Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) ISS (Prnt) 2313-4410, ISS (Onlne) 2313-4402 Global Socety of Scentfc Research and Researchers http://asrjetsjournal.org/ Integraton of Internet of Thng Technology n Dgtal Energy etwork wth Dspersed Generaton Hnn Y Aye a *, Ohn Zn Ln b * a Lecturer, IT Department, West Yangon Technologcal Unversty, Yangon, Myanmar b Lecturer, Electrcal Department, Yangon Technologcal Unversty, Yangon, Myanmar a Emal: jujue12@gmal.com b Emal: znln007@gmal.com Abstract IoT technology becomes an mportant ssue for boostng the compettveness of ndustralzatons and t can make our daly lfe more comfortable. The electrcty s also not only a backbone of the country s economy but also a key factor for the development of human s lfe. Therefore, the ntegraton of IoT n power sector s one of the soluton to solve the electrcty nterrupton problem and for the relablty ssue. For a better performance and relable supply to customers, the dgtal energy network s requred to operate. In ths paper, the mpact of the ntegraton of IoT technology wth dspersed generaton on power system relablty s analyzed. The amount of energy not suppled to the customer s used to determne the relablty condton. Roybllnton Test System, RBTS bus 2 s used as a test system. Accordng to the results, IoT can enhance the system relablty clearly because of fast and relable data management. Keywords: IoT; SCADA; Power System Relablty; Energy ot Supply; Dgtal Energy etwork. 1. Internet of Thng The Internet of Thngs (IoT) s the nter-networkng of physcal devces, vehcles (also referred to as "connected devces" and "smart devces"), buldngs, and other tems embedded wth electroncs, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectvty whch enable these objects to collect and echange data[1]. IoT s an advanced trend of current and future developments n technology whch can make today s age better n many sectors. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Correspondng author. 164
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 For power sector, dgtal energy network can make more relable power supply to the customers as the smart grd technology. As a concept, the smart grd s a combnaton of an energy generaton, transmsson and dstrbuton network enhanced by dgtal control, montorng and telecommuncatons capabltes[2]. The performance of a smart grd s measurng the ablty of each devce and system s components for nterconnectng and sharng the nformaton wth each other n a fast respond and relable condton.however, dspersed generaton (DG) or embedded generaton become popular, no unversally agreed defnton of what consttutes embedded or dspersed generaton and how t dffers from conventonal or central generaton. Some common attrbutes of embedded or dspersed generaton may be lsted as [3]. It s (1) not centrally planned (by the utlty) (2) not centrally despatched (3) normally smaller than 50 100 MW (4) usually connected to the dstrbuton system. The dstrbuton system s taken to be those networks to whch customers are connected drectly and whch are typcally of voltages from 230/400 V up to 145 kv. By nstallng DGs, t s sure that the system relablty wll be mproved. However, t s necessary to dsconnect the faulted sectons as quckly as possble to supply to the healthy sectons from DGs. Therefore, t s necessary to use automated protectons devces controlled by SCADA system to mprove the relablty of the system. Workng prncple of IoT s shown n fgure1. The major area where IoT deals wth energy management systems s the smart grd. IOT etends the benefts of smart grd beyond the automaton, dstrbuton and montorng beng done by the utltes[4]. The task of the IoT n the feld of electrcal energy ncludes (1) Advanced Meterng Infrastructure (AMI) (2) SCADA (Supervsory Control and Data Acquston) (3) Smart Inverters (4) Remote control operaton of energy consumng devces Fgure 1: Workng prncple of IoT By usng conventonal swtch gears n dstrbuton systems, t takes too much tme to know fault locatons and to dsconnect the faulted lnes. By usng Dstrbuton Automaton System (DAS), the problem can be solved n 165
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 short tme.. Therefore, t s necessary to use automated protectons devces controlled by SCADA system to mprove the relablty of the system. And IOT technology s used n SCADA system. In SCADA system, Remote Telemetry Unt (RTU) s a devce that collects transmts the data to Mater Termnal Unt (MTU). RTUs are equpped wth nput channels for sensng or meterng, output channels for control. The workng prncple of each protecton devces such as dsconnector and crcut breaker (CB) are montored by programmable logc controller (PLC)[5]. In ths paper, the ntegraton of IoT and dspersed generaton on power system relablty s analyzed. 2. Relablty Indces Dstrbuton system s responsble for transferrng electrcal energy to the end users. The outage n the dstrbuton system has a localzed effect compared wth generaton and transmsson sectors. However, analyss of the customer falure statstcs ndcates that the dstrbuton system has the greatest contrbuton to the unavalablty of supply to a customer. In ths paper, to analyze the mpact of protecton system on relablty, followng relablty ndces are used: system average nterrupton frequency nde (SAIFI), system average nterrupton duraton nde (SAIDI), customer average nterrupton duraton nde (CAIDI), energy not suppled nde (ES) and average energy not suppled nde (AES) The equatons of relablty ndces are equaton (1)-(5) [6]. Relablty ndces are typcally computed by utltes at the end of each year by usng hstorcal outage data recorded n dstrbuton outage reports. Ths s mportant because utltes know how ther systems are performng. However, t s less useful when the specfc mpact of varous desgn mprovement optons wsh to be quantfed and compared. To make such comparsons, a model must be developed whch s capable of predctng. SAIFI total number of total number of customer nterruptons customer sserved λ per/year (1) sum of customer nterrupton duraton SAIDI total number of customer U hr/year (2) 166
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 sum of customer nterrupton duraton CAIDI total number of customer nterruptons U hr/year (3) λ ES L a() U MWh/yr (4) AES total energy not suppled total number of customers served L a() U (5) Where L a() s average load demand at load pont and U s outage tme at load pont. Relablty ndces are useful for determnng what a customer can epect n terms of nterrupton frequences and duratons [6]. 3. Test System The test system used n ths paper s RBTS Bus 2 system shown n Fgure 2 [7]. The sngle 11 kv supply pont for RBTS Bus 2 system s justfed by the 20 MW load. The feeders are operated as radal feeders although they can be connected as a mesh through normally open sectonalzng ponts 33kV 27 28 30 31 33 35 F4 26 29 32 34 F3 16 18 21 24 17 19 20 22 23 LP10 LP11 LP12 LP13 LP14 LP15 F2 12 14 13 15 F1 LP8 LP9 1 4 7 10 2 3 5 6 8 1 9 LP1 LP2 LP3 LP4 LP5 LP6 LP7 Fgure 2: Dstrbuton system for RBTS bus 2 Table 1: Feeder types and lengths Feeder Type Length (km) Feeder secton numbers 1 0.6 2,6,10,14,17,21,28,30,34 2 0.75 1,4,7,9,12,16,19,22,24,27,29,32,35 3 0.8 3,5,8,11,13,15,18,20,23,26,3 1, 33,36 167
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 The test system has four feeders and thrty s feeder sectons. Feeder types and lengths are mentoned n Table 1. For calculaton of ndces, the falure of breaker and bus bar can be neglected because the falure raton s so small. The te lne effect s also neglected. The load data and system relablty data s shown n Table 2 and 3. Table 2: Loadng data Feeder Average Load Peak Load (MW) umbers of customers (MW) 1 3.645 5.934 652 2 2.15 3.5 2 3 3.106 5.057 632 4 3.39 5.509 622 Total 12.291 20 1908 Table 3: Relablty and system data Component λ r r p s 33/11 0.015 200 15 1 Transformer 11/0.4 0.015 200 10 1 Transformer 11kv 0.065 5 1 Lnes The λ s falure rate per year per klometer for lnes and falure rate per year for transformers. The r s repar tme n hour. The r p s replacement tme by a spare n hour. The s s swtchng tme n hour. 4. Impact of IoT technology on power system relablty Accordng to the recent researches, t mproves relablty to nstall DG at the most downstream area. Therefore, 2.5 MW DG s nstalled n the te lne of feeder 1 and 2. 3 MW DG s also nstalled n the te lne of feeder 3 and 4. The test system s consdered wth dsconnectng swtches and fuses to protect feeders and lateral lnes. In automaton system usng IoT technology, the swtchng tme s decreased 1hr to 1 mnutes. Repared tme s also 168
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 decreased 5 hours to 0.5hour[4]. Assume that transformer replacng tme s reduced 10 hours to 5 hours. A followng four cases are consdered. Case I : Conventonal system. Case II: Conventonal system and dspersed generaton (DG) Case III: IoT and wthout dspersed generaton (DG). Case IV: IoT and wth dspersed generaton (DG). In fgure 3, the mpact of IoT on ES for each feeder s descrbed n four cases. By comparng case I & III, the mpact of IoT can be seen clearly. By applyng IoT n case III, the amount of energy not supply s decreased for all feeders. In case II and IV, the ntegraton of IoT and DG can be analyzed. In both case, DG s nstalled. However, IoT s not appled n case II. In case IV, the amount of energy not supply to the customer s the lowest and the relablty s the hghest wth the ntegraton of IoT and DG. MWh/yr Fgure 3: Impact of IoT on ES for each feeder Fgure 4: Impact of IoT on SAIDI for system 169
Amercan Scentfc Research Journal for Engneerng, Technology, and Scences (ASRJETS) (2017) Volume 35, o 1, pp 164-170 In fgure 4, the mpact of Iot on System average nterrupton duraton s analyzed for the whole test system. In case III and IV, the duraton of nterrupton per customer s reduced to 0.2027 and 0.1417 respectvely. Usng IoT, the operaton of swtchng devces and control system s tme savng and more relable. 5. Concluson From the results, usng the ntegraton of DGs and IoT system has great mpact on dstrbuton system relablty. IoT reduce the tme for swtchng, restoraton, management and control of the system. Consequently, t can provde more relable dgtal energy market for customers. The nterrupton duraton and the amount of energy not supply can be reduced clearly. In ths paper, an overvew of IoT technology used n the smart grd technology s descrbed. By applyng Internet of Thngs (IoT) technologes, varous ntellgent servces can be provded safely and relably. Moreover, t s one of the most necessary parts of the smart grd and t would be better by IoT technology. IoT wll a soluton to change from conventonal power grd system to smart grd system because t s advantaged and effectve technology for control and data management system. Reference [1] Brown, Erc (13 September 2016). "Who eeds the Internet of Thngs?". Lnu.com. Retreved 23 October 2016. [2] C. Dontzky, O. Roos and S. Sauty l, A Dgtal Energy etwork: The Internet of Thngs & the Smart Grd, Intel Company, [3] ck Jenkns, Ron Allan, Peter Crossley, Danel Krschen and Goran Strbac, Embedded Generaton, The Insttuton of Engneerng and Technology, 2008 [4] Electrc Technology, Internet of thngs and ts applcaton n electrcal power ndustry, 2006 [5] Ohn Zn Ln and Hajme Myauch, DG Potental n Myanmar and Proposed Method to Improve Dstrbuton System Relablty by DGs and SCADA Based Dstrbuton Automaton System, Internatonal conference of electrcal engneerng, 2014, Hong Kong. [6] Roy Bllton and Ronald Allan, Relablty Evaluaton of Power System, ew York, 1984. [7] Ronald Allan, Roy Bllnton, I Sjaref, L.Goel and K.S.So, A Relablty Test System for Educatonal Purpose-Basc Dstrbuton System data and results, IEEE Trans. Power Syst, vol.6, no.2, pp.813-820, May 1991. [8] Ohn Zn Ln, Hajme Myauch., "Relablty Forecastng n Dstrbuton System Consderng Varable Falure Rate: Combnaton of Equpment Inspecton Method and Webull Analyss", Internatonal Revew of Electrcal Engneerng (IREE),2017 [9] Ohn Zn Ln, Hajme Myauch. "Optmal Replacement Tme of Electrcal Components Based on Constant-Interval Replacement Model: Equpment Inspecton Method and Webull Analyss", Energy and Power Engneerng, 2017 [10] Hnn Y Aye and Ohn Zn Ln, Internet of thng technology concentraton on power system relablty mprovement, IJSRISE, 2017. 170