Chapter 1 : Dictionary and reference board Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. This page is a glossary of library and information science. Contents A[ edit ] abstract â a brief set of statements that summarize, classifies, evaluates, or describes the important points of a text, particularly a journal article. An abstract is typically found on the first page of a scholarly article. Because an abstract summarizes an article, it is very useful for either browsing or keyword searching. Annotation is also the process of adding an explanatory or critical note or commentary to a text. Reference lists are often annotated with comments about what each resource covered and how useful it was. It is usually related to the material in the main part of the text but not so closely related to it that it should be put into the main text. Put background information and supporting facts in the appendices. Usually operated by large organizations, they may or may not be open to the public. The University of Toronto, for example has an archive that requires a five-story building and contains several climate controlled vaults. A virtual archive is similar except the documents have no physical presence and seldom have historical value. Searching by author can be an effective form of information gathering. Typically each record contains the call number, author, title, publishing information, and other card catalog information. This binary algebraic system is used primarily in switching circuits and database searches. Boolean operators are not to be confused with proximity operators such as NEAR. This involves following links from page to page also called surfing rather than searching directly. The main difference between browsing and searching is that with browsing you have very little advance knowledge of what will be on the next page. C[ edit ] call number â an identification marker used in libraries to categorize and locate books and other resources. Each resource is assigned a combination of letters and numbers which correspond with a location in the library. All works used in preparing a paper should be cited. Some databases have a specific citation search option, otherwise you use a full-text search. For an example of a database that has a specific citation search option go to the University of Michigan Library Database. Community analysis â the analysis of a set of people. Such analyses enable librarians to know the needs of patrons and hopefully provide better services to them. In a city library district, the set of relevant people would be all those who live in the city or those people eligible to use the library. Analysis may also be restricted to a subset of eligible library users. An example would be "History â Bibliography etc". Some indexes, like Wilson Indexes, have their own system of headings and hence their own controlled vocabulary. It is a form of intellectual property that prevents others from using a creative work without consent of the owner. These connections for example between "marketing" and "promotion" make browsing very productive and allow related-items searches. D[ edit ] descriptor â an index term used to identify a record in a database. It can consist of a word, phrase, or alphanumerical term. It can describe the content of the record or be an arbitrary code. When a descriptor is descriptive, it can be an effective search parameter. Dewey Decimal Classification DDC â a hierarchical system for classifying books and other library materials by subject, first published in by the librarian and educator Melvil Dewey, who divided human knowledge into 10 main classes, each of which is divided into 10 divisions, etc. In Dewey Decimal call numbers, Arabic numerals and decimal fractions are used in the class notation example: There can be an oral component to the process, in which the dissertation must be defended in front of critical judges. Dissertation searches are valuable because of their currency. It can involve direct internet or email transfers, CD delivery via mail, paper delivery via mail, or delivery via interlibrary loan. E[ edit ] edition â a version of a published text, or all the instances of a published text issued at a given time. An example would be the 2nd edition An entry word is the headword in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or glossary. Enumeration â is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection. F[ edit ] field â an element of a database record. It contains one type of information and has a unique address. All or most other Page 1
records in the database have a similar field. An example is the field "name". It is simple and fast. Text that originated in a journal article looks much the same as text that originated in a glossary or chat room. A related concept is that of a full text search which searches only sources that are complete, and ignores those records that are mere abstracts or descriptors. Information science - is a field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. The user makes a request with their local library, which, acting as an intermediary, identifies owners of the desired item, places the request, receives the item, makes it available to the user, and arranges for its return. J[ edit ] journal â a periodical publication that presents articles in a specific subject area. These may be academic journals, trade journals, or organizational newsletters. L[ edit ] literature search â A systematic and thorough search of all material, print or electronic, published on a given topic. This can include books, journals, newspapers, catalogs, encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, bibliographies, handbooks, manuals, indexes, yearbooks, gazetteers, directories, chronologies, almanacs, and guides. M[ edit ] MARC Machine-Readable Cataloging - a set standard of prescribed codes that allows a record to be "read" by a machine by identifying specific elements of a catalog record. MARC is used to share bibliographic data between libraries by transmitting the encoded metadata from one system to another, then displayed to the user in an identifiable form. This saves the user from having to memorize a set of commands. It also reduces the decision down to the basic information required note the etymology from the French word minuet meaning small. They are valuable information sources because of their depth in a limited subject area. O[ edit ] OCLC Online Computer Library Center - a comprehensive bibliographic network that provides bibliographic, abstract, and full-text information to users. In computer science there are binary and unary operators depending on the number of elements or records an operator acts on. In database searching there are Boolean and Proximity operators. Boolean operators are a subclass of logical operators Logical operators are binary operators that manipulate data at the bit level. P[ edit ] pathfinder - a subject bibliography used to find resources the library has available on a specific topic. Original sources are not given credit. A primary record is a resource created by the same people that initially experienced or used it. They create the records for their own purposes, records that often remain unpublished. Sometimes they witness an event, sometimes they are involved in an event, and sometimes the record is directly created by the event. R[ edit ] record â an individual entry in a database and simultaneously a collection of related data fields. Each field, although related, is of a different type to all the other fields in the record and this is what differentiates a record from an array. Reference Service â the personal assistance provided to the library users in finding information. All the functions performed by a trained librarian employed in the reference section of a library to meet the information needs of patrons in person, by telephone, or electronically, including but not limited to answering substantive questions, instructing users in the selection and use of appropriate tools and techniques for finding information, conducting searches on behalf of the patron, directing users to the location of library resources, assisting in the evaluation of information, referring patrons to resources outside the library when appropriate, etc. S[ edit ] scholarly article â an article, usually in a scholarly journal, that deals with academic subject matter at an advanced level. Some possible strategies include; controlled vocabulary searches, specific entry searches, browsing, general scanning, broad to narrow searches, adjacent item browsing, subject tracings searches, keyword searches, citation searches, literature searches, cross reference searches, and chat room questions and other direct people contact searches. For example, the record "natural frequency of vibration" might be found under the subject heading of "Acoustics", and acoustics, in turn, might be found under the subject heading "Physics". The tree structure shows relationships between subject headings. They can be found either inside a database or separate from a data base. T[ edit ] thesaurus â a book of synonyms, often also containing antonyms. In database searching, a thesaurus strategy is to use multiple iterations to search for related words and generate results. The database will often suggest synonyms and related words to try. In the case of truncating a search word, this is a strategy used to search among multiple variants or spellings of a word. In some databases the asterisk must be accompanied with a number that define the number of characters Page 2
that can be truncated. Page 3
Chapter 2 : Search and Download International Terminology - Microsoft Language Portal New South Wales State Library Multilingual Glossary database is a professionally generated signage tool designed for libraries by the Library of New South Wales. It contains common library phrases in 49 languages. If you wish to add to this including adding terms that you would like to have someone define you need to obtain a W3C wiki account, available to anyone. See link along left hand side under "account request. Multilingual dictionary of cataloguing The Multilingual dictionary of cataloguing terms and concepts contains definitions for many terms and concepts used by the library cataloguing community. Definitions are taken from authoritative sources. Terms and definitions are available in English and a variety of other languages. When librarians speak in three-digit numbers, they are using the names of MARC fields for the data in library records. When a group of fields is referred to, an "X" is used to mean "any digit. Some common fields are: Access points were headings that were filed alphabetically in the catalog. The access point concept was carried over in some computerized catalog software. In these catalogs, a user enters a left-anchored string and is returned a screen of alphabetically sorted catalog entries that appear before and after that string. The term "access point" is sometimes used to refer to any part of the bibliographic record that is searchable, in particular when speaking of fielded searches in OPACs. On the traditional library card, added entries were found at the very bottom of the card and represented where additional cards were filed in the card catalog. Added entries are access points in the catalog. In general, libraries catalog only the "whole": When they do catalog any parts of those wholes, it is called "analyzing," thus an analytic entry into the catalog. The term "call number" dates from times when libraries had closed stacks and users had to request or "call for" the book using that number. The call number identifies the book. In most libraries today the call number comes from a classification system and represents the main subject of the book. It is also a unique identifier for that physical volume in that library, although this role of identifier has been partially replaced by the barcodes libraries place on books and that are used by the circulation systems. Books are assigned a "class number" although some systems use letters or combinations of letters and numbers. Using class numbers, books can be placed on the shelves in classification order, thus creating a collection that can be browsed by subject. At the same time, the class number allows the book to be located on the shelf. Two often-used classification systems are the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Library of Congress Classification. It also includes yearbooks and other content that is published on a regular basis. This is the case for certain government documents and for reports issued by organizations and corporations. In the case of conference proceedings, the conference itself is listed as the author in library bibliographic records. It is defined as "the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc. The library community is struggling with the abstract concepts of work and expression and the actual dividing line between them, and how they can be defined in bibliographic practice, is not clear. The term "filing" comes from the card catalog days when entries were filed in the catalog. In the computing environment one would use the term "sorting" instead of "filing. Thus, a title that begins with "The" has a non-filing value of 4 t, h, e, plus the space. The value is generally stored in an indicator position in the field. The filing rules in the card catalog were not just a matter of alphanumeric order, and filing in the correct order required human judgment. For example, numbers were filed as if they were spelled out. With the advent of online catalogs, libraries came to accept straight alphanumeric order as the sort order for headings. It is the first such model that has been developed in the library cataloging community. FRBR is limited to the data in bibliographic description. There are related functional requirements for authority data FRAD. Headings were written or typed at the top of each card, and represented titles, authors, subjects, and series. Most items held by the library had 6 to 8 cards in the card catalog, one for each heading. Components of an ILS include the online catalog, acquisitions and fund accounting, serials control and checkin, circulation lending, and other library management functions. Depending on the country, this may be coordinated regionally or nationally. ISBD covers all published Page 4
materials that may be held in libraries, such as multimedia resources, maps, and computer data. ISBD punctuation can be thought of as an early text markup standard that places particular punctuation in the printed library record to indicate fields. ISBD punctuation is intended to help the reader of a library record display, but also should allow for machine analysis of the library data when it is in textual, rather than fielded, form. Each published book that is a separate product gets its own ISBN. This means that a hardback version and a paperback version of the same book will have different ISBNs because they are different products with different qualities like size, weight, and price. Although it may seem that each library record should have only one ISBN, library records will often carry the ISBN for both the hardback and the paperback editions so that libraries do not have to add a separate record into their database for each of them. That said, "itemness" becomes unclear when, for example, a group of journal issues that each have a separate item barcode are bound together into a volume for shelving. In this definition, libraries may be public or private, large or small, and are not limited to any particular types of resources. While discovery and delivery of resources are important services, preservation of resources is a key library activity that is not within the mission of non-library institutions, and therefore should be given particular attention Library of Congress Classification LCC LCC is a classification system for libraries. It uses a combination of letters and numbers, and divides the library topically into 21 main classes. Unlike Dewey, the classification number is not hierarchical in nature, meaning that a number like HV21 is not necessarily subordinate to HV2, and that HV21 and HV24 may be unrelated from a taxonomic point of view. LCC is used and maintained at the Library of Congress, and is in use in many university and large public libraries in the United States and elsewhere. It began as the LC Card Number in, when the Library of Congress printed and sold cards to libraries that they could use in their own catalogs. The LCCN identifies the metadata for the resource, not the resource itself. The main entry creates a uniform display for library catalog entries, and is considered by some to serve as an identifier for the resource. In modern publishing, manifestations are often mass-produced, and data that refers to the manifestation is valid for all of the items from that printed product e. For books, the manifestation is identified by the ISBN. The term "MARC" derives from "MAchine-Readable Cataloging" and can be used to refer to the record format defined in the standard, the library instance of that record format that makes particular choices, and the content standard for creating bibliographic records in that format. The current definition of the record format standard is ISO The current version of the library standard is called MARC OCLC maintains the largest database WorldCat of bibliographic records in the world, as well as the information holdings on which libraries own the items. Libraries subscribe to OCLC services for bibliographic records, for the management of interlibrary loan requests, and, more recently, as the user interface to the collections of some libaries. This number generally represents a published item that will be found in many libraries. It essentially is the replacement for the card catalog. While this gives an indication of the total number of pages it is not a precise measure of the total number because it does not include an unnumbered front matter or blank pages. Pagination can be recorded in leaves rather than pages. A leaf is a physical page with two sides, whereas with pagination usually both sides receive a page number. When a work is in multiple volumes, the library data usually just records the number of volumes e. There are two types of references: A see reference points from an entry point a heading or term that is not authorized for use essentially an "altlabel" to the authorized form e. See also references are a link between two headings or terms that are authorized, and that the cataloger has determined may be of interest to users looking up one or the other of the terms. These two were essentially the only relationships between resources that existed in the card catalog. Other publications that are considered serials by libraries include reference books published yearly e. Recently libraries began using " continuing resource " as a blanket term to describe these items and other resources published on a continuing basis. In the case of books and other printed materials, the content of the statement of responsibility is taken directly from the title page of the resource, and can read something like: It is made up of brief representations of items in the library collection. A library catalog entry is a surrogate for the item, with key information that describes the item such as author, title, publication information and physical characteristics. The catalog also places items in Page 5
a topical representation of knowledge using subject headings and classification numbers. These topical entities add another layer of indirection: In Semantic Web terms [1], http: It identifies a name authority cluster created by VIAF, which eventually leads to a resource standing for the person itself http: See [2] for a short discussion on this. This page may also list other key contributors like translators or illustrators. In particular, these elements are taken directly from the title page: Before the time of printed cards in which each card contains all of the bibliographical information there was a primary card that had along the bottom a list of all of the headings that would be entered into the catalog for that bibliographic item. These included added authors, series entries, and subject entries. This card served as the control card for the item; if the item were withdrawn from the library, this card would list all of the cards that would need to be removed from the catalog, so that the librarian could "trace" them through the catalog. In electronic catalogs, the term can be used to refer to the set of added entries in the bibliographic record. In the area of cultural commentary, "work" may be used to refer to all of the intellectual output of an individual e. Thus, if one refers to the work Der Zauberberg, this includes all versions, printings, and translations of the creation by Mann. A work is inherently abstract in the FRBR definition. It is built and maintained collectively by the participating libraries. Definitions The library community has developed many standards with which meta data records with information about entities such as books can be represented. An issue in charting the available standards in this report is that different terms are being used to describe those standards, in both the library and Linked Data communities. For example, Dublin Core is variously referred to as a metadata element set, a schema, a RDF vocabulary. For clarity and ease of reading we consistently use the following three terms to describe the types of standards. Page 6
Chapter 3 : Form library in Slovak, translation, English-Slovak Dictionary Some smaller or recently independent languages have no dictionary in library terminology at all (e.g. Icelandic, Macedonian, Slovenian), some others have captured only small sections of the vocabulary into restricted individual volumes (e.g. cataloguing, circulation, acquisition). An abstract is often provided along with the citation to a work. A collection, usually annual, of statistics and facts, both current and retrospective. May be broad in geographical and subject coverage, or limited to a particular country or state or to a special subject. An annual containing miscellaneous matter, such as a calendar, a list of astronomical events, planting tables, astrological predictions, and anecdotes" Definition from Yale University Library Annotation: A note that describes, explains, or evaluates; especially such a note added to an entry in a bibliography, reading list, or catalog. Process of making such notes. Annotation is the end product of making such notes. A space which houses historical or public records. The historical or public records themselves, which are generally non-circulating materials such as collections of personal papers, rare books, ephemera, etc. Often published as part of a journal, magazine, or newspaper. May be print or electronic. Books in the book stacks are normally arranged by call number. Various search terms allow you to look for items in the catalog. Check-out periods vary by library. Items are checked out at the circulation desk. You may also place a hold, report an item missing from the shelves, or pay late fees or fines there. Print reserve materials are usually kept in one area of the library and circulate for only a short period of time. To transfer information from a computer to a program or storage device to be viewed at a later date. To transfer information from one computer to another computer using a modem. Often has entries or articles arranged alphabetically. The term "full-text" is often used to refer to the electronic version of an article or book that is also published in print. Hardware works in conjunction with software. Textual hyperlinks are often underlined and appear as a different color than the majority of the text on a Web page. A list of names or topicsâ usually found at the end of a publicationâ that directs you to the pages where those names or topics are discussed within the publication. A printed or electronic publication that provides references to periodical articles or books by their subject, author, or other search terms. Instant messaging is also known as chat, especially when more than two people are communicating. The World Wide Web is part of the Internet. Journal title is one common search term. Limiting options vary by database, but common options include limiting results to materials available full-text in the database, to scholarly publications, to materials written in a particular language, to materials available in a particular location, or to materials published at a specific time. Chapter 4 : English Slovak Dictionary - Jan Simko - Google Books form library translation in English-Slovak dictionary. en Computer services in connection with the electronic processing (conversion into raw data, encoding of open data, testing accuracy and integrity testing, identification of errors and removal thereof, replacement of incorrect data, integration of new features and data reduction), archiving and storage of data, messages and information in. Chapter 5 : blog.quintoapp.com terms English-Slovak Dictionary object library translation in English-Slovak dictionary. en Stresses that significant developments aimed at assisting Members in the exercise of their mandate, particularly their legislative duties, have been achieved; points to the positive evaluation and establishment of the new Library Briefing Service, which will enhance Members' parliamentary activities; stresses the importance of Members. Chapter 6 : Plain Language Medical Dictionary U-M Library Page 7
Feudal Terminology - often found in Land, Tax and Census Records INQUILINUS / ZSELLER / JELERI - GenealogyRO Group - a dictionary of terminology Pre Social Status in the Villages of Present-day Slovakia, Vladimir Bohinc - Terminology and description. Chapter 7 : Dictionary of Terms Includes not only the terminology of the various specializations within library science and information studies but also the vocabulary of publishing, printing, binding, the book trade, graphic arts, book history, literature, bibliography, telecommunications, and computer science when, in the author's judgment, a definition might prove helpful to librarians and information. Chapter 8 : Multilingual Dictionary of Library Terminology English -> Slovak Online Dictionary - a Bilingual Dictionary from ECTACO Welcome to the ECTACO English - Slovak Online Dictionary! Please be our guest here as we invite you to experience what our comprehensive language databases can do for you. Chapter 9 : Slovak Dictionary Online Translation LEXILOGOS >> The Multilingual dictionary of cataloguing terms and concepts contains definitions for many terms and concepts used by the library cataloguing community. Definitions are taken from authoritative sources. Terms and definitions are available in English and a variety of other languages.,, etc. Page 8