last month is already broke. NONE 2. My mom, who s a nurse, works too hard. ONLY ONE - comma 3. Jamil, who is the best player on the team, broke his leg. NAME use comma 4. New Seasons, which is based in Portland, is known as a B Corp business.name use comma 5. B Corp businesses,which are for-profit companies,are also socially responsible. ONLY ONE GROUP - comma 6. There aren't many stores that qualify as B Corp businesses around town.none 7. To qualify as a B Corp, companies must be certified by B Lab,which is independently owned.name use comma SOME EXTRA PRACTICE for Relative Clauses. 1. I took a picture of the rainbow. It appeared in the sky after the rain. I took a picture of the rainbow that appeared in the sky after the rain. 2. The Siberian tiger is the most rare tiger. Its fur has brown stripes. The Siberian tiger, whose fur has brown stripes, is the most rare tiger. **NOTICE use whose for its even if the subject is not a human!*** 10

3. The old woman used to sell flowers on that corner. I miss seeing her. I miss seeing the old woman who used to sell flowers on that corner. To do this one correctly, remember that the MAIN ACTION is the main clause. The extra info. becomes a Relative Clause. 4. The koala lives in Australia. The koala is incorrectly called a bear. The koala, which is incorrectly called a bear, lives in Australia. **Use which for a NON-RESTRICTIVE clause.** 5. A few koalas live in the San Diego Zoo. They have had babies. A few koalas that live in the San Diego Zoo have had babies. 6. Where is the student? The student s cell phone is ringing. Where is the student whose cell phone is ringing? 7. Spiders are animals. Spiders have 8 legs. Spiders are animals that have 8 legs. Look out for sentences that make a definition use that! The next 2 are also definitions 8. The $10 bill is different. The $10 bill doesn t have a picture of a President. The $10 bill is the only bill that doesn t have a picture of a President. 9. Cardiologists are doctors. These doctors care for the heart. Cardiologists are doctors that care for the heart. 11