Chapter 1 : The Complete Works of Shakespeare ebook: William Shakespeare: blog.quintoapp.com: Kindl However, to charge very nearly 50 dollars, for edition of the complete works of William Shakespeare, that doesn't have margin notes, footnotes and contextual introductions, is a complete release the money. Many of the dates of play performances, when they were written, adapted or revised and printed are imprecise. This biography attempts only to give an overview of his life, while leaving the more learned perspectives to the countless scholars and historians who have devoted their lives to the study and demystification of the man and his works. He lived with his fairly well-to-do parents on Henley Street, the first of the four sons born to John Shakespeare c and Mary Arden c, who also had four daughters. John Shakespeare was a local businessman and also involved in municipal affairs as Alderman and Bailiff, but a decline in his fortunes in his later years surely had an effect on William. In his younger years Shakespeare attended the Christian Holy Trinity church, the now famous elegant limestone cross shaped cathedral on the banks of the Avon river, studying the Book of Common Prayer and the English Bible. In he became lay rector when he paid Pounds towards its upkeep, hence why he is buried in the chancel. There is also the time when Queen Elizabeth herself visited nearby Kenilworth Castle and Shakespeare, said to have been duly impressed by the procession, recreated it in some of his later plays. When he finished school he might have apprenticed for a time with his father, but there is also mention of his being a school teacher. Baptisms of three children were recorded; Susanna, who went on to marry noted physician John Hall, and twins Judith who married Richard Quiney, and Hamnet his only son and heir who died at the age of eleven. He was writing poems and plays, and his involvement with theatre troupes and acting is disparagingly condemned in a pamphlet that was distributed in London, attributed to Robert Green the playwright titled "Groats Worth of Witte" haughtily attacking Shakespeare as an "upstart crow"; "Yes trust them not: O that I might entreate your rare wits to be employed in more profitable courses: While it was a time for many upstart theatres, the popular public entertainment of the day, they were often shut down and forbidden to open for stretches of time. Shakespeare probably spent these dark days travelling between London, Stratford, and the provinces, which gave him time to pen many more plays and sonnets. Among the first of his known printed works is the comedic and erotically charged Ovidian narrative poem Venus and Adonis It was wildly popular, dedicated with great esteem to his patron Henry Wriothesly, third earl of Southampton, the young man that some say Shakespeare may have had more than platonic affection for. The troupe included his friend and actor Richard Burbage. A few of his plays were printed in his lifetime, though they appeared more voluminously after his death, sometimes plagiarised and often changed at the whim of the printer. First Folio would be the first collection of his dramatic works, a massive undertaking to compile thirty-six plays from the quarto texts, playbooks, transcriptions, and the memories of actors. The approximately nine hundred page manuscript took about two years to complete and was printed in as Mr. It also featured on the frontispiece the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare said to be by Martin Droeshout c Most likely Anne and the children lived in Stratford while Shakespeare spent his time travelling between Stratford and London, dealing with business affairs and writing and acting. In his daughter Judith married Quiney who subsequently admitted to fornication with Margaret Wheeler, and Shakespeare took steps to bequeath a sum to Judith in her own name. William Shakespeare died on 23 April, according to his monument, and lies buried in the chancel of the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford upon Avon. While there is little known of her life, Anne Hathaway outlived her husband by seven years, dying in and is buried beside him. It is not clear as to how or why Shakespeare died, but in the reverend John Ward, vicar of Stratford recorded that "Shakespeare, Drayton and Ben Johnson had a merie meeting, and itt seems drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a feavour there contracted. Others were written or revised right before being printed. The order, dates, and authorship of the Sonnets have been much debated with no conclusive findings. Many have claimed autobiographical details from them, including sonnet number in reference to Anne. The dedication to "Mr. Regardless, there have been some unfortunate projections and interpretations of modern Page 1
concepts onto centuries old works that, while a grasp of contextual historical information can certainly lend to their depth and meaning, can also be enjoyed as valuable poetical works that have transcended time and been surpassed by no other. Ever the dramatist Shakespeare created a profound intrigue to scholars and novices alike as to the identities of these people. Some are reworkings of previous stories, many based on English or Roman history. The dates given here are when they are said to have been first performed, followed by approximate printing dates in brackets, listed in chronological order of performance. Titus Andronicus first performed in printed in, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet,. Page 2
Chapter 2 : Top World Literature Titles The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Classics of World Literature) by JOHN DOVER WILSON at blog.quintoapp.com - ISBN - ISBN - Random House Value Pub - - Hardcover. A modern editor is also like a modern linguist in that he approaches the words available in the spirit of what is rather than what ought to be. The only reply is, why not bother. It does no harm periodically to stir up the complacency with which we dip into a complete Shakespeare, and to remind us that the words we read have been mediated by unknown printers and stationers, as well as by famous editors and by time itself. Acting the part of Elizabethans - indeed acting itself - is of course half the trouble. Shakespeare intended his words to be heard, not read. Loves labors lost was written like a piece of music, a score for voices now lost. There is no other case in world literature of such a profound change in mental reception as that which has taken place in our reception of Shakespearean words. An Elizabethan actor might possibly have said something like this: At the text performance it might well have been different. The bad quarto of Hamlet is admittedly corrupt, but where speech and acting are concerned there is no such thing as corruption: A modern actor and an Elizabethan actor have at least one thing in common: But now the great change has taken place; Shakespeare is virtually actor-proof. The original mode of transmission and reception has been by-passed. Part of the intention and policy of modern scholarship is to destabilise him again and to keep him destabilised, because only by doing that can the critic and commentator really change our attitudes and modify our view of a scene, a character, a whole play. Shakespeare criticism used to be subjective stuff, weaving its airy fancies round a fixed and definite text. Now it aspires to be objective, and to ground its theories on words that are themselves ever shifting and disputable. If we can imagine him paying any attention to what has been written about him, Shakespeare himself might well have preferred things that way. That is to say he might have preferred comment on the plays to be based solely on theatrical performance, the text itself not being available to the public. The change, therefore might be said to be from words to print, and now again in our time, back into words. Modern technology has disrated the printing press, and, it might be asked, who in the coming age is going to lumber himself with a book so thick and weighty that it could only be comfortably read in a pulpit? Floppy discs are all? The transference is automatic, but in whose voice should we hear them, if they were chiefly listened to on recordings? That is a horrible thought. Print and voice - imaginary voice - must be the best mixture, but are many Shakespearean verbal effects so intricate and delicate that they have never been heard in the theatre but only in the head, in the way that details in some sculptured frieze were not visually accessible to those who first took in the general effect? However that may be, the editors of this new edition have done a superb job, and produced a handsome text that can be read easily, with effortless concentration, and perpetual slight surprise. They have, in a sense, rewritten Shakespeare on the basis of their own declaration that since we do not know what Shakespeare wrote, someone has to decide. This principle produces a more effective text, to be heard in the head, than any variorum or note-riddled margin can do. The editors indeed press their principle with remorseless logic, pointing out that even the two long poems - Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucece - which are dedicated and prefaced by the author himself, come to us none the less through the distorting medium of the prestigious stationer who printed them as soon as they were written. Except for a highly dubious fragment of Sir Thomas More no Shakespearean manuscript survives, and it is ironical that the only words he certainly wrote - the dedications of his poems to the Earl of Southampton - are not included in any concordance. The Oxford editors have included in their meticulous collection a complete double text of King Lear - the Quarto and Folio separate and unconflated - reflecting the modern view that The History of King Lear represents the play as it was originally written, and The Tragedy of King Lear in the Folio the play as Shakespeare afterwards substantially revised it. Cardenio is now thought unlikely to turn up, but Loves Labors Won may appear again any day: Page 3
Chapter 3 : Wordsworth Editions Widely hailed on its first publication in, the Complete Works of William Shakespeare edited by Professor Peter Alexander has long been established as one of the most authoritative editions of Shakespeares works. When William Shakespeare began writing his plays, the English language was rapidly absorbing words from other languages due to wars, exploration, diplomacy and colonization. By the age of Elizabeth, English had become widely used with the expansion of philosophy, theology and physical sciences, but many writers lacked the vocabulary to express such ideas. To accommodate this, writers such as Edmund Spenser, Sir Philip Sidney, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare expressed new ideas and distinctions by inventing, borrowing or adopting a word or a phrase from another language, known as neologizing [13]. Scholars estimate that, between the years and, nouns, verbs and modifiers of Latin, Greek and modern Romance languages added 30, new words to the English language. His themes regarding the human condition make him more acclaimed than any of his contemporaries. Humanism and contact with popular thinking gave vitality to his language. Shakespeare also used groundlings widely in his plays. The use of groundlings "saved the drama from academic stiffness and preserved its essential bias towards entertainment in comedy ". He represented English people more concretely and not as puppets. His skills have found expression in chronicles, or history plays, and tragedies. Nine out of eighteen plays he produced in the first decade of his career were chronicles or histories. His histories were based on the prevailing Tudor political thought. They portrayed the follies and achievements of kings, their misgovernment, church and problems arising out of these. Falstaff, although a minor character, has a powerful reality of its own. This shows that Shakespeare had developed a capacity to see the plays as whole, something more than characters and expressions added together. In Falstaff trilogy, through the character of Falstaff, he wants to show that in society "where touchstone of conduct is success, and in which humanity has to accommodate itself to the claims of expediency, there is no place for Falstaff", a loyal human-being. This sentiment is so true even after centuries. Shakespeare united the three main streams of literature: To the versification of the English language, he imparted his eloquence and variety giving highest expressions with elasticity of language. The second, the sonnets and poetry, was bound in structure. He imparted economy and intensity to the language. In the third and the most important area, the drama, he saved the language from vagueness and vastness and infused actuality and vividness. Influence on European and American literature[ edit ] The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. June Learn how and when to remove this template message Shakespeare is cited as an influence on a large number of writers in the following centuries, including major novelists such as Herman Melville, [8] Charles Dickens, [9] Thomas Hardy [22] and William Faulkner. Some estimates at the number of words coined by Shakespeare number in the several thousands. Warren King clarifies by saying that, "In all of his work â the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems â Shakespeare uses 17, words: Of those, 1, were first used by Shakespeare. These include, but are not limited to; "seen better days, strange bedfellows, a sorry sight," [34] and "full circle". Shakespeare helped to further develop style and structure to an otherwise loose, spontaneous language. Written Elizabethan English stylistically closely followed the spoken language. The naturalness gave force and freedom since there was no formalized prescriptive grammar binding the expression. While lack of prescribed grammatical rules introduced vagueness in literature, it also expressed feelings with profound vividness and emotion which created, "freedom of expression" and "vividness of presentment". Gradually his language followed the "natural process of artistic growth, to find its adequate projection in dramatic form". The dialogues in his plays were written in verse form and followed a decasyllabic rule. His work is still experimental in Titus Andronicus. After these two comedies, he kept experimenting until he reached a maturity of style. The free speech rhythm gave Shakespeare more freedom for experimentation. Poetry[ edit ] He introduced in poetry two main factors â "verbal immediacy and the Page 4
moulding of stress to the movement of living emotion". Page 5
Chapter 4 : William Shakespeare - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss. Complete Works Of William Shakespeare Clwl (Classics of World Literature) by Rh Value Publishing. Random House Value Publishing. Used - Good. Shows some signs of wear, and may have some markings on the inside. Share The Cobbe Portrait, a portrait by an unknown 17th century artist, believed to represent William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare April 23, - April 23, was a poet and playwright. He is usually credited with having written thirty-eight plays which are commonly divided into the three categories; comedies, tragedies and histories, four long narrative poems and one hundred and fifty-four sonnets. Other works have been doubtfully attributed to him and there are references to works by Shakespeare that now appear to be lost. Shakespeare is widely considered to be the greatest writer in the English language and is one of the most famous and well-respected writers in the world. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England and moved back to the same town when he retired after a successful career in London. Not much can be said about his life with any certainty, even his date of birth is uncertain. Most of what is known about him has been pieced together from parish records, legal documents and references to him by other writers. He disappears from the record completely for seven years between and Debate continues as to whether any authentic portraits of Shakespeare exist or if any of the images made of him after his death accurately depict what he looked like. William Shakespeare was a contemporary of Miguel de Cervantes, although it is unlikely that the two ever met. Relatively little is known about the life of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare is known to have died on April 23, and is traditionally considered to have been born on April 23, His true date of birth is not known for certain, however he is known to have been baptised on April 26,, therefore it is likely that he was born a few days earlier. His father John Shakespeare was a glove maker and successful merchant. He served as high bailiff roughly equivalent to mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon when William Shakespeare was a small boy but his fortunes declined later. His father would not have had to pay the usual school fee as a result of his privileged position. However, it is known for certain that Shakespeare did not attend university. When Shakespeare was eighteen years old he married Anne Hathaway, a woman eight years older than he was. The two had three children, their first daughter Susanna was born in and twins, a son named Hamnet and a daughter named Judith, were born later. Hamnet died while still a child on August 11, As a result of the early death of his son, Shakespeare has no direct descendants. These "Lost Years" have been the subject of much speculation and whole books have been filled with theories about what he might have done during that time. Unusually for the time, the theater had a roof which allowed performances to take place during bad weather. Shakespeare retired to his home town of Stratford-upon-Avon and bought New Place, the largest house in the town at the time. Shakespeare wrote his will in He left all of his properties to his daughter Susanna, three hundred pounds to his younger daughter Judith and his "second best bed" to his wife Anne. His longer poems were written during periods when the theaters were closed due to outbreaks of bubonic plague. Containing 36 of the 38 surviving plays generally attributed to Shakespeare, it remains the primary source of his plays. Authorship dispute Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, there have been several debates over the authorship of the works attributed to Willlam Shakespeare. Eighty people, including Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe and Samuel Daniel, have all been suggested to have been either the true author, or one of the true authors. Works Tragedies Title page of the First Folio, the first collection of the complete works of Shakespeare from Engravings from and and a modern photograph. Late 18th century imaginary portrait of Shakespeare by the Swiss-born artist Angelica Kauffman. Chapter 5 : William Shakespeare Literawiki FANDOM powered by Wikia Complete Works Of William Shakespeare by Rh Value Publishing and a great selection of similar Used, New and Collectible Books available now at blog.quintoapp.com Page 6
Chapter 6 : Best of William Shakespeare (95 books) While Shakespeare caused much controversy, he also earned lavish praise and has profoundly impacted the world over in areas of literature, culture, art, theatre, and film and is considered one of the best English language writers ever. Chapter 7 : Shakespeare in the head Books The Guardian Macbeth, hands down, should be number one as it is the best of Shakespeare's works (at least in my opinion). I have read 5 of the works listed (as I am only in high school and haven't had the vocabulary or analysis skills to read more earlier). Chapter 8 : Editions of The Complete Works by William Shakespeare 'The Complete Works of William Shakespeare' collects all thirty-seven of the immortal Bard's comedies, tragedies, and historical plays in a Collectible Edition. This volume also features Shakespeare's complete poetry, including the sonnets. Chapter 9 : The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Classics () William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, allegedly on 23 April His parents were John Shakespeare, a glover and leather merchant, and Mary Arden, a landed heiress. According to church records he was the third of eight children. Page 7