UNIT 2 Cn you elieve your eyes?, negtive prefixes, expressing degrees of certinty, modl vers Listening: opticl illusions explined 1 In pirs Look t these three imges nd nswer the questions. Compre your nswers in groups. Wht word do you see? 2 Listen to Trck 5, n interview with n expert on opticl illusions nd nswer these questions. Wht cuses n opticl illusion? 1 The eyes see something the rin doesn t see. 2 The rin thinks it sees something tht is not there. Which of the exmples in Activity 1 is physiologicl illusion nd which is cognitive illusion? c Wht explntion does Chngizi give for opticl illusions? 1 The rin sees things efore the eye. 2 The rin genertes imges from the future. 3 Perception nd relity re lwys the sme. Cn you see lck dots here? Wht hppens when you try to count the lck dots? c Are the tle tops the sme size? Which is longer? Which is wider? 3 Now listen gin to Trck 5. Mtch the definitions f to the terms 1 4 nd complete the sentences e nd f. c d 1 opticl illusion 2 physiologicl illusion 3 cognitive illusion 4 neurl lg When we receive too much stimultion of prticulr type in the eye, it cuses us to see something tht is not there. The spce of time the rin tkes to ctch up with wht the eye is seeing. When we look t something nd think we see something tht is not ctully there. When we mke ssumptions out something we see sed on wht we lredy know. e When light hits the retin, out one-tenth of second goes y efore the rin trnsltes the signl into... of the world. f Chngizi sserts tht the humn... compenstes for these neurl delys nd produces imges of wht will occur one-tenth of second into the future. 4 In pirs Now try these three puzzles. Explin them using the informtion from Activities 2 nd 3. Cn you red wht this sys? It s prttey fnuny how we cn red tihs einrte snetnece wtih ll tehse ltteres ll out of plce, nd we cn cnotniue to keep rednig nd sitll mke snese of wht we re reding. No mtter how mny tmies you red tihs oevr nd oevr you cn sitll mke snese of it. How is tht pssoile? 14 unit two
Wht do you see here? c Look t the chrt elow nd sy the COLOUR of the word, not the word itself. Functionl lnguge: expressing degrees of certinty YELLOW BLUE ORANGE BLACK RED GREEN PURPLE YELLOW RED ORANGE GREEN BLACK BLUE RED PURPLE GREEN BLUE ORANGE 5 Listen to Trck 6. The people re discussing one of these photogrphs. Which one? 7 Drw tle nd put these expressions in it ccording to the degree of certinty. it might e it could e it must e it cn t e it hs to e there s no wy it s it couldn t e, could it? do you think it could e.? I m sure it s it my e I think it s I hve feeling it s I et it s certin (yes) uncertin certin (no) 6 Listen gin nd complete the expressions with the words you her. KATIE: I... it s some kind of technologicl device. JAMES: There s... it s prt of toster. c KATIE: I... it might e something to plug something into, ecuse of the holes. d KATIE: Yes,... e little pins tht go into those holes. e KATIE: Hmm... e the ck prt of something connected to computer? f JAMES: You re right... the hrd drive for computer. g KATIE: Yes,... tht s wht it is! Sy the sentences elow in s mny wys s you cn, expressing different degrees of certinty. They re French. c Jck stole my cr. Kren nd Richrd don t like John. d Rchel didn t et the cke. Pronuncition: stress nd intontion to express degrees of certinty 8 Listen to Trck 7. Tick the sentence in which the speker sounds more certin. 1 I think she went to her pino lesson. 1 I think she went to her pino lesson. 2 He might e wtching TV. 2 He might e wtching TV. 3 I m pretty sure it s the person from the fruit stll. 3 I m pretty sure it s the person from the fruit stll. Now underline where the min stress flls in the sentence in ech cse. 9 Prctise sying the sentences in Activity 7 with different stress nd intontion to show the degree of certinty. 10 Look t the pictures on pge 127 nd discuss wht you think they re. Mke t lest ten guesses. Use the expressions in 7. unit two 15
Reding: cse histories 11 Bckground Red out the writer Oliver Scks. Wht is the story going to e out? Wht does neurologist do? c Do you know ny people with unusul mentl ilities? Oliver Scks ws orn in 1933 in London, into fmily of physicins nd scientists. He erned his medicl degree t Oxford University. Since 1965, he hs lived in New York, where he is prctising neurologist. In 2007, he ws ppointed Professor of Clinicl Neurology nd Clinicl Psychitry t Columi University. Scks is perhps est known for his collections of cse histories from his experience s neurologist, The Mn who Mistook his Wife for Ht nd An Anthropologist on Mrs, in which he descries ptients struggling to live with unusul neurologicl conditions. 12 Red this extrct from cse history. The Mn who Mistook his Wife for Ht In this cse, Dr Scks is interviewing highly educted musicin, Dr P, who hs een referred to him fter the ophthlmologist concluded tht there ws nothing wrong with Dr P s eyes, ut tht he clerly hd prolems seeing. Cn I help? I sked. Help wht? Help whom? Help you put on your shoe. Ach, he sid, I hd forgotten the shoe, dding, sotto voce, The shoe? The shoe? He seemed ffled. Your shoe, I repeted. Perhps you d put it on. He continued to look downwrds, though not t the shoe, with n intense ut misplced concentrtion. Finlly his gze settled on his foot: Tht is my shoe, yes? Did I mis-her? Did he mis-see? My eyes, he explined, nd put hnd to his foot. This is my shoe, no? No, it is not. Tht is your foot. There is your shoe. Ah! I thought tht ws my foot. Ws he joking? Ws he md? Ws he lind? If this ws one of his strnge mistkes, it ws the strngest mistke I hd ever come cross. I helped him on with his shoe (his foot) to void further compliction. Dr P himself seemed untrouled, indifferent, mye mused. I resumed my exmintion. His visul cuity ws good: he hd no difficulty seeing pin on the floor, though sometimes he missed it if it ws plced to his left. He sw ll right, ut wht did he see? I opened copy of the Ntionl Geogrphic Mgzine nd sked him to descrie some pictures in it. His responses here were very curious. His eyes would drt from one thing to nother, picking up tiny fetures, individul fetures, s they hd done with my fce. A striking rightness, colour, shpe would rrest his ttention nd elicit comments ut in no cse did he get the scene-s-whole. He filed to see the whole, seeing only detils, which he spotted like lips on rdr screen. He never entered into reltion with the picture s whole never fced, so to spek, its physiognomy. He hd no sense whtever of lndscpe or scene. I showed him the cover, n unroken expnse of Shr dunes. Wht do you see here? I sked. I see river, he sid. And little guest-house with its terrce on the wter. People re dining out on the terrce. I see coloured prsols here nd there. He ws looking, if it ws looking, right off the cover into midir nd confulting nonexistent fetures, s if the sence of fetures in the ctul picture hd driven him to imgine the river nd the terrce nd the coloured prsols. I must hve looked ghst, ut he seemed to think he hd done rther well. There ws hint of smile on his fce. He lso ppered to hve decided tht the exmintion ws over nd strted to look round for his ht. He reched out his hnd nd took hold of his wife s hed, tried to lift it off, to put it on. He hd pprently mistken his wife for ht! His wife looked s if she ws used to such things. I could mke no sense of wht hd occurred in terms of conventionl neurology (or neuropsychology). In some wys he seemed perfectly preserved, nd in others solutely, incomprehensily devstted. How could he, on the one hnd, mistke his wife for ht nd, on the other, function, s pprently he did, s techer t the Music School? Tken from The Mn who Mistook his Wife for Ht nd Other Clinicl Tles y Oliver Scks pulished y Touchstone Books (Simon nd Schuster) 1998 16 unit two
13 Fct check Who or wht... thought t first tht Dr P my e crzy? is not worried t ll y Dr P s condition? c ws Dr P not le to see? d did Dr P look t insted of the picture from the mgzine? e ws not surprised y Dr P s ehviour? f ws Dr Scks surprised out Dr P eing le to do? 14 Now red the extrct gin nd nswer these questions. Wht re the mistkes tht Dr P mkes with these things? shoe desert scene ht Wht is Dr Scks explntion for these mistkes? 15 Voculry Wht do these words in the text men? Mtch the words with their menings. sotto voce misplced c indifferent d striking e drt f physiognomy g confulte h conventionl 1 to invent things unconsciously from memory 2 in low voice 3 the humn fce, fcil fetures 4 without interest 5 trditionl, norml 6 to move quickly 7 put in the wrong plce 8 noticele, fscinting Lnguge in chunks 16 Use these expressions from the text in the sentences elow. Chnge the form where necessry. to look downwrds to settle one s gze on something visul cuity to elicit comments to rrest one s ttention hint of to look ghst to look s if to mke sense of She... when he suggested tht she should nturlly e le to cook ecuse she ws womn. How could people think like tht in the 21st century? John opened the instructions nd tried... the impossile digrms nd technicl words he sw. c There ws something out the photogrph tht.... She... on one person in the ck row. She knew she hd seen him somewhere efore, ut where? Suddenly, her fce chnged nd she... she hd seen ghost. The room fell silent. d The eye doctor gve me test to determine my.... There ws... smile on his lips when he relised tht I hd memorised the chrt efore the test. e The students..., string intently t their ooks, when Ms Collins sked for the nswer to the first homework prolem. She tried... y sking questions, ut no one rised their eyes to risk nswering her. Now use t lest four of the phrses in sentences of your own. 17 In pirs Which of these would you rther hve? Tick the oxes. perfect vision? gret hering? c the ility to cook well? d the ility to write music? e the ility to ply musicl instrument well? f the ility to drw well? Rnk them in order nd note your resons. Then compre with nother pir. Voculry: negtive prefixes with mis,- un,- in,- dis,- im-, de- 18 Word formtion Use your dictionry. Choose the correct word. She ws untrouled / introuled y his rection. He ws indifferent / undifferent to her dog. He relly didn t cre much for nimls. c Wht you feel is irrelevnt / unrelevnt to me. d Tht s impossile / unpossile. e Her sttements re completely illogicl / unlogicl. Wht she sys does not mke sense. unit two 17
19 Drw tle, mke these djectives negtive nd plce them in the correct row. un- im- in- ir- il- rticulte udile elievle comfortle complete conscious cooked correct edile expected unmiguous improle fmilir friendly hppy helthy legl legile mture modest necessry perfect plesnt polite rtionl relile responsile sne successful tidy usul well Cn you see ny rules? Look t the first letter of the djectives. Try to dd s mny djectives s you cn to the tle. 20 Complete this prgrph with the negtive djectives from Activity 19. Sometimes more thn one nswer is possile. She looked round her. She ws in... surroundings she didn t recognise nything. She tried to spek, ut her voice ws... no sound cme out. Wht hd hppened to her? The lst thing she rememered, she hd een eting rther c... mel with her rother Joe. The fish ws d..., lmost rw, nd the vegetles were completely e..., ecuse they were urned. Joe hd een f..., tlking out strnge things tht mde no sense s usul he hd een g..., tlking out how gret he ws ll the time. Hd he drugged her? This ws h..., ut not i.... For some time now he hd een cting strngely nd she ws eginning to think tht he ws j.... Srh felt s if she hd een k... for severl hours in deep sleep. She rued her eyes nd sw note on the tle it ws in Joe s lmost l... hndwriting. 21 Red these sentences. Discuss the different menings of the prefixes. She disconnected the computer during the storm. The policemn quickly disrmed the roer. c Thousnds of people were displced y the wr. d e She hd misplced her ht nd couldn t find it. They unwrpped the gift nd found it ws food processor. f He looked dngerous, ut he held up his rms to show tht he ws unrmed. g She hd one minute to dectivte the lrm efore the ell strted ringing. 22 Form new vers with the prefixes dis-, mis-, un-, de- nd complete the sentences elow with suitle form of the ver. ctivte code her stisfy wrp gree connect infect spek pper continue judge stilise elieve do like understnd dectivte I think I... her. I thought she ws selfish nd cold, ut she s ctully very good person. You must hve... me. I sid you should e here t 7 not 11! c George ws very... with his new computer. It ws slow nd kept crshing. d I m frid tht line of products hs een.... We no longer mke them. e Tht s nsty cut on your leg. You should clen it crefully nd... it. f They st down nd strted to... the messge. They hd een trined very crefully to do this. g The ssssintion of politicl leder often... ntion. 18 unit two
Speking: identity prde 23 In pirs Look t these photos for one minute nd try to rememer wht the people look like. Then close your ooks nd descrie the people in s much detil s possile. 24 Now turn to Activity Bnk 3 on p 128. Cn you find the two people in Activity 23 in the line-up of people? 25 Role ply In pirs Yesterdy there ws nk roery. Student A is n eyewitness nd Student B is detective. The detective wnts to know wht the roer looked like. STUDENT A: Go to Activity Bnk 5 on pge 129. STUDENT B: Go to Activity Bnk 17 on pge 135. How mny people identified the correct person? 26 In groups Red this sttement nd discuss the questions elow. Misidentifiction y eyewitnesses ws the leding cuse of wrongful conviction in more thn 75 percent of 183 cses of people who were freed from jil sed on DNA evidence. US government report Do you think identity prdes re worthwhile or wste of time? Why? Do you think you would e good eyewitness? Why or why not? CONVERSATION TIP Prphrsing If you don t know the exct word, try to prphrse nd descrie the thing with other words tht you do know. This will give you time to think of the ctul word nd will give the person you re tlking to the chnce to help you. Exmple: A: He is quite tll nd he is, erm, he hs no hir. B: You men he s ld? A: Yes, he s ld. Grmmr: modls vers - mening nd use 27 Red this sentence nd put the modl ver into four groups from most certin (yes) to most certin (no). You cn use 3B in the Mini-grmmr to help you. The first one is done for you. must hve een 1 cn t hve een c might hve een d She could hve een tired e my hve een f will hve een g should hve een 28 Write these sentences in different wy using the correct modl ver. You cn use 3A B in the Mini-grmmr to help you. c d e It s not possile tht Kevin wrote tht pper. Perhps Ktie went to the show. I m pretty sure she ws there, ecuse her techer told her to go. I m certin tht Mrtin sent tht emil, ecuse it cme from his ccount. Mye Jnet hs lredy gone to the prty. 29 Mtch 1 7 with the sentences g. You cn use 3C in the Mini-grmmr to help you. 1 permission 2 ility 3 lck of ility 4 recommendtion/mild oligtion 5 strong oligtion 6 no oligtion 7 prohiition/lck of permission You mustn t spek English. Mr Wtne doesn t understnd. Reecc cn touch her nose with her tongue. c The children must e in ed y 8.30. d We don t hve to get up erly tomorrow. We re on holidy. e You cn ll go outside to ply now. f Kevin cn t ply the pino very well. g You should listen to my new CD it s cool. 30 In pirs For ech of sentences e there re two possile sentences which explin the context. You must spek Spnish. Jnet could hve gone to the prty. c She should hve eten her spinch. d Lucy cn ply the pino. e Jun my sty up lte. STUDENT A: Turn to Activity Bnk 4 pge 128. STUDENT B: Turn to Ativity Bnk 18 pge 135. unit two 19
Writing: n online resturnt review 31 Red this informtion out n unusul resturnt in Switzerlnd. Would you like to et there? Why or why not? Mke list of resons. Then compre your nswers in groups. DINING IN THE DARK They sy the eye is s importnt s the tste uds when it comes to food. Not here. At lindekuh, the plesures of the plte re experienced y other senses tht re shrpened y the drkness. Let smell nd tste, hering nd touch, e your guides. You don't need your eyes to enjoy lindekuh! We don't wnt you to feel lost in our world of drkness, so our professionl stff re lwys there to help. Our tem is mde up of lind nd prtilly sighted people who will tke the very est cre of you, mking your visit to lindekuh n unforgettle experience. 32 Now red these three online reviews of the resturnt nd give it strs ccording to wht they sy. Compre your nswers. fntstic good verge not very good A B Review A B C overll food service mience The lindekuh hs good food ut the experience of eting in the drk ws truly out of this world. My prtner nd I went with two friends nd we noticed tht whenever group rrived they were very loud nd very nervous. Once people settled down, the experience ecme much more sulime. I would definitely go gin! The lind witers re wonderful they re very helpful nd know how to help you to relly enjoy the experience. The world s first drk resturnt, doesn t tht sound exciting? When I first herd out it I just knew I hd to py visit. It s definitely n unusul, ut not necessrily enjoyle, experience. lindekuh is run very efficiently y lind stff nd the guests et in pitch-lck environment to experience how it would feel to e lind. After eing guided to tle y the witers, you cn order, nd s you et you will see neither the interior nor your own food. The food is very good, ut eting in the drk cretes n tmosphere tht is uncomfortle nd unplesnt. Just for your informtion, the resturnt s throom is not pitch-lck. And neither is the kitchen. C Although I ws quite distured t first, I quickly grew ccustomed to the surroundings. Every gesture hs to e mde with the gretest of cre so s not to tip over the drinks or get too close to the people t the next tle. Fortuntely the excellent wit stff re there to help you. Eting is fun, with the only prolem eing tht there is no wy to know how much food is left on the plte. Proing with the fingers is the est solution. And nywy, noody will complin out your d tle mnners, since noody cn see you! In ll, it ws very entertining evening, rre experience in life, nd wy less scry thn I thought t first. Of course, it ws expensive for rther plin food, ut this is Zurich fter ll nd one doesn t get to et in complete drkness every dy. It ws fun! 20 unit two
33 Groups of four Choose four resturnts tht you re ll fmilir with. Ech of you write short online review out ll four of them. Comment on: food service c mience d overll impression On second piece of pper, give score for ech spect nd n overll score. Don t show your scores! 34 Exchnge your reviews. Try to guess the scores tht the other group memers gve sed on the review they wrote. Review: grmmr nd functionl lnguge 35 Complete these sentences so tht they men the sme s the originl using the word given. It s not possile tht Mri recognised me from so fr wy. CAN T Mri... me from so fr wy. Perhps she ets lot of crrots. MIGHT She... of crrots. c Kevin s definitely going out tonight. MUST Kevin... tonight. d Simon nd Lucy ren t llowed to sty up pst 9pm. MAY Simon nd Lucy... 9 pm. e Why didn t you tell me you were tired? SHOULD You... you were tired. f I m sure you were terrified. MUST You... terrified. g She ll proly e here lter. THINK I... lter. h I m pretty sure she s gone lredy. SHOULD She... y now. 36 In groups Discuss these things out your life. How sure re you out these things? Find different wys to sy these things to express degrees of certinty. You will pss your English course. You will go on vction in the summer. c Your country will win the next World Cup. d Life will e found on Mrs. Tlk out two more things tht you re sure of in your life nd two things you re not sure of. Review: voculry Word List hint of smile conscious conventionl deceptive elicit excess excessive eyewitness identity prde Word Plus neurl lg physiognomy confulte visul cuity to rise one s eyes to settle one s gze to look ghst illogicl inference irrelevnt misleding perception sense striking to rm to compenste dectivte displce disrm neurologist opticl illusion indifferent to drt to disconnect to infer to mke sense of to misplce to perceive unrmed untrouled unwrp 37 Red the story nd use the correct form of the word given to complete the text. She knew her nger ws... (rtionl), ut she couldn t help it. It s true tht the meeting ws... (importnt), ut nevertheless, she hted it when her mnger mde her feel c... (dequte). He hd sked her for the ltest sles figures, which she hd spent four hours prepring nd then he hd told her tht they were d... (ccurte). Slly ws e... (stisfy) with her jo nd she felt deeply f... (hppy) nd wnted to chnge jos. This wsn t the first time this hd hppened. Her mnger frequently g... (understnd) her nd she felt he ws very h... (connect) from his employees nd even seemed to i... (like) them. She couldn t wit to get home nd relx nd j... (wind) from her nightmre dy. 38 Fridge, dustin, suitcse Look t the word lists. Decide if they re words you would use regulrly, never or in the future. List them in the pproprite prt of your noteook. unit two 21