Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adhesiolysis in revisional bariatric surgery, 1355 Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) complications of, 1249 1264 early postoperative, 1250 1252 cardiac, 1251 obstructive, 1251 1252 pulmonary, 1250 1251 intraoperative, 1250 late postoperative, 1252 1260 adjustable gastric band failure, 1259 1260 adjustment difficulty, 1258 1259 erosion, 1256 1257 esophageal failure, 1253 1254 GERD, 1253 port and tubing, 1252 1253 pouch dilation, 1254 weight loss failure, 1257 1258 laparoscopic, 1239 1247. See also Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) LSG vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1329 mortality rates with, 1249 revision after, 1363 1366 RYGB vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1327 1328 Adolescent(s) bariatric surgery in, 1339 1351 ethical issues related to, 1347 1348 indications for, 1342 1344 IPEG guidelines for, 1342 1343 outcomes of, 1344 1347 obesity in behavioral and medical therapy for, 1341 1342 demographics of, 1339 1340 health impact of, 1340 1341 AGB. See Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) Anastomotic leaks LRNYGB and, 1226 1228 Anastomotic strictures LRNYGB and, 1233 1234 Surg Clin N Am 91 (2011) 1397 1408 doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(11)00137-x surgical.theclinics.com 0039-6109/11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1398 Index Asthma bariatric surgery and, 1301 Atherosclerosis bariatric surgery and, 1300 B Bariatric surgery. See also Bariatric surgery procedures; Weight loss surgery in adolescents, 1339 1351. See also Adolescent(s), bariatric surgery in comorbidities related to, 1295 1312 asthma, 1301 atherosclerosis, 1300 cancer, 1304 cardiovascular disorders, 1299 1300 congestive heart failure, 1299 1300 coronary artery disease, 1300 diabetes mellitus type 2, 1296 1297 digestive disorders, 1302 1303 hyperlipidemia, 1298 1299 hypertension, 1297 1298 intracranial hypertension, 1304 menstrual disorders, 1303 1304 musculoskeletal disorders, 1303 neurologic disorders, 1303 1304 OSA, 1301 psychological disorders, 1303 1304 renal disorders, 1301 1302 sexual disorders, 1303 1304 economic costs of obesity and, 1173 1180 enteroencephalic endocrine axis communication pathways effects on, 1151 enteroinsular axis effects on, 1154 1155 evolution of, 1373 1376 current procedures in, 1376 1377 digestive adaptation, 1376 1377 gastric plication, 1377 ileal interposition, 1376 1377 future directions in, 1373 1395 ghrelin effects of, 1151 1152 glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on, 1155 glucose-independent insulinotropic peptide effects on, 1155 incretin effect in, 1155 1157 indications for, 1377 1379 laparoscopy in, 1197 leptin effects of, 1154 mortality associated with, 1314 1317 new techniques, 1379 1383 NOTES, 1380 1381 robotics, 1381 1383 single-incision laparoscopy, 1379 1380 outcomes of, 1313 1338 comparative effectiveness studies on, 1326 1329
comparison among procedures, 1319 1320 early complications patient characteristics influencing, 1326 health care cost impact, 1330 1331 importance of, 1313 1314 LAGB, 1323 1324 laparoscopic BPD/DS, 1325 life expectancy/long-term survival advantage improvement, 1329 1330 LRNYGB, 1320 1321 LSG, 1324 1325 mortality-related, 1314 1317 quality of life, 1330 risk factors associated with understanding of, 1313 1314 weight loss related, 1317 1319 peptide YY effects of, 1153 prevalence of, 1225 procedures for. See also specific procedures and Bariatric surgery procedures revisional, 1353 1371. See also Revisional bariatric surgery Bariatric surgery procedures. See also specific procedures BPD, 1183 1185 comparison among outcome-related, 1319 1320 endoscopic, 1383 1388 endoluminal sleeve, 1384 1386 endoscopic suturing platforms, 1386 1388 gastric pacing, 1386 intragastric balloon, 1383 1384 history and evolution of, 1181 1201 malabsorptive procedures, 1181 1183 malabsorptive procedures with restrictive procedures, 1183 1189 malabsorptive procedures, 1181 1183 jejunoileal bypass, 1181 1183 with restrictive procedures, 1183 1189 revision after, 1366 1367 restrictive procedures, 1189 1197 failed revision after, 1361 1366 gastric band, 1192 1195 gastroplasty, 1189 1192 with malabsorptive procedures, 1183 1189 sleeve gastrectomy, 1195 1197 BIB. See BioEnterics intragastric balloon (BIB) Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS), 1281 1293, 1374 evolution of, 1185 1187 history of, 1185 1187, 1281 1282 indications for, 1284 1285 laparoscopic complications of, 1325 1326 outcomes of, 1325 physiologic basis of, 1282 1284 Index 1399
1400 Index Biliopancreatic (continued) results of, 1288 1290 technique, 1285 1288 Biliopancreative diversion (BPD) history and evolution of, 1183 1185 BioEnterics intragastric balloon (BIB), 1383 Bleeding GI LRNYGB and, 1228 1229 BMI. See Body mass index (BMI) Body mass index (BMI) in obesity, 1163 1164 BPD. See Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) BPD-DS. See Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) C Cancer bariatric surgery and, 1304 Cardiovascular disorders bariatric surgery and, 1299 1300 Children obesity in behavioral and medical therapy for, 1341 1342 demographics of, 1339 1340 health impact of, 1340 1341 Cholelithiasis LRNYGB and, 1213 Congestive heart failure bariatric surgery and, 1299 1300 Contrast upper GI study in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 Coronary artery disease bariatric surgery and, 1300 D Death LRNYGB and, 1212 Diabetes mellitus type 2 bariatric surgery effects on, 1154 1155, 1296 1297 causes of, 1140 described, 1140 1141 economic impact of, 1167 enteroinsular axis effects of, 1154 1155 epidemic of, 1166 1167 epidemiology of, 1166 1168 incretin effect and, 1155 1157 management of, 1168 1169 obesity and, 1139 1140 described, 1144 1145 pathophysiology of, 1139 1148 prevalence of, 1139
Index 1401 Dietary intake diary and nutritional counseling in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 Digestive adaptation, 1376 1377 Digestive disorders bariatric surgery and, 1302 1303 Drains in revisional bariatric surgery, 1356 Dumping syndrome LRNYGB and, 1215 Duodenal switch BPD with, 1281 1293. See also Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) E Eagle Claw endoscopic suturing device, 1386 1387 Embolism pulmonary LRNYGB and, 1212 EndoBarrier gastrointestinal liner, 1384 1385 EndoCinch Suturing System, 1387 Endoluminal sleeve, 1384 1386 Endoscopic suturing platforms, 1386 1388 Endoscopy upper in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 Enteroencephalic endocrine axis communication pathways of bariatric surgery effects on, 1151 Enteroinsular axis bariatric surgery effects on, 1154 1155 diabetes mellitus type 2 effects on, 1154 1155 Erosion AGB and, 1256 1257 Esophageal failure AGB and, 1253 1254 late postoperative slippage/prolapse, 1254 1256 Esophageal manometry in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 1355 Ethical issues adolescent bariatric surgery related, 1347 1348 G Garren-Edwards bubble (GEB), 1383 Gastrectomy sleeve, 1265 1279. See also Sleeve gastrectomy Gastric band history and evolution of, 1192 1195 Gastric banding history of, 1240
1402 Index Gastric bypass history and evolution of, 1187 1189 Gastric pacing, 1386 Gastric plication described, 1377 Gastric stapling in revisional bariatric surgery, 1355 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) AGB and, 1253 Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding LRNYGB and, 1228 1229 Gastroplasty history and evolution of, 1189 1192 Gastrostomy tube in revisional bariatric surgery, 1356 GEB. See Garren-Edwards bubble (GEB) Genetics in obesity, 1143 GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Ghrelin bariatric surgery effects on, 1151 1152 GI. See Gastrointestinal (GI) Glucagon-like peptide-1 bariatric surgery effects of, 1155 Glucose-independent insulinotropic peptide bariatric surgery effects of, 1155 H Health care costs bariatric surgery effects on, 1330 1331 Hernia(s) internal LRNYGB and, 1213, 1229 Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia LRNYGB and, 1215 1216 Hyperlipidemia bariatric surgery and, 1298 1299 Hypertension bariatric surgery and, 1297 1298 intracranial bariatric surgery and, 1304 Hypoglycemia hyperinsulinemic LRNYGB and, 1215 1216 I Ileal interposition, 1376 1377 Incretin effect diabetes mellitus type 2 effects of, 1155 1157
Index 1403 Internal hernia LRNYGB and, 1213, 1229 International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG) guidelines for bariatric surgery in adolescents, 1342 1343 Intestinal leaks LRNYGB and, 1212 Intestinal obstruction LRNYGB and, 1230 1231 Intracranial hypertension bariatric surgery and, 1304 Intragastric balloon, 1383 1384 IPEG. See International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG) J Jejunoileal bypass history and evolution of, 1181 1183 L LAGB. See Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) LAP-BAND history of, 1240 Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) comorbidities associated with resolution of, 1243 complications of, 1324 described, 1239 evolution of, 1239 1247 intraoperative care, 1241 1242 outcomes of, 1242 1243, 1323 1324 short- and long-term, 1242 weight loss related, 1242 1243 placement of surgical technique, 1240 1241 postoperative care, 1241 1242 preoperative care, 1241 1242 Laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch (BPD-DS) complications of, 1325 1326 outcomes of, 1325 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRNYGB) complications of, 1211 1216, 1225 1237, 1321 1322 anastomotic leaks, 1226 1228 anastomotic strictures, 1233 1234 bypassed stomach dilatation, 1214 cholelithiasis, 1213 death, 1212 dumping syndrome, 1215 GI bleeding, 1228 1229 hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, 1215 1216 inadequate weight loss, 1214 internal hernia, 1213, 1229
1404 Index Laparoscopic (continued) intestinal leaks, 1212 intestinal obstruction, 1230 1231 marginal ulcers, 1213 1214, 1231 1233 nutritional, 1216 1218 pulmonary embolism, 1212 stomal stenosis, 1213 venous thromboembolism, 1226 wound-related, 1214 current techniques, 1207 1210 analysis of, 1210 1211 linear-stapled technique, 1210 transoral circular-stapled technique, 1208 1209 described, 1225 evolution of, 1203 1207 for morbid obesity, 1203 1224 mortality rates with, 1249 outcomes of, 1320 1321 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y linear-stapled technique, 1210 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y transoral circular-stapled technique, 1208 1209 Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) AGB vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1329 complications of, 1325 outcomes of, 1324 1325 RYGB vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1328 1329 Laparoscopy in bariatric surgery, 1197 single-incision, 1379 1380 Leak testing in revisional bariatric surgery, 1355 1356 Leptin bariatric surgery effects of, 1154 Loop gastric bypass conversion to RYGB, 1357 1358 LRNYGB. See Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRNYGB) LSG. See Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) M Manometry esophageal in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 1355 Marginal ulcers LRNYGB and, 1213 1214, 1231 1233 Menstrual disorders bariatric surgery and, 1303 1304 Metabolic syndrome, 1141 1142 Metformin for obesity in adolescents, 1342
Index 1405 Mineral deficiencies after LRNYGB, 1216 1218 Musculoskeletal disorders bariatric surgery and, 1303 N Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), 1380 1381 Neurologic disorders bariatric surgery and, 1303 1304 Neuropeptide Y bariatric surgery effects on, 1152 1153 NOTES. See Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Nutrition complications after LRNYGB, 1216 1218 O Obesity BMI criteria for, 1163 1164 childhood behavioral and medical therapy for, 1341 1342 demographics of, 1339 1340 health impact of, 1340 1341 defined, 1141, 1163 described, 1139 diabetes mellitus type 2 and, 1139 1140 described, 1144 1145 pathophysiologic connection between, 1167 1168 diseases associated with, 1173 1174 economic impact of, 1139, 1166 bariatric surgery effects on, 1173 1180 described, 1173 1176 epidemic of, 1165 1166 epidemiology of, 1163 1166 factors leading to, 1141 1143 familial component in, 1143 genetic defects in, 1143 hypotheses and theories about, 1149 1150 management of, 1168 1169 morbid prevalence of, 1313 surgical treatment for LRNYGB in, 1203 1224. See also Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRNYGB) morbidity and mortality related to, 1164 1165 pathophysiology of, 1139 1148 prevalence of, 1139, 1313, 1339 types of, 1164 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) bariatric surgery and, 1301
1406 Index Orlistat for obesity in adolescents, 1342 OSA. See Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) P Peptide YY bariatric surgery effects of, 1153 Pouch dilation AGB and, 1256 Psychological disorders bariatric surgery and, 1303 1304 Pulmonary embolism LRNYGB and, 1212 Q Quality of life after bariatric surgery, 1330 R REALIZE band, 1240 REE. See Resting energy expenditure (REE) Renal disorders bariatric surgery and, 1301 1302 Resting energy expenditure (REE), 1142 1143 Revisional bariatric surgery, 1353 1371 adhesiolysis in, 1355 after AGB, 1363 1366 after failed restrictive procedures, 1361 1366 after VBG, 1361 1363 drains in, 1356 gastric stapling in, 1355 gastrostomy tube in, 1356 laparoscopy vs. open approach to, 1356 leak testing in, 1355 1356 loop gastric bypass conversion to RYGB, 1357 1358 malabsorption added to RYGB, 1359 1361 operative principles of, 1355 1356 overview of, 1353 1354 preoperative evaluation and testing in, 1354 1355 contrast upper GI study, 1354 dietary intake diary and nutritional counseling, 1354 esophageal manometry, 1354 1355 upper endoscopy, 1354 proximal RYGB revision, 1358 1359 RYGB revision, 1356 1357 Rimonabant for obesity in adolescents, 1342 Robotics, 1381 1383
Index 1407 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) AGB vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1327 1328 loop gastric bypass conversion to, 1357 1358 LSG vs. comparative effectiveness studies on, 1328 1329 malabsorption added to, 1359 1361 proximal revision of, 1358 1359 revision of, 1356 1357 RYGB. See Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) S Sexual disorders bariatric surgery and, 1303 1304 Sibutramine for obesity in adolescents, 1341 Single-incision laparoscopy, 1379 1380 Sleep apnea obstructive bariatric surgery and, 1301 Sleeve gastrectomy, 1265 1279 complications of, 1272 1276 evolution of, 1195 1197 history of, 1195 1197, 1265 laparoscopic. See Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) mechanisms of action related to, 1271 1272 outcomes of, 1268 1271 technique, 1265 1268 weight loss due to, 1268 1271 Slippage/prolapse AGB and, 1254 1256 Stenosis(es) stomal LRNYGB and, 1213 Stomach dilatation bypassed LRNYGB and, 1214 Stomal stenosis LRNYGB and, 1213 Swedish Adjustable Band, 1240 Syndrome X, 1141 1142 T TEE. See Total energy expenditure (TEE) Thromboembolism venous LRNYGB and, 1226 Topiramate for obesity in adolescents, 1342
1408 Index Total energy expenditure (TEE), 1142 1143 Trans-oral endoscopic Restrictive Implant System, 1387 1388 Transoral gastroplasty system, 1387, 1388 U Ulcer(s) marginal LRNYGB and, 1213 1214, 1231 1233 Upper endoscopy in revisional bariatric surgery evaluation, 1354 V ValenTX endoscopically placed sleeve, 1385 1386 VBG. See Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) Venous thromboembolism LRNYGB and, 1226 Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) history of, 1240 revision after, 1361 1363 Vitamin deficiencies after LRNYGB, 1216 1218 W Weight loss after AGB failure of, 1257 1258 bariatric surgery and, 1317 1319 inadequate after LRNYGB, 1214 LAGB and, 1242 1243 sleeve gastrectomy and, 1268 1271 Weight loss surgery. See also specific types and Bariatric surgery described, 1150 1157 effectiveness of, 1150 enteroencephalic endocrine axis communication pathways effects on, 1151 enteroinsular axis effects on, 1154 1155 ghrelin effects of, 1151 1152 glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on, 1155 glucose-independent insulinotropic peptide effects on, 1155 incretin effect in, 1155 1157 leptin effects of, 1154 neuropeptide Y effects of, 1152 1153 peptide YY effects of, 1153 physiology of, 1139 1151 Wound(s) LRNYGB-related complications of, 1214