Ver: 27/08/14 APA @ Conestoga What has changed? Fall 2014/Winter 2015
Changes to Overall Paper Formatting Font Times New Roman, 12 pt Arial, 12 pt Header Title page Header on title page is different from other pages: include the words Running head: before the title (in CAPS) and page number flush right page 1 only all other pages have only the title (in CAPS) plus the page number limit the header title to 50 characters including spaces Limited information: title, author, institutional affiliation Header is the same for all pages: title of the paper in CAPS - positioned flush left page number positioned flush right keep the header title short enough that it doesn t run into the page number More information: title, student name, student number, course code and/or name, course instructor, assignment due date Title length Title: 12 word maximum Title: no maximum
Changes to Overall Paper Formatting Cont d Title on the first page of text (i.e. Page 2) Title is included before the first line of text (in addition to the title in the header). No title is included before the first line of text. Reference & appendix/ces labels & titles References title and appendix/ces labels and titles are formatted differently from headings in the rest of the paper. do not use bold font These titles and labels are formatted as Level 1 headings. Using abbreviations in text If the abbreviation is in the Merriam- Webster dictionary, do not write out the full term. e.g. IQ - not Intelligence Quotient Always write out terms the first time they are used -- with the abbreviation in brackets immediately following. For subsequent mentions, use the abbreviation. e.g. His Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was assessed. The IQ score
Changes to Citations Authors Paraphrases: page/paragraph numbers Inclusion of author name(s) changes according to number of authors: 1 or 2 authors: always include author(s) 3-5 authors: initial and subsequent uses change 1 st use: include all authors subsequent: 1 st author + et al. 6+ authors: always 1 st author + et al. APA states that for paraphrases, you are encouraged to provide a page or paragraph number (APA, 2010, p. 171). Inclusion of author name(s) changes according to number of authors: 1 or 2 authors: always include author(s) 3+ authors: 1 st author + et al. Always include a page or paragraph number for paraphrases. Quotations of 40 words or more: period placement The period goes before the citation. e.g. blah. (Author, year, p. #) Always place the period after the citation. e.g. blah (Author, year, p. #).
Changes to Citations Cont d Personal Communication & Material on econestoga Citing the same source more than once in the same paragraph For class material on D2L/eConestoga, treat it as personal communication because it isn t retrievable by the general public. Include the date for only the first narrative citation when the same source is cited subsequently in narrative format in the same paragraph without interruption by parenthetical citation. Material on D2L/eConestoga is considered retrievable by the marker. cite: use Author, year, p./para # reference: format depends on category - previously published or original material Sources that cannot be retrieved will continue to be cited as personal communications but not included in the reference list. e.g. interviews, discussions, class notes, phone conversations add the type of communication in square brackets Always include the date in a citation.
Changes to References: Applicable to All Electronic & Print Sources Authors Title of source Edition numbers & superscript Inclusion of author name(s) changes according to number of authors 1-7 authors: include all 8+ authors: include first 6 authors + ellipsis + last author Capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word of the Subtitle, and any proper nouns i.e. Sentence style capitalization. Exceptions include journal titles and titles of books with individually-authored chapters. Do not superscript edition numbers. e.g. (2nd ed.) Include all authors, regardless of number. Capitalize all titles with Title Style Capitalization. Use MS Word default which superscripts ordinal numbers. e.g. (2 nd ed.)
Changes to References: Applicable to All Electronic & Print Sources (Cont d) Indicating page numbers for source material with a range of pages Use pp. before the page range of print newspapers, reference texts, & chapters in books. Do not use pp. for the page range of journal articles & magazines. Do not use pp. before the page range of any source. Italics for journal volume number Use italics for journal volume but not issue. e.g. 40(7) Use italics for both journal volume and issue. e.g. 40(7)
Changes to References: Electronic Sources Title of website documents DOIs & retrieval statements Retrieval date for electronic sources APA says that stand-alone website document titles are italicized; documents that are part of a greater whole are not. Provide a DOI when available. if no DOI provided, check CrossRef.org to obtain a DOI if no DOI is found, find the journal/ book/report publisher s homepage URL, and include it in a retrieval statement if journal is no longer published, use the database name and accession number, and include it in a retrieval statement Use the date if the source material is likely to change. Always italicize the title of website documents. Provide a DOI when available. it is not necessary to check CrossRef.org to obtain a DOI if no DOI is provided on the article, use one of 2 options, dependent on how the document was obtained 1) database resources: use the database name + the word database in a retrieval statement. 2) Internet resources: use the full URL in a retrieval statement Always include the retrieval date for all electronic sources unless there s a DOI.
Changes to References: Electronic Sources (Cont d) URLs for web documents Retrieval statements for reports, blogs, and forums Use the homepage URL if it is easy to find the web document from the website homepage. Otherwise, use the web document s full URL. Break the URL before punctuation if it is necessary to break it. APA Blog suggests removing hyperlink on URLs in hardcopy documents while retaining the hyperlink in documents submitted electronically. Reports: include the agency name in the retrieval statement unless it is clearly identified as the author. Blogs, forums, etc.: include the name of the website in the retrieval statement if this information is not part of the URL. For information that spans multiple pages relating to one main topic, find the starting page for that main topic, which often has a menu list. Use that page s URL in your reference entry. Let MS Word break the URL. Do not remove hyperlink (MS Word default). Use only the URL and retrieval date in the retrieval statement.
Changes to References: Electronic Sources (Cont d) Grey literature - now known as Reports and Other Official Documents documents published by governments, NGOs, corporations, & organizations The previous formula: Author, A. (year). Title of work (Report No. xxx) [Description of form]. Retrieved month day, year, from http://www.xxxxx Author, A. (year). Title of Work [Description of document]. Retrieval statement including URL OR Retrieval statement including database name. NB: Include as much information as is available to identify the source.
Changes to References: Course Material on econestoga Course material on D2L / econestoga These are personal communications if they are not available to the public. Do not reference. If material is on D2L/eConestoga and is accessible by the marker, it is treated as a retrievable reference. Previously Published Material (i.e. journal articles, book chapters, content publically available on the Internet) Reference according to source type; ignore the fact that it is in a student portal. [Reference information should be provided by instructor.] Original Course Material (i.e. instructorcreated presentations, lecture notes, etc.) Formula Author, A. (Year). Title of Presentation or Lecture [PowerPoint slides, Presentation slides, or Lecture notes]. Retrieval statement including name of student portal.
Changes to References: Print Sources Publishing location for print material For locations within the United States, use the City + the State s postal abbreviation. For locations outside the United States, use the City + Country. Always use City + Country. e.g. Toronto, Canada e.g. New York, United States
Examples of Changes to Electronic References: Journal Articles APA @ Conestoga Mahalakshmi, M. M., Bhavadharini, B., Maheswari, K., Anjana, R. M., Shah, S. S., Akila, B., Choudhury, M., Henderson, M., Desborough, L., Mohan, V., & Ranjani, H. (2014). Clinical Profile, Outcomes, and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Among Indian Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Seen at a Diabetes Center in South India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 18(3), 400-406. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.131205 Changes 1. List all authors, regardless of number. 2. All titles are in Title Case. 3. Volume and issue numbers are both in italics.
Examples of Changes to Electronic References: Journal Articles (Cont d) APA @ Conestoga Example with URL Skiffington, S., Washburn, S., & Elliot, K. (2011). Instructional Coaching: Helping Preschool Teachers Reach Their Full Potential. Young Children, 66(3), 36-41. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http://www.naeyc.org/files/yc/file/201105/teachers_full_potential_onlinem ay2011.pdf Changes 1. List all authors, regardless of number. 2. All titles are in Title Case. 3. Volume and issue numbers are both in italics. 4. If there is no DOI for Internet resources, use the full URL in a retrieval statement. 5. Always include the retrieval date in the retrieval statement for any electronic source unless there is a DOI. 6. Allow MS Word to place the URL where it wants. 7. Retain hyperlinks.
Examples of Changes to Electronic References: Journal Articles (Cont d) APA @ Conestoga Example with Database Name Beaty, L. A., & Alexeyev, E. B. (2008). The Problem of School Bullies: What the Research Tells Us. Adolescence, 43(169), 1-11. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from CINAHL database. Changes 1. List all authors, regardless of number. 2. All titles are in Title Case. 3. Volume and issue numbers are both in italics. 4. If there is no DOI for database documents, include the database name in front of the word database, with no accession number, in a retrieval statement. 5. Always include the retrieval date in a retrieval statement for any electronic source unless there is a DOI.
Example of Changes to Electronic References: Web Documents APA @ Conestoga Example Tibbits, J. (n.d.). President s Welcome. Retrieved July 16, 2014, from http://www.conestogac.on.ca/about/welcome.jsp Changes 1. Date a. If no publication date is visible, use the copyright date. b. If there is no copyright date, use the abbreviation (n.d.) meaning no date. 2. Italicize title. 3. Use Title Case. 4. Always include the retrieval date in a retrieval statement. 5. Use the full URL for a single page or the starting page URL for content spanning multiple pages relating to one topic. 6. Allow MS Word to place the URL where it wants. 7. Retain hyperlinks.
Example of Changes to Electronic References: Reports & Other Official Documents APA @ Conestoga Example Statistics Canada. (2013). National Household Survey (NHS), 2011: Language Use in the Workplace in Canada [Catalogue No. 99-012-X-2011003]. Retrieved July 3, 2014, from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-012- x/99-012-x2011003_2-eng.pdf Changes 1. Italicize title. 2. Use Title Case. 3. Include a description of the document in square brackets after the title [i.e. Fact sheet, Press release, Report No. #, Catalogue No. #]. 4. Always include the retrieval date in a retrieval statement. 5. Use the full URL for a single page or the starting page URL for content spanning multiple pages relating to one topic. 6. Allow MS Word to place the URL where it wants. 7. Retain hyperlinks.
Example of Changes to Print References: Books APA @ Conestoga Examples Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. C. (2013). Nurse s Pocket Guide: Diagnoses, Prioritized Interventions and Rationales (13 th ed.). Philadelphia, United States: F. A. Davis. Fetzer, S. J., & Castelein, P. (2010). Vital Signs. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, J. C. Ross-Kerr, & M. J. Wood (Eds.), Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing (4 th ed., 493-539). Toronto, Canada: Elsevier Canada. Changes 1. Use Title Case for all titles. 2. Allow MS Word to superscript. 3. Do not use pp. to indicate page range for any source (electronic & print). 4. Always use City, Country for publisher information.
Examples of Changes to Electronic References: Course Material on econestoga APA @ Conestoga Previously Published Material Reference the source in its original format; ignore the fact that it is in a student portal. Original Course Material Lester, A. (2014). Canadian Society During the 80s [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved July 3, 2014, from econestoga. Changes 1. Any course material on D2L/eConestoga is treated as a retrievable reference. 2. Italicize title. 3. Use Title Case. 4. Retrieval statement is appropriate to category: previously published or original.
The Writing Service Appointments one-to-one small groups APA INFO (drop-in) Online Resources handouts tutorials
References American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.). Washington, United States: Author. American Psychological Association. (2013). APA Style Guide to Electronic References (6 th ed.). Washington, United States: Author.