Voice and Speech Review Article Formatting and Style Guidelines September 2013 Please use the following checklist as you revise your article for final submission. There have been changes to the style guide since the last published issue in 2011. Changes are in RED: A general note on style in the VSR: The VSR follows Taylor & Francis (T&F) Author/Date Style for formatting. The VSR used to follow the Chicago Manual of Style, and while Taylor and Francis stylesheet is similar to CMOS, there are enough differences that authors should now consult T&F style guidelines as their primary source for formatting. This guide explains various elements of this formatting style but does not cover every possible case. You will find specific examples of appropriate citations and formatting at our publisher s website: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/style/reference/tf_chicagoad.pdf Electronic file formats: Save your essay or article in Microsoft Word (.doc or.docx) or an easily convertible file format that will retain formatting. Title: For final submission, check that your title is correct and not an old working title. Fonts: Font: Our publisher will format your article in the proper font to match their style guidelines. For the sake of simplicity, please use any standard font (Times New Roman 12-point is an excellent choice) that is easy for your associate editor and the copyeditors and typesetters at Routledge to read. IPA fonts: If you are using an IPA font for phonetics, please be aware that this is often the most complicated and labor-intensive proofing task that the editors face. You will make it much more likely that your IPA will look the way you want it to if you use a Unicode IPA font. The various cut-and-paste, web-based IPA character inserters don t work with T&F s production editing software. There is ample info at the VASTA website on how to install and use Unicode fonts: http://www.vasta.org/fonts/ If you have problems with this, consult your assigned associate editor. We strongly encourage authors who are using IPA fonts to have the fonts working properly before final submission, but if you are still unsure at that time, you should send a hard copy and/or a.pdf file with your
document. Formatting, spacing: No headers, footers, or title bars: Please leave the formatting in your article as simple as possible. Do not use graphically complicated or colored borders in headers or footers. Headings: Section headings are divided into four nested or hierarchical levels, A-D. A headings are bolded with initial letter only capitalized; B headings are bolded and italicized, initial letter only capitalized; C headings are italics only with initial letter capitalized, and D headings are italicized only, with an initial capital letter, and the text runs directly from the heading with no separation. Very important headings look like this Slightly less important ones look like this Even less important ones look like this The least important ones look like this. And then the text runs on directly afterwards Spacing: Single-space the entire article. Paragraph spacing: Paragraphs are indented and not separated by any whitespace. Sentence spacing: Use only one space after all punctuation including periods. That is, only one space between all words and sentences. This is easily checked by using the "find and replace" editing feature. "Find" the double spaces and "replace" with a single space. Indenting: Do not use tabs in the article, use normal returns and the space bar to create indents. Longer quotations ( block or display quotations): The VSR uses indentations for quotations that are forty (40) words or longer. Our publisher will indent block quotes in line with their standard formatting as well as reduce the font size. Please do not use any specific margin changes or indentations for block quotes. To help you locate your citation relative to punctuation (see Citations below), you may create a space above and below the quote with a return, but our publisher will remove this whitespace. Emphasis, titles, foreign words, and special terms: The VSR prefers italics for emphasis and foreign words. Titles of books, movies, plays and so on should also use italics. Every instance of a foreign word should be italicized.
Special terms, i.e. jargon, words that require definition, or words being used in a non-standard way, should use quotation marks. Formatting for special terms should accompany the first instance. Later instances may not require this formatting if the meaning is clear from context. Syntax, punctuation, spelling: Dashes: Use regular hyphens for hyphenating words such as seen in single-spaced. Parenthetical hyphens, ones that set off phrases, should follow the non-spaced em-dash rules solid dashes as seen here. DO NOT insert a space before or after an em-dash. It should be like this, not like this. On many machines the em-dash command is [shift+option+dash]. How to do an em dash in MS Word: after the word that precedes the dash, immediately (no space) type two hyphens with no space between them, then begin typing the next word without a space. It will look like this: words words words--word When you press the space bar after typing the word following the double hyphen, MS Word will convert the two hyphens into an em dash with no spaces around it, like this: words words words word. Between spans of numbers (e.g. 1 100, or 20 40), use the non-spaced en-dash rule. Number spans should look like 1 100, not 1 100 (spaced en-dash ) or 1-100 (hyphen). If you can t figure out how to insert an en-dash, don t worry as the T&F typesetters will take care of this. Ellipses: When using ellipses (three periods, do not use spaces in between the periods like this:... Instead do this: Your computer may do this conversion on its own if you type three periods without spaces; if so, do not correct it. On many machines there is an ellipses key. It is often [option+;] (press and hold option then press semicolon). Ellipses are used inside quotations to indicate that you have skipped some words used by your quoted source. Ellipses should not be used outside of this context. Sometimes you will need to use a four-dot ellipsis. This happens when the ellipsis is followed by a period or when you use the ellipsis to cover a change in thought that spans more than one sentence from the original source. Apostrophes: Do not use an apostrophe in a date, thus 1990s, not 1990 s. Numbers:
Numbers: spell out one to nine, then 10, 1000, 10,000; 10% (except at start of sentence) Dates: Follow American conventions, e.g.: October 4 2005 (note no comma between the date and the year); in the twenty-first century in the 1970s Punctuation: Initials (e.g. US, NJ, BBC) do not have periods between them. For names of article authors and in references, no space between initials (J.P. Smith, Smith, J.P. or Smith JP depending on reference style). Punctuation with quotes: Periods and commas precede closing quotation marks. Colons, semicolons, question marks and exclamation points follow closing quotation marks (unless a question mark or exclamation point are part of the quoted material). I heard her say, "I'm not listening." Did you hear her say, "I'm not listening"? Contractions: Conversational contractions, e.g. can t, don t, are not allowed in scholarly pieces but are allowed in other formats, specifically more personally written articles, in quotes and dialogue, and in articles in the forum section. Spelling: The VSR prefers US spelling conventions, e.g. while instead of whilst, color instead of colour, etc. Citations, notes, references: Citations: The VSR no longer uses footnote-style notations for citations, known as the Notes and Bibliography (NB) style. The journal has moved to the Author-Date (AD) in-text citation format, in which the citation appears inside of parentheses inserted in the flow of text. The VSR will now use this format for all articles that use citations, including articles that because of subject matter have previously used the Humanities or NB style. These rules are clearly laid out in the T&F style guidelines, but briefly stated, the rules for notes and note placement are as follows: Basic Author-Date Format: (Author's last name and year published, page number). (Chekhov 1953, 132) (Cose 2004, 56)
Whenever possible, place the note after close quotes but before punctuation which means that the comma, period, semicolon or other piece of punctuation migrates to after the close parenthesis (exception described below) : while these two qualities are widely accepted as fundamental attributes of thorough musicianship, both are frequently overlooked in practice. The absence of any of these components means that a thorough aesthetic education has probably not occurred (Shehan Campbell 1991, 305). Enlightenment thinkers, such as Kant, believed in the universal, eternal, and immutable qualities of all of humanity (Harvey 1990, 12); Indeed, most instructors of voice are performer-teachers who learn how to teach not by observing lessons, but from their own experience as students (Haddon 2009, 57-70), observing master classes, vocal pedagogy textbooks, and ancillary professional literature. unless there is no natural break for punctuation: Example: This phenomenon is so prevalent, that at least one classic tome on the art of the song recital (Emmons 1979, 197-8) cautions the student against memorizing the words in such a way that the score reappears in the visual imagination during recital. Exception: when you use a block quote (40 words of text or longer, see Longer Quotations above), the citation appears after the final punctuation. Example: since the printing of music arose in the late fifteenth century: Over the last centuries of European history written modes have been taken as the paradigm for education, scholarship and artistic activity, a dominant cultural view widely accepted What was written was to be valued and analyzed; and what was not written was not worth scholarly study. (Finnegan 1988, 124) Also, if the name of the author and/or the title of the volume referenced is mentioned in the flow of writing, it changes how the citation appears. Example: As McLuhan wrote: the printed book added much to the new cult of individualism. The private, fixed point of view became possible and literacy conferred the power of detachment, non-involvement (1967, 50). Please check Chicago for other instances, as when the citation is from an author and volume previously cited in the same paragraph, multiple volumes by the same author, and other cases. Endnotes: Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3 ) not Roman numerals (i, ii, iii ). The VSR will continue to use notes for editorial statements that comment on or clarify information in the text, but all such notes will be endnotes, not footnotes. Such notes should be considered extended parentheticals that would interrupt the flow of thought in your writing and
must therefore be placed elsewhere. These notes may contain citations as part of the discussion of source material, but they are not meant to be bibliographic entries. Creating endnotes in MS Word: move the type cursor to the precise spot where your want to insert the number that will point to a note. Under the Insert menu on the Mac or under the References tab on the Ribbon on a PC, select Footnote. A window should appear that will offer the choice between footnotes and endnotes. Select endnotes. Before clicking OK, click on the options button; this will open a window that will offer a number of options. Make sure those options look something like this, especially Number format : Click OK. The rest of your notes should be automatically formatted into a list of endnotes. Endnote number placement in text: Insert endnote numbers as superscript numerals after final punctuation and quotation marks, but before commas. I waited, and as there was no response, I continued. You ve heard what the plan is; keep Inhibiting and Directing, and then give yourself this idea that you will sigh out, but only do so when you can continue to Inhibit and Direct at the same time as you sigh out. 12 Or she could react to the fear and discomfort of the unfamiliar sensation of nothingness 13, or to the memories of old stories, and continue producing her old sound. Endnote formatting: Basic Endnote Format: The list should begin with the word Notes, not Endnotes; note the word Notes should be bolded (following A heading rules): Notes 1. Ede and Lunsford (2001) note that we all agree that writing is inherently social, yet we still rely on individualistic praxis; we still ascribe to pedagogies that encourage the independent author producing concrete (original, honest and truthful ) works. Note that the number for the note is not superscript, but the same font size as the rest of the
note. Endnote submission: Put the endnotes in a separate document. Take special care to be certain that the numbering in your article or essay and the endnotes agree. When placing endnotes in a separate document, the automated formatting and number sequencing are sometimes lost, so you may need to redo your endnote list by hand before submission. Please also note that current versions of MS Word will not allow you to add material after the endnotes, so your bibliographic information (see References below) will need to be entered before the endnotes. References The VSR follows Chicago in titling the list of sources you used to support your argument as References. The distinction between a list of references and a bibliography is that a bibliography is properly a comprehensive list of as many sources on the subject matter of the article as the author can find, sources which may or may not be cited in the article itself, or even used as part of the author s research for that specific piece of writing, but a list of references is limited to those sources cited in support of the article s argument. The VSR prefers the brevity and clarity of the title References as it focuses the list on those sources, and T&F copyeditors will query any entries in your list of references that are not cited in your article. Citation information on the sources you used for your articles should be formatted according to Taylor & Francis guidelines. We have included basic examples for a book and a periodical with a single author below. Please see the Taylor & Francis website for more a more complete list of examples, such as multiple sources by the same author, multiple authors, an edited collection or anthology, lectures, audio and video recordings, websites, etc. (Book) Chekhov, Michael. To the Actor on the Technique of Acting. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1953. (Periodical) Cose, Ellis. "Brown v. Board: A Dream Deferred." Newsweek CXLIII, no. 20 (May 17, 2004): 52-59. Note that T&F Style requires reverse indentation for references (2 nd and any following lines moved.25 inch to the right below the first line of the entry). Our publisher s typesetters will format this for the page size and font they need, but it is useful to submit with this formatting in place anyway. Please also note that current versions of MS Word will not allow you to add material after the endnotes, so your bibliographic information will need to be entered before the endnotes. Miscellanea:
Biography: Each author is asked to provide a short biography that is one hundred words or less. Please be sure you stay within this word limit. If you have provided us a biography for a past issue and would like to use it again, check that all the information is accurate and up-to-date. Headshots: Each author is asked to provide a headshot. Photos must be electronic; if you only have a hard copy, it should be scanned or resolved at 300 dpi or better and e-mailed to VSR.editor@vasta.org. Please include your name in the filename as well as VSR 2013 and the word headshot. If you do not have a headshot readily available, Sears Department Store provides relatively inexpensive photo sessions, and they will put photos on disk (which saves some time). A clear snapshot against a neutral background can also work in a pinch. Content photos, digital media: To make the journal visually interesting, we use photos and illustrations whenever possible. The more photos you can provide us to choose from, the better. You should be careful to obtain permission to use the photo, and get photo credits and captions that will be published under the photo. If an author gives us a photo for an article, usually this means that they are granting us permission to publish it or have gotten that permission from someone else. The photographer, organization or individual retains ownership of the photograph and they can continue to use or publish the photograph as they see fit (we make no exclusive claim to it). We can pay no fee for use of photos. Send photos to VSR.editor@vasta.org. Please include your name and the phrase content photos in the subject line. Please also change the filenames of the attached photos to include your name. The VSR, as an online journal, can now embed media (audio and video). Please submit any additional media clearly described in the filename with your name included. T&F can accept virtually any file format;.mp3,.mov,.avi, and.flv are good stable formats to use and are recommended. Attach an additional document that explicitly describes (using page number, paragraph number, and excerpts from the text) where you want that material inserted; you can also refer to an appendix in your article and simply have all of the media at the end.