Approaches to E-Book Acquisition in Bavaria Dr. Michaela Hammerl 19. April 2016
2 The current e-book market E-book market share in the German book market: 2012: 2,4% 2013: 3,9% 2014: 4,3% 2015: 4,5% E-book sales in Germany: 2012: 13,2 million 2013: 21,5 million 2014: 24,8 million Publishers: About two thirds are selling e-books Resellers: Nearly 80% are providing e-books for libraries Readers: About every fourth person in Germany reads e-books
3 E-book acquisition in German academic libraries Status quo: Most German academic libraries buy e-book packages More and more libraries sign agreements with e-book aggregators Many academic libraries have begun to integrate e-books in their acquisition profiles and workflow routines Postulations and requirements: More German publishers to produce e-books More German content to be included in e-book aggregators More attractive content to be on offer, e.g. textbooks Publication date of e-books no later than for print editions Acceptable and flexible pricing models and conditions Attractive consortium and discount models Archival rights for purchased content Models of supraregional licensing and interlibrary loan
4 Acquisition models for e-books Purchasing vs. licensing models: Purchase: one-time fee for perpetual access License: annual licensing fee depending on FTE, number of simultaneous users, number of titles, discounts etc. Sometimes combination of one-time purchase and annual hosting fee Pick & choose vs. packages: Some publishers just offer packages (complete, subject or annual collections) Some publishers offer pick & choose models or download of single titles In many cases there are different distribution channels for single titles (via aggregators) and packages (via the publisher directly) Publisher platforms vs. aggregator platforms: Publisher platforms mostly provide packages or subject collections (purchase or license) Aggregator platforms allow individual selections and single title purchases; for using the platform a hosting fee is charged in many cases
5 E-books on publisher platforms Business models of publishers: Purchasing and licensing models, sometimes additional hosting fees Packages and subject collections or pick&choose models with single-title purchase Multipliers and DRM systems for textbooks and handbooks Purchase of annual collections in advance without definitive title lists Evidence-based selection: access to the whole e-book package of the publisher for one year, then selection of titles for perpetual access Library suppliers: Used by most of the publishers for the distribution of e-books But some consortium proposals don t allow library suppliers Advantage: additional services such as invoicing, metadata, title lists etc.
6 E-books on aggregator platforms Definition: International platforms with a large number of e-books of many different publishers Developed for the use in libraries: user interface and administration tool for librarians Restrictive DRM, often delayed publication, only few textbooks and handbooks Prices determined by publishers, sometimes additional hosting fee Availability in Germany: ProQuest E-Book Central: Germany-wide consortium with over 160 members, distribution by German library suppliers (Dreier, Lehmanns, Massmann and Schweitzer) EBSCO E-Books: Germany-wide consortium for single-title purchase MyiLibrary (since 2015 part of ProQuest, but platform still available until 2017): Germany-wide consortium for PDA in cooperation with Missing Link
7 Different kinds of aggregators (1) Large international aggregator platforms: Large number of e-books of many different publishers for all academic disciplines and in many languages Business models especially for academic libraries: single-title purchase, simultaneous user model, admin tool for librarians, consortium models, purchase or subscription models Patron-Driven Acquisition: User-based instead of systematic collection development: acquisition of an e-book only after it has been used Profiling by librarians, loading metadata into library catalogues Cooperation with library suppliers: German-speaking contact as advantage for the libraries, additional service features such as invoicing in Euro, new publication lists etc. German library suppliers are constantly working on the integration of more German language content
8 Different kinds of aggregators (2) Publisher platforms serving as aggregators: For some time now publisher platforms have also been providing e-books of other publishers Business models are the same for all titles on the platform Advantage for small publishers: no proprietary development necessary, platform is already known by many users Advantage for large publishers: increasing number of e-books, more variety of titles and subjects Examples of publisher platforms: Gale Virtual Reference Library (Cengage Learning): over 12.000 e-books of English and American publishers (Greenhaven Press, ABC Clio, Encyclopedia Britannica, Greenwood, Information Science Reference etc.) De Gruyter: e-books of cooperation partners integrated in packages (Birkhäuser, Detail, Harvard University Press, Böhlau etc.) Oxford University Press: access to more than 14.000 e-books of different university presses through University Press Scholarship Online
9 Different kinds of aggregators (3) Specialised aggregators: Large number of e-books of different publishers But selection of special subjects or content providers Examples for specialised aggregators: Content-Select (Preselect.media): platform for e-book packages of many German publishers (Campus, Linde, Beltz, Lambertus, Kohlhammer, Waxmann etc.) Knovel: platform for e-books and databases of over 100 publishers for technical and engineering disciplines JSTOR: platform with more than 35.000 e-books of diverse university presses Safari Tech Books Online: over 40.000 e-books of the most important technology publishers Torrossa.it (Casalini libri): platform for over 24.000 e-books of various publishers from Romance-speaking countries Cairn: platform for various French publishers
10 Consortium models for e-books Most of the consortium licenses are processed by regional consortia (Bavarian Consortium, HeBIS, hbz etc.) Some proposals are negotiated for the whole GASCO area (German, Austrian and Swiss Consortia Organisation) Sometimes library suppliers and agencies also deal with consortium proposals for all German academic libraries Pricing models: (1) Discounts for package prices depending on the number of consortium members (2) Individual selection of titles or packages with discounts depending on the total sales volume (e.g. ebrary, MyiLibrary, Springer, De Gruyter) (3) Nation-wide consortia, funded by the German Research Foundation License agreements: (1) Individual agreements for every consortium member (signed by each member) and framework contract for the consortium (signed by the head of the consortium) (2) Consortium agreement for all consortium members, signed by the head of the consortium; declarations of accession signed by each member
11 E-books within the Bavarian Consortium Bavarian Consortium: 11 university libraries, 19 universities of applied sciences, Bavarian State Library and 10 regional state libraries Negotiated centrally by the consortium office at the Bavarian State Library Many agreements for e-journals, databases and e-books (see www.bayern-konsortium.de) Current e-book agreements: Germany-wide proposals for e-book aggregators ProQuest E-Book Central, MyiLibrary and EBSCO E-Books Regional or Germany-wide agreements for e-books with the following publishers (examples): De Gruyter, Springer, Nomos, Thieme, Safari, CUP, Duncker & Humblot, Taylor & Francis Consortial licenses for reference works (examples): Brockhaus, Langenscheidt, Duden via Munzinger-Online, OUP, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Routledge, Britannica
12 Interlibrary loan for e-books Introduction within the Bavarian Library Network: 2015 technical installation as part of the central server for interlibrary loan Pilot until the end of 2016 with four publishers (De Gruyter, Duncker & Humblot, Otto Sagner, Franz Steiner) Conditions: Temporary and controlled provision only for authorized interlibrary loan users over a period of two weeks Limited number of loans per title and year Consortium management: Central configuration database with licensing information Consortial administration by the consortium office at the Bavarian State Library Pooling of loans within the consortium if requested by the publisher Perspective: Integration of all German library networks Negotiations with other publishers Workshop in 2016 to exchange experiences and discuss further strategies
13 Germany-wide licensing models National licenses: From 2004 to 2010 the German Research Foundation sponsored the acquisition of electronic media within its national licensing program Examples for e-book collections: Early English Books Online, Eighteenth Century Collection Online, Digital Library of Classic Protestant Texts, China Ancient Books etc. Alliance Initiative: From 2011 the National Licenses were replaced by the Alliance Licenses Not funded completely by the German Research Foundation, but the libraries have to finance about 75% of the costs themselves Based on national opt-in-consortia; aiming at high licensing standards The new Scientific Information Services" Programme: Substitution of the special collection fields (since 1949) Intensified concentration on the requirements of the academic community rather than building complete collections Standardization and centralization of negotiations: establishment of a center of excellence for the licensing of electronic resources Substitution of print literature by electronic resources as a long-term policy
14 Conclusion The German academic e-book market: Growing amount of German language content Print and electronic versions of most books, e-books as 1:1 copies of the print editions E-books in German libraries: Integration in acquisition routines is still in progress Germany-wide licenses for e-books are being negotiated Standards for e-books and e-book licenses are worked upon in different library committees E-books in Bavaria: Increasing number of consortium agreements with large German and international publishers Cooperative models for cataloguing and usage, e.g. interlibrary loan Single-title purchase and PDA with the international aggregators ProQuest and EBSCO Outlook: Integration of new acquisition models into the consortium portfolio Development of seminal e-book models for libraries together with the publishers and resellers Purpose: best possible availability of electronic content for all library users
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