Organised Phonology Data MangapMbula (Mangaaba, MangaabaMbula, Mangap) Language [MNA] Semo Morobe Province Oceanic; North New Guinea Cluster; Vitiaz Chain Population census: 2500 (1988) Major villages: Yangla, Kampalap Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: R. Bugenhagen updated November 1997 Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory e e i i o o u u b d k l m b n d p r s a aa e ee i ii o oo u uu b d g k l m mb n nd fl flg p r s A E I O U B D G K L M Mb N Nd g P R S t w z j t w z y T W Z Y Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos r s z l j /w/ / b/ / d / / / voiced labial velar approximant prenasalized bilabial plosive prenasalized dental plosive prenasalized velar plosive
MangapMbula (Mangaaba, MangaabaMbula, Mangap) OPD Printed: August 26, 2004 Page 2 p pal 'you (sg) slice' peeze 'paddle' lapot 'puddle' lup 'you (sg) meet' rapraaba 'be bowed down' supurpuuru 'partially' b balbal 'tree sp.' babal 'you (sg) trip someone' beeze 'garden house' aflbot 'I stay' b mbaala kombo mbeeze mbalmbal m maala komok lom amdeefle 'you (sg) hunt' 'you (pl) sing'' 'you (sg) serve' 'pigeon' 'men's bark loincloth' 'cleanshaven' 'toilet' 'we (excl) find' w waaza 'you (sg) fish' kaiwen 'lizard sp.' swoi 'where?' wenweene 'you (sg) are shooting' l leeze 'louse egg' molo 'long' kel 'you (sg) replace' lwoono 'middle 3s gen.' malwe 'broom' amla 'I go' t tete 'walking stick' mutu 'island' kat 'very' patpat 'gravel' d didi 'wall' bude 'writing' badbaada 'be carrying' d ndeege kunduunu 'fruit tree sp.' 'head of a river' n naala 'tomb, hole' mini 'again' pin 'banana' mankwoono 'morning time' r reere 'to flow' miri 'to be thirsty' kar 'village' gorgor 'period of time' aflre ' I see' s soolo 'flooring' mbasa 'boundary' pis 'blind' swoi 'where?' kiskis 'you (sg) are holding' k kot 'you (sg)cover, extend,smash' lokon 'fly' suk 'shove' kwaara 'you (sg) carry' mokleene 'garden' aflko 'I flee' got 'type of black palm tree' puge 'crocodile' gorgor 'period of time' flguuru saflga 'you (sg) wash' 'a type of dance' flor 'deep sleep' patooflo 'you (sg) guide' pafl 'four' zuflzufl 'you (sg) keep asking' j yoozo 'you (sg) smell' yoyou 'have pain' z zaala 'path, road' mozo 'deep sea' bozboozo 'very many'
MangapMbula (Mangaaba, MangaabaMbula, Mangap) OPD Printed: August 26, 2004 Page 3 Vowels i e u o All vowels can be lengthened: /i: e: : o: u:/ They are analyzed as vowel sequences. i iti 'we (incl)' tingi 'here' miri 'be thirsty' i mbia io nio 'flying fox' ' I ' e e 'horizontal motion' mete 'very / disease' pel 'cracking noise' alok 'a long time' ipata 'be heavy' yaara 'shine' o o 'or' molo 'long' kombo 'you pl. sing' moto 'you(sg) are afraid' iu kiu 'yam' ei parei 'how' eo reo 'armspan' eu teu 'sugar cane' i aigule 'daytime' ambai 'good' u urpe 'you (sg) put right' sup 'fish sp' muflgu 'before' e waene o irao 'his spouse' 'he is able' ii tiiflgi 'swampy place' miiri 'wind' ee meete 'you (sg) die' ipaata 'he counts, reads' oo moolo 'ants' mooto 'snake' uu muuflgu 'symbol of mourning' u taun karau ui tui u sua oi swoi iflgoi oe mboe ou rou pabayou 'calm weather' 'quickly' 'milk' ' ' 'where?' 'which one?' 'song' 'afternoon time' 'to heat' ie rie 'kunai grass' /ie/ /i / /io/ /iu/
MangapMbula (Mangaaba, MangaabaMbula, Mangap) OPD Printed: August 26, 2004 Page 4 /ei/ /eo/ /eu/ / i/ / e/ / o/ / u/ /oi/ /oe/ /ou/ /ui/ /u / Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) The placement of stress is predictable. In most words, primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. Syllable Patterns V o 'or' a.lok 'a long time' afl.u.te 'I know' VV ai.gu.le 'day' ma.zu.aa.na 'time' VC afl.bot 'I stay' ti.ur.pe 'they put right' ti.ut 'they adopt' CV ro 'leaf' po.sop 'you finish' i.pa.ta 'he counts, reads' ti. flgi 'here' CVV teu 'sugar' wae.ne 'his / her spouse' ku.mbuu.nu 'his leg' ti.pa.ba.you 'they heat up' CVC muk 'dirt' bal.bal 'tree sp.' su.pur.puu.ru 'partially' nda.bok 'sufficient' CCVC kwar.kwaa.ra 'be carrying' CCVV swoi 'where?' lwoo.no 'middle3s Gen' man.kwoo.no 'this morning' CVVC CCVV taun 'calm weather' kwai 'to go on a long sea journey' Conventions: Phonological /b/ is weakened to [ ] intervocalically. All voiceless plosives, /p t k /, are optionally pronounced with a voiceless nasal release word finally. All velars are fronted or backed, depending on the vowel immediately contiguous to them within the same syllable. The two high vowels /i u / are lowered slightly when followed by / e o /. /t/ is palatalized to a voiceless, laminal, postalveolar plosive when followed by a morpheme boundary and /i/. Conventions: Orthographic Transcription of a recorded passage / lwo n o t n n io m bu mi m t i s ml mokle n e t i m i d e e ml mpet mokle n e n bu il il m sere b t mi m t i s n i il id e be lele ku d u n u mi n io n l l m koj m sere b t l ml m m l mi kos il lele m zem suru n u ri i bot mi so be m beso mot o ilel ke su bu n u n re mo t o si n bi i bot lel t on zem sere b t l m n i bot mi ko m l /
MangapMbula (Mangaaba, MangaabaMbula, Mangap) OPD Printed: August 26, 2004 Page 5 < Lwoono ta na, nio ma abu mi Matias amla mokleene tiama. Indeefle amla ampet mokleene na, abu ila ilaama serembat, mi Matias, ni ila ideebe lele kunduunu. Mi nio na, aflla afllaama koyam serembat. Afllamlaama ma aflla, mi kosa ila lelefl ma aflzem suruunu ri imbot, mi aflsombe aflmaflga. Beso motofl ilela ke sumbuunu na, aflre mooto siflaanabi imbot lela. Tona aflzem serembat laamaflana imbot, mi aflko ma aflla. > 'One time, I along with my grandmother and Matias went to our garden. When we got to the garden, then my grandmother went to dig up sweet potatos, and Matias, he went to clear one end of the area. And as for me, I went to dig us up some sweet potatoes for us to eat. As I was going along digging them up, something went into me, and I left one part (of the garden), and was intending to get up. When I looked into a hole in a tree, I saw a huge old snake was inside. After that, I quit digging up sweet potatoes, and ran away.' Bibliography Bugenhagen, Robert. 1986. 'Possession in MangapMbula: its syntax and semantics.' Oceanic Linguistics 25:12466.. 1989. 'Modality in MangapMbula: an exploration of its syntax and semantics.' Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 20:939.. 19841985. Manuscripts, SIL Ukarumpa.. 1995. 'A grammar of MangapMbula. An Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea.' Pacific Linguistics C101.