The Zete Style Guide {versin 3.2, Nvember 2012} Editr s Nte Zete is an interdisciplinary bridge, between the study and reflectin f writers and the cncerns (plitical, spiritual, psychlgical, philsphical... ) f readers. We are always lking fr writers wh can cnnect what they are learning and explring with what intelligent, well-educated, reflective readers may be wndering abut r what these readers may be ready t wnder abut. We welcme a wide range f vices, including the wrk f independent schlars and writers; explratry pieces by established schlars and writers; and prmising student wrk. We are mst interested in essays, papers and reviews that take a generalist perspective and span mre than ne discipline, but we are als pen t papers that advance schlarship in a given field. All submissins shuld extend an pen hand t readers f all kinds, ideally allwing fr mutual interdisciplinary grwth. Please expect edits n yur piece t that effect. We ask writers t submit manuscripts in Micrsft WORD and t include with their submissins a brief bi and a summary f the submissin. Ideally, the summary shuld state: what the piece is abut, hw it addresses its subject(s), and why the piece may be f interest t readers. These summaries are f great help t the members f the Zete editrial cllective, and they can als help writers, and their readers. After yur paper has been accepted fr publicatin and cnfirmed fr inclusin in a specific issue, tw t three steps remain: revisin (if called fr), cpyediting and layut. Alng the way: 1. At least tw members f the Zete editrial cllective will read yur paper (a.k.a., article/essay/review), and a lead editr will respnd t yu (either by e-mail, phne r in persn), specifying any revisins that are requested. These culd invlve, fr example: expanding particularly interesting parts f the piece; reducing ther segments; develping paragraphs that help readers understand the verall argument r structure f the paper, r its relevance; adding supprting material; reducing r explaining technical terms; imprving clarity and flw. Yu shuld have at least tw weeks t respnd t any requests fr revisin. 2. After any revisins are cmplete, the tw editrs will check grammar, punctuatin, and spelling; scrutinize yur ntes; and make suggestins t shrten, simplify r clarify any thrny sentences.
Suggestins will be made with the WORD tracking functin s that yu can decide whether t accept, reject, r mdify the prpsed changes. Yu will have apprximately ne week t respnd t the cpyediting suggestins, and it will be yur final review f yur manuscript. Please nte: Writers have the final say regarding any and every revisin r change. If, in the extreme, yu insist n using a nn-standard spelling r a particular apprach t punctuatin, the chice (and respnsibility) are yurs. Thrughut the editing and prductin prcess, watch yur e-mail fr any last-minute queries frm Zete editrs. Questins inevitably arise, and yur prmpt respnses will help t maintain schedules. 3. Using yur respnses, the cpyeditr will input the final changes and prepare the final versin f yur paper fr cnversin int the Zete page design. A member f the Zete cllective will prfread the final versin f the paper. 4. If after the piece is published yu r readers shuld find errrs, they can be easily crrected. A beauty f electrnic publishing. We have allwed, even encuraged, writers t subsequently add afterwrds. Substantial revising: less appealing. An Aside t Zete Reviewers This guide was put tgether particularly fr cntributrs t Zete s biannual issues, and ges int details (e.g., regarding ftntes and bibligraphies) that need nt cncern yu. Yu may, hwever, find varius useful tips in the sectin n cpy-editing Specifics nt t far belw. PS We welcme crrectins, suggestins and additins t this guide. Please e-mail zetejurnal@gmail.cm. Zete Style 3.1 2
Text Preparatin General Yur careful attentin t cntent preparatin in accrdance with the Zete standards described here will enhance the quality and prfessinalism f the final prduct and, perhaps, the reputatin f and the impact f Zete. The Zete mantra: We are lking t publish pieces written fr a generalist intellectual audience. Often this will invlve a writer with a particular fcus cnstructing a bridge s as t engage readers new t her r his particular field r set f fields. Zete is using The Chicag Manual f Style [CMS], 15th ed. and the Merriam Webster Cllegiate Dictinary, 11th ed. A few exceptins are nted belw, where yu will als find specific examples f varius frms f citatins. Nt all pieces need require ftntes r a bibligraphy, and indeed in writing fr a generalist audience it may be best t avid an verly specialized apprach. This is nt t say we are ppsed t schlarly pieces that are carefully ftnted r that ffer extensive bibligraphies. Such materials, hwever, require meticulus attentin. And it is much mre difficult t lcate bibligraphic infrmatin in the editing stage than it is t include it during the creatin stage. It is the writer's respnsibility t btain permissin t use any materials that may be subject t cpyright restrictins. These may include lengthy citatins frm petry and any phtgraphs r ther illustrative material. In such cases writers need t prvide Zete written evidence that they have btained permissin frm any cpyright hlders. In additin, illustrative material needs t be transmitted in a frm that is easily and accurately transferable t the Zete frmat (i.e., electrnic but als t be printed ut). Specifics (in alphabetic rder) Abbreviatins Cuntries and ther acrnyms d nt. E.g. CIA, EU, UK, UN, US, UK, UNICEF. In citatins, use tw-letter pstal cdes fr states (Durham, NC: Duke University Press). N state needs t be given fr well-knwn lcatins (Chicag, New Yrk, Bstn, Philadelphia, Baltimre) r if the state appears in the publisher s name (Minneaplis: University f Minnesta Press). In names, there is a space between initials: R. W. B. Lewis (but LBJ, JFK) Zete Style 3.1 3
Mst acrnyms shuld be spelled ut in first usage; thereafter, use the acrnym. Exceptin: U.S.: When used as a nun, spell ut; as an adjective, use acrnym. D nt include Ltd., Inc., r C. in publisher names. Capitalizatin Specific infrmatin is capitalized, general nt: the senatr, but Senatr Mynihan east, but the East, Eastern thught Fr a qute in running text, cap the first wrd in the qutatin when it is set ff with a verb f speech r f writing (As X explains [remarked, said, wrte], When... ). D nt cap if syntactical part f sentence and preceded by a cnjunctin (X explains that when... ). Fllw CMS 6.64 fr capitalizatin after a cln. Details Use scare qutes sparingly t highlight a wrd fr emphasis r irny, per CMS 7.58. See Emphasis belw. Emphasis In qutatins, added emphasis must be distinguished frm emphasis in riginal. In parentheses after citatin r in a ftnte write emphasis mine r italics in riginal," r sme variatin n these expressins. If quted authr uses italics fr emphasis, quting authr might use underscring fr her r his additinal emphasis. When using a wrd irnically, use qutatin marks t set it ff: e.g., distinguishing between true and false religin. Nte that using s-called eliminates the need fr qutatin marks: in a civilized sciety; but, in a s-called civilized sciety. Extracts Set ff prse extracts f mre than fifty wrds. Cap beginning f all extracts, unless the first line f the extract text is a syntactical part f the lead-in the sentence. It is nt necessary t bracket the capitalizatin f the first letter if it was lwercase in the riginal. Freign Languages (including Latin) Italics unless the wrd has entered standard usage in the English language (check in Webster s). E.g., en masse, inter alia, détente, cia nt italicized. Fr less cmmn wrds and expressins, as apprpriate prvide English translatins, r glsses, immediately after the freign text appears. Zete Style 3.1 4
Illustratins and Figures Place any graphic material (phtgraphs, illustratins, tables, figures, charts, diagrams) directly in the manuscript where yu wuld like them t appear. Please prvide any desired captin text fr each illustratin r figure. Please prvide credit line text as needed, particularly fr phtgraphs. If needed under a figure, prvide a number with the captin. In text, refer t a figure as see figure 1. In a nte, abbreviate: See fig. 1. Nn-sexist language Prnuns. Fr cases in which the gender f a persn referred t is unknwn, a number f different strategies may be emplyed. In a lng text a writer might alternate between referring t the unknwn as she r he. Or the prnun s/he may be used. Or the prnun may be eliminated. E.g.: Instead f "a yung child needs t learn t feed and dress himself," ne might write, "A yung child needs t learn t eat and get dressed withut help", r, using a plural cnstructin, "Yung children need t learn t feed and dress themselves". When writing abut bth wmen and men, avid the use f "man" and ther wrds with masculine markers. E.g.: instead f "mankind": humanity, peple, human beings; instead f man-made: synthetic, manufactured, machine-made; instead f the cmmn man: the average persn, rdinary peple; instead f man-hurs, staff-hurs. Avid the use f "man" in ccupatinal terms when persns hlding the jb culd be either male r female. E.g.: instead f "chairman": chair, crdinatr (f a cmmittee r department), mderatr (f a meeting), presiding fficer, head; instead f "businessman": business executive, business persn; instead f "fireman": firefighter. And similarly: mail carrier, flight attendant, plice fficer. Avid adding a reference t gender in regard t jbs that histrically have been dminated by ne gender r the ther. Instead f "male nurse" r "wman dctr": nurse r dctr. Numbers and Dates Spell ut all cardinal numbers ( ne thusandth f a cent ) and all rdinal numbers t 100 ( seventy-six trmbnes ). Fr large numbers mix numeral and descriptr (2 billin); similarly with percent (5 percent). Spell ut centuries: twenty-first century. Numerals fr decades (in the 1930s; frm the 1950s nward). Use mnth-day-year presentatin (Octber 20, 2000; March 15 t April 20, 2001). Zete Style 3.1 5
Use apstrphe with shrtened years (in the 67 electin; as in 56; in the 1960s and 70s). Fr page numbers, see CMS 9.64 fr the inclusive style: 13 14; 96 117; 236 37; 100 1123; 1103 35. Arabic numerals and lwercase fr chapters, parts, and s n ( in part 1, after chapter 3 ) in running text. Fr dllars: $6,000. Fr time: 1:00 am; 3:20-4:00 pm; five clck in the mrning. N perids fr am and pm. Fr epchs: BC and AD, r BCE and CE: authr s chice; n perids in any case. Fr ages use numerals: the 4-year-ld by; he was 4 years ld. Punctuatin Cmmas Serial cmmas: in a list f three r mre, always use a cmma befre the cnjunctin (Jane, Lucy, and Jhn; r, Mary, Helen, Jane, Lucy, r Jhn) Dashes (as ppsed t hyphens) N-dash (Use en dash with n space either befre r after) Fr inclusive years, mnths, hurs, page numbers (in text, use wrds nt dashes). Examples: 1998 2046 (but frm 1998 t 2046 in text) January March (but frm January t March in text) 3:00 4:00 (but between 3:00 and 4:00) pages 8 10 Jhn 4:3 6:2 In place f a hyphen fr cmpund adjectives, where ne element cnsists f tw wrds r f a hyphenated wrd. New Yrk Lndn flight pst Civil War perid quasi-public quasi-judicial bdy, but: nn-english-speaking cuntries M-dash (Use em dash with n space either befre r after) Zete Style 3.1 6
Fr setting ff a phrase r clause (envirnmental betterment idealistically, anyway is achievable) Ellipses Use fr missin f a wrd, phrase, line, paragraph, r mre frm a quted passage. N ellipses befre extracts; after extracts see these examples f hw t use ellipses withut r with ther punctuatin: With n perid: Je said he lved... well, anyway. With a perid, when the last part f a sentences is mitted: Je said he lved it, and I.... Well, anyway. With a perid, when the mitted part fllws a cmplete sentence: On the ther side, the cnservative party is timid and merely defensive f prperty.... It des nt build.... With a cmma: Je said he lves Lucy, Jane, and her..., and yu knw hw that is. Ellipses may be used between paragraphs in a multi-paragraph extract. D nt use the ellipses special character insert; instead use perids and spaces as needed. E.g.... Hyphens fr cmpund wrds, lk up in Webster s. If nt there, usually n hyphen. Anti smetimes takes a hyphen. Exceptin: antiterrrism Nn des nt use a hyphen (nnaligned, nncnfrmist, nndescript, nnfeasance) Qutatin Marks Zete fllws the CMS style, placing perids and cmmas inside clsing qutatin marks and clns semiclns, questin marks, and exclamatin marks utside (unless part f the qute). See CMS 6.8 6.10. Slidus Avid and/r ; chse ne r the ther. That / Which That is restrictive; which is nn-restrictive. Example: Zete Style 3.1 7
The huse that is painted pink has just been sld. The huse, which is painted pink, has just been sld. In the first case, the clause that is painted pink is a restrictive clause because it limits the scpe f the wrd huse, indicating that the writer des nt mean any huse, nly the ne that has been painted in that particular clr. If s/he takes that clause ut, all that s left is "the huse has just been sld"; the reader n lnger knws which huse is being referred t and the sentence lses sme crucial infrmatin. In the secnd example the clause is nn-restrictive; the writer is giving additinal infrmatin abut a huse s/he s describing; the clause "which is painted pink" is here parenthetical. The writer is saying by the way, the huse is painted pink as an additinal bit f infrmatin that is nt essential t the meaning and culd be taken ut. Wrds as Wrds When referring t wrds as the wrds themselves, use qutatin marks t set apart: e.g., the terms "witchcraft" and "magic" became ppular... Ftntes, Endntes and Bibligraphies General Zete is pen t a range f appraches t citing surces and t presenting bibligraphic infrmatin. Which apprach t use will depend in large part n the style and bjectives f the piece in questin. A thught piece r review essay might have n citatins r bibligraphy, while a research paper might need careful citatins, and anther piece might have an anntated bibligraphy as a way f recmmending related wrks t readers. Zete editrs are prepared t dialgue with cntributrs regarding the best apprach t chse. Amng the chices is whether t use ftntes, endntes, nne r bth, and whether t use full citatins in the ntes, r shrt citatins in the ntes accmpanied by a Wrks Cited sectin at the end f the piece. Belw yu will find guides t preparing full citatins fr ntes and als t preparing bibligraphies. We wuld like t think that, amng ther things, yu will find useful the many specific examples which may serve as mdels fr yur wn references. In general Zete fllws The Chicag Manual f Style, 15 th editin, and uses the humanities style fr ntes and bibligraphy. Zete Style 3.1 8
Full Citatin Preparatin (ne apprach) N.B.: All the examples given are fr ftnte/endnte citatin. Avid placing nte numbers in the middle f a sentence. Present full citatin at first mentin in a paper; use surname(s) and shrt title thereafter, r ibid. fr a sequence f individual repeated references. Exceptin: If the paper is a clse reading f ne r tw literary wrks, give full citatin in a ftnte at first mentin, with the ntatin hereafter cited in text. If necessary, als intrduce an abbreviatin fr the title that will appear in the in-text citatin with the page numbers. Include tw-letter state abbreviatin fr lesser-knwn lcatins r if there culd be cnfusin (as with Cambridge, MA). D nt include Ltd., Inc., r C. in publisher names. In jurnal citatins, if vlume number is in Rman, change t Arabic. Please make sure that all available infrmatin n vlume and issue numbers, dates, and pages is included. If citing an entire paper, please prvide the page spread, but if citing a qute, the exact page number is needed. Specific examples f full citatins Bks Bernard Prter, Britannia s Burden: The Plitical Evlutin f Mdern Britain (New Yrk: Rutledge, 1994), 359. Vila Mitchell, The Histrian as Prphet (Chicag: Blackstne Publishers, frthcming; Vila Mitchell, The Histrian as Prphet (frthcming) [if publisher is unknwn]; d nt guess at year. Virgil Thmsn, Cage and the Cllage f Nises, chapter 8 in American Music (New Yrk: Hlt, Rinehart, and Winstn, 1971), 15. Particular Vlume Abdel-Malek, Civilisatins and Scial Thery, vl. 1 f Scial Dialectics (Lndn: Macmillan, 1981). Subsequent Editins W. B. Yeats, A Visin, 2nd ed. (Lndn: Macmillan, 1937), 25. Zete Style 3.1 9
Halsey Stevens, The Life and Music f Béla Bartók, rev. ed. (New Yrk: Oxfrd University Press, 1964), 128. Reprint Editin C. L. R. James, 1963 Appendix, in The Black Jacbins: Tussaint L Ouverture and the San Dming Revlutin (1938; repr., Lndn: Allisn and Busby, 1980), 414 15. Part f Bk Kenneth Ramchand, The Lst Literature f the West Indies, in Kenneth Hall and Dennis Benn, eds., Cntending with Destiny: The Caribbean in the 21st Century (Kingstn: Ian Randall Publishers, 2000), 526. [Nte that placing editrs befre the title is a slight variatin f CMS.] Lieve Spaas, Intrductin: Francphnia and Identity, The Francphne Film (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 200), 3. Lieve Spaas, preface t The Francphne Film (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 200), x. [if n title] Editr instead f Authr Paul Rabinw, ed., The Fucault Reader (Harmnswrth: Penguin, 1984), 15 16. Editr / Translatr in additin t Authr Maurice Halbwachs, On Cllective Memry, ed. and trans., Lewis Cser (Chicag: University f Chicag Press, 1992). Shrt Citatins Ramchand, Lst Literature, 527. Jurnals Gerge Lamming, Caribbean Labr, Culture and Identity, Bucknell Review 40, n. 2 (2001): 22 23. Neville Cnnell, Review f Bim Vl. 4 N. 15, Barbads Advcate 20 (December 1951): 4. Andrea N. Duglas, Facing the Natin: Art Histry and Art Criticism in the Jamaican Cntext, Zete, n. 16 (September 2004): 53. [sme jurnals use running issue numbers instead f vlume r vlume/issue] Pierre Nra, Between Memry and Histry: Les Lieux de Mémire, in Memry and Cunter-Memry, special issue, Representatins, n. 26 (Spring 1989): 7. [see CMS 17.170] Zete Style 3.1 10
Newspapers Rbert Mses Is Dead at 92, New Yrk Times, July 30, 1981, Midwest editin. Albert Finnnian, The Irn Curtain Rises, Wilbertn Jurnal (Wilbertn, Ohi), 7 February 1990, final editin. Williams Rbbins, Big Wheels, New Yrk Times, Sunday, February 17, 1980, sec. 3. In running text: the Daily Gleaner (initial the lwer case and Rman); in ntes: Daily Gleaner (initial the mitted). Use headline style fr papers, even if sentence style was used in riginal; see CMS 17.189. Other Catalgue / Brchure / Prgram Authr, Title f Catalgue [in italics], exhibitin catalgue, City, Spnsring Center [if any], Date, page number. Authr, Title f Brchure [in italics], marketing brchure, City, Cmpany/Organizatin, Date, page number. David Sctt, Blackness Unbund: Cnstructins and Decnstructins f Transnatinal Blackness (prgram sympsium, University at Albany, State University f New Yrk, September 28 29, 2007), 4. Cmmissin Reprt Rbertsn (Cnstitutinal) Cmmissin, Discussin between the Chairman, the Archbishp f the West Indies and Sir Dnald Jacksn, 3:20 4:00 p.m., February 18, 1954, CO 891/1. Cnference Paper Alisn Dnnell, Difficult Subjects: Wmen s Writing in the Caribbean Pre-1970 (paper presented at the Assciatin f Caribbean Wmen Writers and Schlars Cnference, Grenada, May 1998). Exhibitin Set Rman and in qutatin marks. [Nte that this is a slight variatin f CMS.] Film Hw Stella Gt Her Grve Back, dir. Kevin Rdney Sullivan, Twentieth Century Fx, 1998. Interview Henry Swanzy, interview by authr, Octber 24, 1992. Zete Style 3.1 11
Letter Henry Swanzy, letter t the authr, 2 Nvember 1993. Henry Swanzy, letter t Gladys Lind, 27 Nvember 1953, Henry Swanzy Archive, Birmingham University Library, UK. Sng and album titles Sng titles g in qutes while album titles are in italics, recrd cmpany infrmatin is dealt with in the same way as a publisher. Pink Flyd, "Mney." Dark Side f the Mn (Lndn: EMI, 1973). Thesis r Dissertatin Drthy Rss, The Irish-Cathlic Immigrant, 1880 1900: A Study in Scial Mbility (master s thesis, Clumbia University, n.d.), 142. [... (PhD diss., Clumbia University, 2000), 46.] Website In bibligraphies and ftntes it is neither necessary nr desirable t prvide the whle url. E.g., instead f this: Ann Pwers, Lana Del Rey: Just Anther Pp Star, The Recrd, January 30, 2012. http://www.npr.rg/blgs/therecrd/2012/01/31/146088800/putting-tgether-the-pieces-flana-del-rey. D this: Ann Pwers, Lana Del Rey: Just Anther Pp Star, The Recrd, January 30, 2012. Accessed via www.npr.rg. Wrking Paper Luis Lindsay, The Myth f Independence, ISER Wrking Paper n. 6 (City: Organizatin r Publisher, Year). Bibligraphy Guide Belw are examples f hw t cite wrks in yur bibligraphy. These examples are nt exhaustive; please cnsult The Chicag Manual f Style fr further examples. Bibligraphy citatins are alphabetical, with the first authr s surname first. Zete Style 3.1 12
Bks One Authr Abrahamian, Ervand. Trtured Cnfessins: Prisns and Public Recantatins in Mdern Iran. Berkeley: University f Califrnia Press, 1999. 3-Em Dash fr Repeated Name, Wrks in Chrnlgical Order Hbsbawm, E. J. The Age f Revlutin: Eurpe 1798 1848. Lndn: Weidenfeld & Nichlsn, 1962.. Natins and Natinalism Since 1780: Prgramme, Myth, Reality. New Yrk: Cambridge University Press, 1990.. On Empire: America, War, and Glbal Supremacy. New Yrk: Panthen Bks, 2008. Tw Authrs Hillyard, Paddy, and Janie Percy-Smith. The Cercive State. Lndn: Fntana Bks, 1988. Three Authrs Byle, Kevin, Tm Hadden, and Paddy Hillyard. Law and State: The Case f Nrthern Ireland. Lndn: Martin Rbinsn, 1975. Fur r Mre Authrs Laumann, Edward O., Jhn H. Gagnn, Rbert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Scial Organizatin f Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicag: University f Chicag Press, 1994. Editr, Translatr, r Cmpiler Instead f Authr Lattimre, Richmnd, trans., The Iliad f Hmer. Chicag: University f Chicag Press, 1951. Editr, Translatr, in Additin t Authr Agamben, Girgi. State f Exceptin. Translated by Kevin Attell. Chicag and Lndn: Chicag University Press, 2005. Preface, Frewrd, r Intrductin t a Bk Reiger, James. Intrductin. In Frankenstein; r, The Mdern Prmetheus, by Mary Wllstnecraft Shelley, xi xxxvii. Chicag: University f Chicag Press, 1982. Chapter in a Single-Authr Bk Zete Style 3.1 13
McCy, Alfred. Prpagating Trture. Ch. 3 in A Questin f Trture: CIA Interrgatin, frm the Cld War t the War n Terrr. New Yrk: Metrplitan Bks, 2006. Cntributin t a Multi-Authr Bk Krman, Gerd. The Hlcaust in American Histrical Writing. In Hlcaust: Religius and Philsphical Implicatins, edited by Jhn K. Rth and Michael Berenbaum, 45 51. St. Paul, MN: Paragn Huse, 1989. Editins ther than the first Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. The Elements f Style. 4 th ed. New Yrk: Allyn and Bacn, 2000. Multivlume Wrks Citing the wrks as a whle: Aristtle. Cmplete Wrks f Aristtle: The Revised Oxfrd Translatin. Edited by J. Barnes. 2 vls. Bllingen Series. Princetn, NJ: Princetn University Press, 1983. Citing a particular vlume Crmwell, Oliver. The Writings and Speeches f Oliver Crmwell, vl. 2, The Cmmnwealth: 1649 1653. Edited by Wilbur Crtez Abbtt. Oxfrd: Clarendn Press, 1988. Publisher Lcatins http://www.apsstylemanual.rg/ldmanual/resurces/publishers.htm Jurnal Article Brwnlie, Ian. Interrgatin in Depth and the Cmptn and Parker Reprts. Mdern Law Review 35, n. 5 (September, 1972): 501 527. Jurnal Article, Title within Title Lften, Peter. Reverberatins between Wrdplay and Swrdplay in Hamlet. Aelian Studies 2 (1989): 12 29. Magazine Article Martin, Steve. Sprts-Interview Shcker. New Yrker, May 6, 2002. Bk Review Ignatieff, Michael. We re S Exceptinal. Review f All the Missing Suls: A Persnal Histry f the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer. New Yrk Review f Bks, April 5, 2012. Zete Style 3.1 14
Newspaper Article Newspaper articles may be cited in running text and are cmmnly mitted frm the bibligraphy. If a bibligraphic entry is t be included it wuld appear as fllws: Schaap, Rsie. Irish Whiskey, an Unfussy, Cnstant Cmpanin. New Yrk Times, March 8, 2012, natinal editin, magazine sectin. Website Grss, Oran. Is Trture Ever Justified? PBS: Frntline, Octber 18, 2005. www.pbs.rg/wgbh/pages/frntline/trture/justify/3html (accessed December 12, 2005). Online database Blackstne, Sir William. Cmmentaries n the Laws f England. Oxfrd: Clarendn Press, 1765 69. www.avaln.law.yale.edu/18th_century/blackstne_bk4ch25.asp Specific Decisins Cld War c/lc [caps & lwer case] Frmerly hyphenated Americans instead f, say, African-Americans, we are nw using African Americans and als: Asian Americans, Krean Americans, White Americans, etc. Ibid. "Ibid." is nt put in italics. Punctuatin and spelling in quted material "In quted material, hwever, spelling is left unchanged." [CMS 7.5] See als, CMS 11.8: Permissible Changes Althugh in a direct qutatin the wrding, spelling, capitalizatin, and internal punctuatin f the riginal shuld be reprduced exactly, the fllwing changes are generally permissible t make the passage fit int the syntax and typgraphy f the surrunding text. Single qutatin marks may be changed t duble, and vice versa. The initial letter may be capitalized r lwercased. The final perid may be mitted r changed t a cmma as needed. Ntes and references may be mitted n cnditin that such missin des nt affect the meaning f the qutatin. Zete Style 3.1 15
Obvius typs may be crrected silently, therwise use "sic". Readers must be infrmed f changes made fr the sake f clarity, a ftnte wuld suffice. Zete Style 3.1 16