A Bird s Eye View on Internet of Things K. Chandra Sekhara Rao Research Scholar, PG Dept. of Legal Studies and Research, ANU As the IOT advances, the very notion of a clear dividing line between reality and virtual reality becomes blurred, sometimes in creative ways INTRODUCTION Geoff Mulgan Kevin Ashton, the E.D. of Auto ID Labs at MIT was the first person, who introduced the word IOT to the world during the course of PPT for P & G in 1999. IOT is a key part of the Future Internet. Many new opportunities can be foreseen not only for business and marketers but also for the society as a whole. Cognitive IOT technologies will make it possible for business leaders to understand what is happening in the world more deeply. By infusing intelligence into systems and processes, business will be able to not only do things more efficiently, but also to improve customer satisfaction, to discover new business opportunities and to anticipate risks and threats so that they can better deal with them. IOT is an integration of wide variety of smart devices, and influencing human routine towards e-health, e-learning, remote monitoring and surveillance. Similarly, it plays a key role in industries such as automation and intelligent industrial manufacturing, smart logistics smart transportation and so forth. In addition to the IOT, there are Internet of services, 3D Internet, Internet of content and Next Generation Networks. Albeit, it is to be notabane that all these terms should not be regarded as different internets but different aspects of a common Future Internet. In fact, IOT semantically means a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on slandered communication protocols. THE PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF IOT The IOT is key in the digital world of connected living. The futuristic appeal to make life bit more enjoyable in a hectic day-to day routine is enticing to many. According to a study, up to 2016, we have 9 billion smart devices (excluding smart phones, tablets and computers) and is extrapolated to grow 28.1 billion by 2020. By 2025, the value of the IOT will be trillions annually. It is to be notabane that these smart devices can not be seen as specialized devices with intelligence built in but rather as computers which does specialised jobs. Albeit, this can be viewed in the table as cited beneath. [81]
International Conference on Digital Innovation: Meeting the Business Challenges Table 1 Areas Low Estimates, 2025 High Estimates,2025 Total Global $4 trillion $ 11 trillion Factories $ 1.2 trillion $3.7 trillion Cities $0.9 trillion $1.7 trillion Human $ 0.2 trillion $1.6 trillion Retail $0.4 trillion $1.2 trillion Logistics $0.6 trillion $0.9 trillion Worksites $0.2 trillion $0.9 trillion Vehicles $0.2 trillion $0.7 trillion Homes $0.2 trillion $0.3 trillion Offices $0.1 trillion $0.2 trillion Source: Mc Kinsey Global Institute: unlocking the potential of the IOT, 2015. According to MC Kinsey report, there was so much of hype around IOT, which estimates a potential economic impact of $ 11.1 trillion per year by 2025. Like wise, Cisco predicts that there will be over 50 billion connected devices by 2020. Research Scholar, PG Dept. of Legal Studies & Research, ANU. According to World Economic Forum, by 2020, more than 5 billion people will be connected, not to mention 50 billion things. According to GE, Industrial Internet has the potential to add $ 15 trillion to Global GDP over next 20 years. Thus, industry analysts predict the full blown potential of IOT in the never future. IOT APPLICATIONS All industries are not equally receptive to IOT. Manufacturing Transportation, and Retail sectors are early adopters of IOT. Heath care and Banking, where, there are stringent regulations and higher security concerns with respect to IOT adoption, are late entrants. Albeit, the scenario is changing. Faster IOT growth is predicted for Healthcare sector as the benefits out pace the challenges. HEALTHCARE In healthcare domain, IOT has made huge improvements. Remote patient medical monitoring and advanced medical diagnosis is possible by using IOT. Tracking the staff, patients and objects is under control. Identification and authentication of people, automatic data collection and sensing is carried out for remote monitoring of patients from diverse geographical locations. The IOT will be essential in realizing the vision of ambient assisted living. [82]
A Bird s Eye View on Internet of Things RETAIL Retail Industry can be termed as the pioneer in application of IOT with their RFID tracking of Inventory. Sensor to track the retina movements can be determined the layout and placement of specific products in a retail store setting. Personalized promotions, real time in store analytics to enhance customer experience, digital kiosks are other areas with IOT impact. AGRICULTURE Application of drone in the agriculture field will certainly enhance the crop productivity. precision agriculture where multiple sensors can be developed to analyse soil quality. Live stock monitoring sensors can be similar to in stock inventory in retail. MANUFACTURING IOT not only creates a new paradigm on the shop floor, but also would encourage the development of new devices in the automation industry that offer embedded web services. In future, the intelligence and behavior are designed and each application will be programmed individually. Thus the factory can be the robotically factory. PERSONAL AND HOME The Heating systems can be adapted to our preferences and to the weather. The lights can be changed and adjusted according to the daytime and night time. With the appropriate monitory and alarm systems, the incidents and burglaries can be decreased or avoided. Energy costs can be lowered by automatically switching off the electrical equipment when they are not being used. AUTOMATION Sensors and embedded systems play role in the automotive industry. It can also be called as Internet of Vehicles When detecting the hazards, these Internet of Vehicle can deliver and generate the accurate and correct messages containing a description to the car owners, Insurance companies and people, who need these data. TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS Due to IOT, it is possible to track the location and the status of an objects throughout the full product life-cycle and throughout the supply chain. Sensors can be used to [83]
International Conference on Digital Innovation: Meeting the Business Challenges make sure that the products were never exposed to damaging environment. On the other side, the green transportation can be realized. Thus IOT can be useful to quite a good number of other sectors and fields. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES TO IOT It can be broadly divided into 2 categories: Technological problems and privacy-problems. TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEM According to ISTAG and European Commission: 1. Edge Technologies, such as sensors and actuators, passive or active RFID tags, embedded systems, making devices that are attached to real-world objects smart enough to participate in IOT application scenarios; 2. Networking technologies, such as fixed, mobile, wired and wireless networks, allowing the highly available bi-directional communication o different levels; 3. Middleware systems and service oriented architectures putting real world Data in to the context of various IOT applications; 4. Platform services ensuring scalability, high availability and the safe and secure execution of the requested functionalities; 5. Web service technologies making information and services available while reducing interoperability issues and enhancing extensibility, platform independence and standardized exchange of messages. PRIVACY PROBLEMS In the IOT vision, every object has a virtual component which can produce and consume services. Such extreme interconnection will bring unprecedented convenience and economy, but it will also require novel approaches to ensure its safe and ethical use. People may experience a feeling of lost control as IOT implications create data largely invisible and unnoticeable manners. Additionally, automatic decisions may results from control shifting towards devices and algorithms. Depending on the application, some people may find this desirable or beneficial while others may not. [84]
A Bird s Eye View on Internet of Things OTHER PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES 1. Data Storage and Analytics: A challenge for producers of IOT applications is to clean, process and interpret the vast amounts of data which is gathered by the sensors. Another challenge is the storage of this bulk data. 2. Security: Concerns have been raised that the IOT is being developed rapidly sans appropriate consideration of the profound security challenges involved and the regulatory changes that might be necessary. 3. Intentional Obsolescence of Devices: The Electronic Frontier Foundation raised concerns that most of the companies are using internationally the obsolescence of devices. 4. Confusing Terminology: In this regard, Kevin Lonergan pointed out that the terms surrounded by IOT as a Terminology Z00. He commented that lack of clear terminology is not useful from a practical point of view and a source of confusion for the end user. 5. Lack of Interoperability and Unclear Value Propositions: Mike Farley, while arguing in Forbes commented that Instead of convincing consumers that they need complex system to serve needs they don t have, we should fix real problems people struggle with every day. 6. Lack of Solid Business Models: Studies on IOT divulged that a disproportionally strong prominence of technology in the IOT projects, which are often driven by technological interventions rather than business model innovation. SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION Thus beyond any skepticism that IOT is an upcoming technology that takes advantages of Internet to control or monitor devices, automobiles and other physical objects connected to the Internet. It gives users the ability to control more than digital things easily over the internet. Albeit, the connected customer experience is critical for the companies and in turn the companies can make advantage of these data in the new product development. The marketing power of the IOT is connectively for better customer interactivity. Although, the technology of IOT is still developing, a lot of pioneers in the market already started to use this new technology. Further, there should be a standardised definition for IOT at worldwide is needed. Like-wise, universal standardizations are required in architectural level. Technologies are varying from vendor to vendor, so that needs to be interoperable. For better global governance, we need to build slandered protocols. Laws should be put in place to [85]
International Conference on Digital Innovation: Meeting the Business Challenges ensure that the manufactures be held accountable for following and implementing security best practices in their devices. IOT devices certification for security by National or International Regulatory Bodies can help promote security awareness to device manufactures, vendors and end users. Cyber Insurance shall be made mandatory for commercial and private users of IOT devices to their cover 1 st and 3rs party liabilities. This can be a vital tool in reducing the cyber risk. Thus, if the providers and users can utilize the IOT with a true letter and spirit under the constant surveillance of the Statutory Regulatory Body appointed by the government, the IOT will be a boon or else, it will be a bane. Before epilogue, it is an apt to quote here the buzz words: By letting the IOT devices into our everyday life, it is not like we entered the zoo, but we released the animals in to our world REFERENCES Csaba Gabor B. [1] Akzori, L,Lera, A and Morabito, G.(2010) The Internet of Things: A survey computer networks, 54, 2787-2805 [2] Haller, S. Karnouskos, S. and Schroth C.(2009): The Internet of Things in an Enterprise Context [3] Green, H. (2015). Cognitive IOT: Making the Internet of Things Deliver for All of Us. [4] Kevin Bendict, Moneyball, Big Data, the Internet of things and Enterprise Mobility, March, 2012. [5] Christopher J. Buchaltz (2012): Customers, Big Data and the IOT. [86]