1 Indefinite pronouns Policeman: Hello operator. I thought I heard something inside the factory. I think there s someone inside. Operator: Message received. Can you see anyone or hear anything? Are the lights on anywhere? Policeman: Yes, I can see everything inside the factory. The top secret robots are safe no one has taken them and nothing is missing. Operator: Have you checked everywhere in the building? A robber could be hiding somewhere. Policeman: No, there s nowhere to no, wait, one of the robots is moving! Operator: OK, I ll alert everyone here. We re sending two police cars. Just stay there and tell us everything that happens. Remember! We use indefinite pronouns to talk about people, things and places we don t specifically name. People Things Places someone something somewhere everyone everything everywhere anyone anything anywhere no one nothing nowhere Practice 1 Read and circle. 1 I can hear a noise, I think there s someone / anyone in the house. 2 For homework I have to find out somewhere / something about robots. 3 No one / anyone likes being alone for too long. 4 I haven t packed everyone /everything I need for the school trip yet. 5 Is there anything / anywhere I can help you with? 6 I m sure I buried the treasure something /somewhere round here! 7 I haven t been nowhere /anywhere as beautiful as Paris. 8 I haven t done nothing /anything interesting this holiday. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
1 2 Complete the sentences using indefinite pronouns: anyone anything nowhere anywhere everyone someone 1 I had a huge birthday party and I invited in my class. 2 The tablet is so small you can take it. 3 My keys must be in the house. 4 This game is easy, can learn to play. 5 The closet is too full, you can t put you have in there! 6 The pirates searched for the hidden treasure. 7 When I looked through the microscope I saw strange. 8 It wasn t my fault. There was I could do to stop it. 9 knows exactly how many stars there are in the sky. 10 Did you buy while you were out shopping? 11 I saw going into the museum. everyone everything everywhere something 12 There is to buy eggs. All the shops are closed. no one nothing somewhere 3 Read and complete the riddles. a car my grandfather a notebook a pen a plane a spaceship my brother a mobile phone the Sahara Desert a pen 1 It s something kept in a pencil case that everyone uses to write. 2 This is someone in your family who is older than your parents. 3 It s somewhere very hot and dry located in the North of Africa. 4 You can travel everywhere in the universe in it. 5 This is something you use to communicate with anyone and take everywhere. 4 Make questions using the words provided. Answer the questions. Has anyone in your family got blue eyes 1 anyone / blue eyes? 2 everyone / mobile phone? 3 something / weekend? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
2 Past Perfect When I arrived at the party, my friends had eaten all the food. I missed the bus because I had forgotten to set my alarm clock. We use the past perfect when we want to talk about an earlier time in the past than the time of the narrative. 7:50am 8:30am I had forgotten to set my alarm so I missed the bus. To make the past perfect of the verb, we use had + past participle. I had forgotten He/she had arrived They had eaten Practice 1 Read and match. 1 I arrived late at the theatre a because my brother had already eaten it all. 2 My teacher was happy with me b because I hadn t slept well the night before. 3 I had finished studying c because I had already seen the film. 4 I didn t get a piece of cake d before the I left for the party. 5 Our trainer was very happy that e and the play had already started. 6 I felt tired yesterday f before I started playing computer games. 7 I didn t go to the cinema with my friends g because I had done all my homework. 8 We had decorated the house h everyone had participated in the school olympics. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
2 2 Read and complete. Use the past perfect. What a day! Yesterday was terrible! I woke up late because I had forgotten (1) (forget) to set my alarm clock. When I went to the kitchen my little brother (2) (eat) all the cereals already, so I didn t have time for breakfast. I rushed out of the house to Add small AW picture of boy aged about 12. Looking at his computer which had exploded aw_gb6.2_05]] catch my school bus, but when I got to the bus stop I (3) (miss) it. When I finally arrived at school the lessons (4) (start) and my teacher was not happy with me. After break we had Maths. I opened my school bag to take out my notebook, but I (5) (leave) it at home along with my P.E. kit. It was volleyball day in P.E., my favourite sport, but I couldn t play since I (6) (not bring) my kit. When I arrived home from school I went to do my homework on the computer, but I found that a glass of water (7) (fall) on top of it. I tried to turn it on, but the water (8) (damage) the computer. Luckily, when my mum arrived home she was able to help me. Today has to be a better day! 3 Complete the sentences. Write the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets. had studied visited 1 She (study) English for three years before she (visit) Scotland. 2 My team (win) ten games before we (play) in the championship. 3 He (understand) the film better because he (read) the book. 4 We (prepare) for weeks before we (do) our final presentation. 5 Mary (come) to my house yesterday around 7pm, but I wasn t there. I (go) to my guitar lesson. 6 Tim (not hear) the CD before I (give) it to him. 4 Complete the sentences using the past perfect. because I had slept in 1 I was late. 2 My sister was happy. 3 His arm hurt. 4 I had purple hair. 5 My friend was crying. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
3 Past narrative tenses Last week s school trip was fantastic! We got up early on Thursday, met at school and then travelled by bus to the city farm. The farmers were working in the vegetable garden when we arrived. They showed us around the garden and the barn, but the best part was the tractor ride. We had learned all about community gardens in Science class before we went on the trip. It was great to see a green space in the middle of our city. Remember! The past simple is used for narrative events in sequence. The past continuous is used for a continued action that happens before/after the narrative. The past perfect is used when there are two events in the past, one at an earlier time than the narrative. I woke up. Then I got dressed. While I was going to school, it started to rain. When I arrived at school, the class had begun. Practice 1 Read and circle the correct tense. 1 While I watched / was watching / had watched the television, the telephone rang. 2 I broke / was breaking / had broken my leg while I was playing football. 3 He had / was having / had had a shower and then got dressed. 4 I was late, so when I arrived at the cinema the film started / was starting / had started. 5 As the plane took / was taking / had taken off the lights went out. 6 At the airport we checked in and then went / were going / had gone to departures. 7 When she got to the airport she realised that she left / was leaving / had left her passport at home. 8 They read / was reading / were reading when the train arrived. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
3 2 Read and complete with the correct past narrative tense. went Last year I (1) _ (go) on holiday to Italy with my family. We (2) _ (travel) to the airport by bus. While we (3) _ (check) in, I saw a famous footballer. He was getting on the plane too! I knew who he was because I (4) _ (see) him on TV. The flight attendant (5) _ (look) at our boarding passes and passports before we got on the plane. As the plane (6) _ (take) off I felt very excited. It was my first international flight. When we arrived in Rome, dad (7) _ (find) a trolley for our luggage. Then we (8) _ (take) a taxi to our hotel. In my room I opened my suitcase, but my clothes (9) _ (to be) missing! Somebody in the airport (10) _ (take) my suitcase by mistake. 3 Complete the sentences using the verbs in the box. Use the past narrative tenses. fall forget go play ring see I saw a hot-air balloon 1 While I was on my way to school,. 2 When I opened my bag I realized that. 3 We were playing football when. 4 It started to rain while. 5. 6. 4 Write about one of your most memorable moments. Use the past narrative tenses. 1 What happened? 2 What were you doing when it happened? 3 Where and when did it happen? 4 What had you done earlier that day? 5 What happened at the end? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
4 Passive Present Passive Coffee is grown in South America. Cars are made in factories. The museum is visited by thousands of people every day. Past Passive Manga was created in Japan. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The pyramids were built by the Egyptians a long time ago Making the passive To make the passive, use to be in the present or past followed by a past participle. we don t know who did the action Remember! We use the passive when we don t need to know who did the action it s very clear who does/did the action Practice 1 Read and match. 1 Romeo and Juliet a were made in China. 2 The first Narnia film b is made in factories. 3 Bananas c is celebrated on 31 st October. 4 The first shadow puppets d was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. 5 Chocolate e is held every four years. 6 The World Cup f was written by Shakespeare. 7 The Mona Lisa g are grown in tropical countries. 8 Halloween h was made in 2005. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
4 2 Complete the sentences using the present or past passive. are found 1 Kangaroos (find) in Australia. 2 Oranges (grow) in warm climates. 3 We (tell) to quiet down. 4 The Eiffel Tower (build) in 1887. 5 Jeans (invent) in the USA. 6 Penicillin (discover) in 1929. 7 The Hobbit (write) by J. R. R. Tolkien 8 The first plane (fly) in 1903. 3 Complete the verbs using the past passive. build cut up cover find make need place use visit The pyramids of Egypt (1) over 5,000 years ago as a place to bury kings and pharaohs. The largest one the Pyramid of Giza (2) from 2.3 million blocks of rock. How were these huge blocks carried and built? Thousands of blocks of rock (3) and then ramps (4) to move the rocks around. It is believed that about 20,000 workers built the Pyramid of Giza and that it took around 23 years! The Pharaohs tombs were placed in the pyramids. The walls (5) paintings and treasure (6) there when the pharaohs died. In 1922, when King Tutankhamun s tomb (7), there were more than 5,000 pieces of treasure inside. were built Today the pyramids (8) by thousands of tourists each year. [Add AW Egyptian pyramid maybe show ancient Egyptians carrying stones to build one [aw_gb6.4_03]] 4 Make questions in the present and past passive using the words in the box. How When Where Why Who Where is English spoken 1 English / speak? 2 rice / grow? 3 mobile phones /make? 4 the internet / invent? 5 win / Nobel Peace Prize? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
5 The causative have Director: Hello, Gina. I m just phoning to see if you re all ready to start filming tomorrow. Actress: Hi Steve. Yes, I am. Yesterday I had my hair cut and restyled. Director: Oh you ll look great. Well, we had a special costume made for you as well. Actress: Yes, I know, I had it fitted last week and I love it. Director: Tomorrow before the actual filming there will be a photo shoot. You can have your photo taken in costume. Then we ll have it sent out with the film trailers to promote the new film. Actress: Right. Sounds good. Director: And don t be late Gina. They had the limo repaired last week and it s coming for you at 6am to take you to the location. Actress: Great! See you then. Remember! Use have with the past participle to form the causative. We use the causative have actions which are done for the subject rather than by the subject. subject + have + noun + past participle I have my hair cut She has her photo taken We had a costume made Practice 1 Read and circle. 1 My Dad usually have / has his car washed every week. 2 I have / had my hair cut very short yesterday. 3 The actors have / had their makeup done before they go on stage. 4 For our school play last summer we have / had special costumes made. 5 We always have / had a big cake made for birthday celebrations. 6 My parents have / had our house painted last year. 7 We can t bake the cake at our house, we still haven t had / hasn t had our oven repaired. 8 They don t have / didn t have the curtains cleaned for three years. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
5 2 Read and complete: baked built checked delivered interviewed made painted plaited repaired decorated baked 1 We had a special cake for Tom s party. 2 She s going to have a new dress for the party. 3 We had our faces before we went to the football match. 4 My dad s car broke down so he had it at the garage. 5 If I were rich I would have a house with ten bedrooms. 6 The newspaper had the politician by its best investigative journalist. 7 I have my teeth at the dentist twice a year. 8 My friend Ana had her hair last week. It looks great! 9 My bedroom looks great now. My parents had it. 10 I m going to buy a new laptop online. I ll have it to my house. 3 Write about the changes to the school. Use had and hadn t had. Summerhill School Improvement plan clean all windows paint classrooms repair computers make garden install solar panels design new sports hall She had all the windows cleaned. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 What would you have done to improve your school? Write four sentences. 1 2 3 4 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
6 Reported speech with questions When does the train leave? Excuse me, can you take my picture? He asked if I could take his picture. He wanted to know when the train left. How long is the journey? He asked how long the journey was. Is this your first time backpacking? He wanted to know if this was my first time backpacking. Remember! To report a yes / no question use if. We don t use a question mark with a reported question. Practice 1 Read and circle. Do you like your new school? Where did you use to go to school? Can you speak another language? What are your hobbies? Are you going to join any clubs? Will you go on the class trip? What s your favourite subject? Do you play sport? 1 She asked me if I like / liked my new school. 2 She wanted to know where I use / used / to go to school. 3 She asked me if I could /can speak another language. 4 She asked me what my hobbies are / were. 5 She asked me if I was / am going to join any clubs. 6 She asked me if I would / will go on the class trip. 7 She asked me what my favourite subject was / were. 8 She asked me if I play / played a sport. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
6 2 Circle the mistake in each sentence. Then write the correct word. was 1 He asked me what my name is. 2 He asked me do I came from Earth. 3 He asked me if I can fly. 4 He asked me if I have siblings. 5 He asked me if I speak English. 6 He asked me when my birthday is. 7 He asked me if I can programme a computer. 8 He asked me if I understand his message. 3 Write two more questions the alien asked. Then report the questions. 1? 2 He asked me. 3? 4 He wanted to know. 4 Imagine that you witnessed a robbery on your way to school. Report the questions that the police officer asked you. 1 Did you witness the crime? He asked me if I witnessed the crime. 2 Did you call the police department? 3 Can you identify the suspect? 4 Do you know what time it happened? 5 Do you have any other information? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
7 Reported speech with reporting verbs Jordan: Hey Eric, can your little brother come to the theme park with us on Saturday? Eric: No, my parents refused to let him go. Jordan: Why? Eric: Well, he promised to tidy up his bedroom before football practice. I offered to help him with the vacuuming, but he refused to do any of his chores. Instead, he went to the garden to play outside. While he was playing in the garden, he kicked a ball through one of the living room windows! Jordan: What did your parents say? Eric: I suggested telling the truth, but at first he denied breaking the window. That made the situation worse since they knew it was him. In the end, he promised to do his chores. Remember! Some reporting verbs are followed by the infinitive and others are followed by the gerund. reporting verbs offer promise refuse reporting verbs recommend deny suggest pattern subject + reporting verb + infinitive pattern subject + reporting verb + gerund Practice 1 Read and circle. 1 My teacher offered to open / opening the window. 2 I promised to help / helping my mum with the shopping. 3 My friend refused to play / playing tennis. 4 The thief denied to steal / stealing the money. 5 The dentist recommended to brush / brushing after lunch. 6 My parents suggested to go / going on holiday to the beach. 7 I refused to watch / watching the sad film, I prefer comedies. 8 My grandmother promised to buy / buying me a new bike. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
7 2 Complete each of the sentences with a reporting verb from the box. denied offered promised refused suggested recommended promised 1 I to finish my homework before watching TV. 2 It was really windy in the car so I closing the window. 3 My brother eating all the chocolate, but I knew it was him! 4 It was raining so dad to take us to school by car. 5 I to eat the toast because it was burnt to a crisp. 6 The nurse doing more exercise. 3 Report what the people said using a reporting verb from the box. denied invited offered promised refused suggested Get up and have a shower! Do your homework! told me to get up and have a shower. 1 Mum 2 My teacher You should stay in bed for three days. Why don t you come to the party on Sunday? 3 The doctor 4 My friend I didn t take the money! I ll study hard for the test 5 He 6 She 4 Write sentences about you. My teacher told us to study for the exam. 1 My teacher / tell 2 My parents / offer 3 The doctor / advise 4 My best friend / promise Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
8 First and second conditionals First Conditional Ana: Hi Paul. What are you doing this afternoon? Paul: Well, if it doesn t rain, I ll go to the beach. I ll probably spend the whole afternoon there if the weather is good. Ana: And what will you do if it rains? Paul: If it rains, I ll go to the cinema. Second Conditional Sally: What would you do if you had a lot of money Josh? Josh: Well, if I had a lot of money I would travel round the world. Sally: And where would you go? Josh: I think I would go to a tropical island. I would love to go wildlife spotting. Sally: That would be exciting. Josh: What would you do if you won the lottery, Sally? Sally: I wouldn t spend all the money right away. I would give some away. If I had a lot of money I would travel too. Remember! First conditional will + present tense used for possible future situations Second conditional would + past simple tense used for unreal, imaginary or improbable situations Practice 1 Read and match. 1 If it s sunny tomorrow, a he would buy a new car. 2 If he won the lottery, b I ll tell him you called. 3 If I see Jake, c if we don t study. 4 If she lived on a tropical island, d if the sports centre is open. 5 We ll play tennis e I ll go to the beach. 6 You would visit ancient Egypt f she would sleep in a hammock. 7 We won t pass the test g if I won the lottery. 8 I wouldn t spend all the money h if you travelled back in time. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
8 2 Read and circle. 1 If I pass the test, I will / would be very happy. 2 If she met an alien, she will / would ask to see its spaceship. 3 If it rains / rained tomorrow, we won t have a picnic. 4 They will / would go wildlife spotting everyday if they lived in Ecuador. 5 If you don t study, you won t / wouldn t pass the exam. 6 If you travelled back in time, you will / would visit ancient Greece. 7 I will / would give my family some of my money if I won the lottery. 8 If I saw an alien, I wouldn t / won t run away. 3 Read and complete. Use the first or second conditional of the verbs in the box. be go have help stay travel take visit W b V From: Katy Subject: holiday weekend Hi there! I m making plans for the holiday weekend, but I can t decide what to do. If the weather is nice, will go I (1) to the beach with my cousins. But if it rains, I (2) my grandparents in the county. If I visit my grandparents, I (3) help my grandma bake a pie with the apples from her garden. If we had a longer holiday, our family (4) to Mexico. If we went to Mexico, we (5) a tour of the ancient pyramids and explore the Mayan ruins. If we (6) in a hotel near the beach, we could do lots of adventure sports like sea kayaking or scuba diving. What are you going to do for the holiday weekend? Where will you go if the weather (7) nice? Where would you go if you (8) a longer holiday? Have fun! Katy 4 Order the words to make questions. Ask a friend. 1 tomorrow/ park / the / you / go / Will / sunny / it s / if / to /? Will you go to the park tomorrow if it s sunny? 2 pass / you /exams / if / your / all / will / you / feel / How /? 3 travel / anywhere / If / could / world / you / the / in / would / go / where / you /? 4 You / you / travelled / If / would / space / in / see / what /? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2
9 Future forms: Will and going to Tom: What are you going to do this weekend, Sue? Sue: We re going to have a goodbye party on Sunday for my sister, Lucy. She s leaving to university. I m going to decorate the house. Tom: Cool! Sue: Are you going to come to the party, Tom? Tom: Yes, of course! I think it ll be fun! Tom: I ll go shopping tomorrow and buy her a present. I think I ll give her some oil paints. She s going to study Art, isn t she? Sue: Oh yes, she ll love that. I m sure she ll be pleasantly surprised! Remember! to talk about future plans to talk about decisions made at the moment subject + to be + going to + infinitive We re going to have a party. + will + infinitive I ll answer the phone. to make predictions + will + infinitive She thinks she ll be a doctor in the future. Practice 1 Read and circle. 1 I think I m going to / I ll be a fashion designer when I grow up. 2 I ve studied a lot so I m sure I m going to / I ll pass the test. 3 I m going to / I ll go to summer camp in July. 4 Someone s ringing the doorbell, I m going to / I ll answer it. 5 In twenty years time computers will / are going to be much smaller. 6 We re going to / We ll visit my grandparents at the weekend. 7 I think tomorrow s weather will / is going to be cloudy with some showers. 8 Are you going / Will you go to Emma s party on Friday? Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 1
9 2 Complete the sentences using going to or will. m going to 1 On Saturday I play football in the park. 2 I think I have a cup of coffee. 3 He watch a film later. 4 I think she be a famous composer. 5 My parents take me to my favourite restaurant. 6 I m confident my brother pass his Maths test. 7 My cousin have a baby girl. 8 Tomorrow it rain heavily in mountain areas. 3 Read about Luke and Ellie. Complete the gaps using going to or will. m going to Hi, I m Luke and I m 12 years old. Next year (1) I _ change schools because in September (2) I _ start secondary school. I think it (3) _ be fun. It won t be as boring as primary school because (4) we _ study a lot of different subjects. But I expect (5) we _ have a lot more homework. Hi, I m Ellie, Luke s sister. I m only 16 years old, but I have a lot of plans for the future. When I m 18 (6) I _ go to university. (7) I _ study Science since Biology is my favourite subject. I think (8) I _ going to be a doctor in the future. But before I go to university, (9) I _ take a gap year to travel and go backpacking with my best friend, Megan. (10) We _ visit tons of interesting places together. 4 Write about your plans and predictions for the future. 1 Tomorrow morning I m going to. 2 At the weekend I. 3 This summer. 4 For my future career. 5 In thirty years time. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Page 2