A YUDAS PARA LA ESCRITURA EN ESPANOL

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A YUDAS PARA LA ESCRITURA EN ESPANOL Vocabulario relacionado con la realidad espacial: Lugares a un lado de, al lado de next to a la derecha de, a mano derecha de to the right of a la izquierda de, a mano izquierda de to the left of al entrar/ al salir going in, going out al fondo, hacia atras / hacia enfrente, de frente in the back, towards the back, towards the front, in front dar a leads to en medio de, entre, in the middle of, between encima de / debajo de on top of, on the bottom of enfrente de / atras de, detras de in front of, behind estar: situado(a), ubicado(a), rodeado(a) de to be situated, located, surrounded by quedar (X queda a mano izquierda) to be located tener vista a to have a view of Vocabulario relacionado con la cronologia 0 para marcar el orden a partir de beginning with al + infinitive upon + verb in gerund (AI entrar = upon entering) al cabo de at the end of al (dfa, mes, ano) siguiente the following day, month, year... al final in the end al mismo tiempo at the same time al principio in the beginning antes de (que) before cuando when despues de que / luego de (que) after which durante during en aquel entonces at that time entonces then luego then, since mientras while mientras tanto meanwhile por fin, finalmente finally tan pronto como, en cuanto as soon as ~ ~~ ante todo first of all en primer/segundo/tercer lugar in first, second, third place I

por ultimo por fin, finalmente al mismo tiempo asfpues pues/ ya que a continuaci6n en consecuencia, par consiguiente al mismo tiempo luego/ entonces mientras tanto por ahora para empezar (terminar) lastly finally at the same time and so, so then since following consequently at the same time then ("next" in a series of events) meanwhile, during this time for now to begin, to end Vocabulario para reportar el diillogo Contestar: Decir: Decir: replicar (to reply), responder (to respond) admitir (to admit), anunciar (to announce), contar (to tell), exclamar (to exclaim), gritar (to shout), grunir (to grunt), lamentar (to lament, feel sorry about) murmurar (to murmur), ofrecer ( to offer), prometer (to promise), recomendar (to recommend) relatar (to relate a story), sugerir (to suggest) Pedir: Preguntar: implorar (to implore), rogar (to beg), suplicar (to beg, implore) demandar (to demand), interrogar (to question, interrogate) Vocabulario para definir Aclarar (to clarify) Ejemplificar (to exemplify) Especificar (to specify) EI(la)_ consiste en (The _ consists of) es de (color, forma, tamano, apariencia) (The _ is of X color, form, size, appearance) es originario (originaria) de (The _ is of X origin) se caracteriza por (is characterized by) se canace popularmente como _ (is commonly known as) se emplea en (is used in) se parece a (is similar to) significa, quiere decir ( means, signifies) sirve para (sirves for/as) sugiere (suggests)

Vocabulario para el analisis y la clasficaci6n Criterios de analisis Componerse de (to be made of); Consistir en (una idea 0 concepto) (to consist of) Constar de (enumeraci6n de varias partes 0 concepto) Comprender (to comprehend) descomponerse en (to break down, separate) dividirse en, separarse en (to divide/separate) formarse de (to be made up of, formed of) Algunos elementos en gue se divide una entidad EI aspecto (the appearance) EI elemento (the element) EI estrato (stratum) La funci6n (the function) el nivel (the level) la parte (the part) el segmento (the segment) Criterios de clasificaci6n Agruparse en (to be grouped in) clasificarse (por, segun, atendiendo a) (to classify... ) Asignarse a diferentes c1ases (to assign to different classes) Grupos 0 clases Las categorfas (the categories) Las c1ases (the classes) Las especies (the species) Los generos (the types, kinds, genres) los grupos (the groups) los 6rdenes (the orders) los tipos (the types) Vocabulario para hacer comparaciones 0 contrastes A diferencia de, en contraste con (in contrast to) 10 mismo que (the same as) AI contrario, por el contrario (on the contrary) mas/menos que (morelless than) AI igual que (the same as) no obstante, sin embargo (nevertheless) Tan... como... (as... as with adjectives/adverbs) tantolalos/as... como... (as... as with nouns) Diferenciarse de (to be different from) tener alga en comun (to have something in common) En cambio (on the other hand) En contraste con (in contrast to) Asemejarse a, parecerse a (to be similar to) Compartir las mismas caracterfsticas (to share the same characteristics) Ser diferente de, ser distinto a (to be different from) De la misma manera, del mismo modo (in the same way) Vocabulario para las relaciones de causa y efecto A causa de (que), (because of) Porque, puesto que, (because, seeing that) Causar (to cause), desencadenar (to unleash, trigger), EI resultado (the result) Resultar de, (to result from) debido a que (due to) ya que (since) producir (to produce), provocar (to provoke) resultar en ( to result in) proceder de (to come from) 3

Por consiguiente (consequently) se debe a (que) (it's due to) Por eso, por este motivo, (for that, for that motive) por 10 tanto (therefore) CUlpar (to blame) implicar (to implicate) ser responsible de (to be responsible of) Responsabilizar (to hold someone responsible) Asf que (so that) Como consecuencia, como resultado (as a consequence) Acabar + gerundio (to have ended up... Le., Acab6 limpiando... He ended up' cleaning...) Vocabulario para la presentaci6n de argumentos A causa de (because of) Coincidir con (to coincide with) Los estudiosos de la materia han concluido que los contrincantes opinan que (the opponents think) concordar con (to be in agreement with) Those who study the supject have concluded Dar por... (concluido, sabido) (to consider something concluded, known) Los investigadores/ los partidarios opinan que Los proponentes mantienen que Segun (los conocedores, expertos...) Discrepar de (to disagree with) Es evidente que, esta claro que, (it is evident that) De antemano (in advance) Vocabulario para resumir argumentos - EI prop6sito fundamental del autor es... EI valor de la obra reside en '" (the investigators / the supporters think) (the proponents maintain) (according to those who know, the experts) Estar de acuerdo con (to agree with) Esta 16gico pensar que (it is logical to think that) En su mayor parte (for the most part) (the basic purpose of the author is) (the value of the work resides in) En conjunto, la obra de... se caracteriza por... (as a whole, the work is characterized by) La acci6n se reduce a 10 siguiente... (the action boils down to the following) La postura fundamental que aquf se asume es (the basic position that is assumed is) La trama puede resumirse como. (the plot can be summed up as) Gtro rasgo sumamente notable es. (another notable characteristic is) Uno de los rasgos caracteristicos es... Vocabulario para citar autores y otras fuentes en el trabajo Segun, de acuerdo con... X afirma que, X establece que Su punto de vista es... Su posici6n es que... (one of the characteristic traits is) According to X affirms that, states that His/Her viewpoint is... His/Her position is that...

Vocabulario para las introducciones Conviene (it is advisable, it's a good idea) + aclarar (to clarify), investigar (to investigate), hacer notar (take note) Es forzoso (It's necessary) + conocer (to know), poner de relieve (to highlight), destacar (to point out), reconocer (to recognize) Es conveniente, es necesario, + examinar (to examine), precisar (specify), implicar, repasar (to review) Es preciso, es una buena idea Importa (it's important) + entender (to understand), responder a (to respond to), No vendrfa mal (it wouldn't be a bad idea) ver de cerca (see up close) Con respecto a, en cuanto a, se trata de With regards to, it deals with... Tiene que ver con, por 10 que se refiere a It has to do with, in what it refers to En conexi6n con, en 10 tocante a in relation to Hay que tener presente, hay que tener en cuenta (one must keep in mind) A manera de ilustraci6n se analizaran ( dos, cinco, X) aspectos (As an example (2, 5, X) aspects will be analyzed Vocabulario para las conclusiones AI fin y al cabo, en el fondo, En realidad, en resumen, en resumidas cuentas Como consecuencia, en consecuencia Comoquiera que se examine el hecho En todo caso De 10 anterior... se deduce/desprende que, Hay que tener en cuenta, Hay que tener presente que Despues de todo, Por 10 tanto En conclusion, Resumiendo brevemente, En definitiva AI final dellibro (capftulo,etc) En fin, finalmente En conclusion En resumen AI fin y al cabo Despues de todo En suma in the end in actuality, in summary, in brief, as a consequence any way you look at it in any case from the aforementioned... one can deduce one must keep in mind therefore in conclusion briefly summarizing all things considered end of a book/ chapter, etc. finally in conclusion in summary in the end after all in short Vocabulario para hacer transiciones 0 comparaciones A favor de in favor of En cuanto a f tocante af con respecto de with regard to Mientras while AI respecto in the matter of Con todo still, however Aun asf even so A pesar de in spite of Ahora bien now then Sobre todo above all, most of all Por ejemplo for example

As!, de ese modo Ademas de Tambieln Por el contrario En cambio En contra de Semejante a Por 10 tanto As[ Por esol por 10 tanto En gran parte Por 10 general Afortunadamente De todos modos thus, in this way In addition to Also on the contrary instead against similar to therefore in this wayl thus therefore for the most part in general, generally fortunately anyway, anyhow Mas aun, ademas furthermore Adicionalmentel por 10 demas in addition, Asimismo likewise Por otra parte, por otro lado on the other hand En contraste con in contrast to Igual que the same as (equal to) As[pues and so, so then En consecuencia, por consiguiente consequently De modo que so that Aunque eventho~gh Por ahora for now Quizas, a 10 mejor perhaps Desgraciadamente, desafortunadamente unfortunately