CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.6 Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression. UNIT 1: English 9 analogy: a comparison between two things for the purpose of drawing conclusions on one based on its similarities to the other claim: a thesis statement describing the position the writer is taking on an issue connotation: the associations and emotional overtones attached to a word beyond its literal definition or denotation; a connotation may be positive, negative, or neutral counterclaim: a position taken by someone with an opposing viewpoint denotation: the literal definition of a word diction: an author s choice of words ethos: an appeal to ethics, trustworthiness inference: a conclusion about ideas or information not directly stated logos: an appeal to logic pathos: an appeal to emotions syntax: the arrangement of words & punctuation for effect tone: a writer s or speaker s attitude toward the subject. Tone is conveyed through the person s choice of words and detail voice: a writer s (or speaker s) distinctive use of language to express ideas as well as his or her persona
UNIT 2: allusion: a reference made to a well-known person, event, or place from history, music, art, or another literary work figurative language: imaginative language or figures of speech not meant to be taken literally imagery: the use of details that appeal to one or more of the 5 senses irony: a literary device that exploits readers expectations; irony occurs when what is expected turns out to be quite different from what actually happens. dramatic irony: a form of irony in which the reader or audience knows more about the circumstances or future events in a story than the characters within it verbal irony: occurs when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the opposite situational irony: occurs when an event contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader mood: the atmosphere or general feeling in a literary work textual evidence: the details, quotations, and examples from a text that support the analysis or argument presented theme: a writer s central idea or main message about life; see also explicit theme, implied theme UNIT 3: censorship: the act of suppressing public speech or publication of materials deemed to be offensive by the censor context: the circumstances or conditions in which something takes place dynamic (or rounded) character: a character who changes in response to the events of a narrative motif: a recurrent image, symbol, theme, character type, subject, or narrative detail that becomes a unifying element in an artistic work or text
plagiarize: the unattributed use of another writer s words or ideas plot: the sequence of related events that make up a story or novel primary source: an original document or individual containing firsthand information about a subject rhetoric: the art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking secondary source: discussion about or commentary on a primary source; the key feature of a secondary source is that it offers an interpretation of information gathered from primary sources static (or flat) character: a character who is uncomplicated and stays the same without changing or growing during the story subplot: a secondary or side story that supports the main plot and usually involves minor characters symbol: anything that represents itself but also stands for something else on a figurative level UNIT 5: argument: a form of writing that presents a particular opinion or idea and supports it with evidence call to action: a restatement of the claim and what the writer wants the reader to do claim: a position statement (or thesis) that asserts an idea or makes an argument for a specific position concession: an admission in an argument that the opposing side has what appear to be valid points counterclaim: a position taken by someone with an opposing viewpoint evidence: the information that supports or proves an idea or claim; forms of evidence include facts, statistics (numerical facts), expert opinions, examples, and anecdotes anecdotal evidence: evidence based on personal accounts of incidents
empirical evidence: evidence based on experiences and direct observation through research logical evidence: evidence based on facts and a clear rationale foil: a character whose actions or thoughts are juxtaposed against those of a major character in order to highlight key attributes of the major character hook: an interesting quotation, anecdote, or example at the beginning of a piece of writing that grabs the reader s attention monologue: a dramatic speech delivered by a single character in a play refutation: the reasoning used to disprove an opposing point soliloquy: a long speech delivered by an actor alone on the stage representing his or her internal thoughts subtext: the underlying or implicit meaning in dialogue or the implied relationship between characters in a book, movie, play, or film; the subtext of a work is not explicitly stated synthesis: the act of combining ideas from different sources to create, express, or support a new idea
English 10 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.6 Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression. UNIT 1: allusion: a reference made to a well-known person, event, or place from history, music, art, or another literary work argument: a form of writing that presents a particular opinion or idea and supports it with evidence claim: a position statement (or thesis) that asserts an idea or makes an argument for a specific position concession: an admission in an argument that the opposing side has what appear to be valid points counterclaim: a position taken by someone with an opposing viewpoint figurative language: imaginative language or figures of speech not meant to be taken literally refutation: the reasoning used to disprove an opposing point symbol: anything that represents itself but also stands for something else on a figurative level syntax: the arrangement of words & punctuation for effect synthesis: the act of combining ideas from different sources to create, express, or support a new idea thematic statement: an interpretive statement articulating the central meaning or message of a text theme: a writer s central idea or main message about life; see also explicit theme, implied theme
tone: a writer s or speaker s attitude toward the subject. Tone is conveyed through the person s choice of words and detail voice: a writer s (or speaker s) distinctive use of language to express ideas as well as his or her persona UNIT 2: stereotype: an oversimplified, generalized conception, opinion, and/or image about particular groups of people artifact: an object made by a human being, typically an item that has cultural or historical significance empirical evidence: evidence based on experiences and direct observation through research logical evidence: evidence based on facts and a clear rationale anecdotal evidence: evidence based on personal accounts of incidents fallacy: a false or misleading argument memoir: an autobiographical account of the personal experiences of the author persona: the voice assumed by a writer to express ideas or beliefs that may not be his or her own UNIT 3: archetype: universal symbols (images, characters, motifs, or patterns) that recur in myths art, and literature throughout the world characterization: the methods a writer uses to develop characters epigraph: a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a document or component
foil: a character whose actions or thoughts are juxtaposed against those of a major character in a way that highlights key attributes folk tale: a story without a known author that has been preserved through oral retellings foreshadowing: the use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest future action hamartia: a tragic hero s fatal flaw; an ingrained character trait that causes the hero to make decisions that ultimately lead to his or her own destruction irony: a literary device that exploits readers expectations; irony occurs when what is expected turns out to be quite different from what actually happens. dramatic irony: a form of irony in which the reader or audience knows more about the circumstances or future events in a story than the characters within it verbal irony: occurs when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the opposite situational irony: occurs when an event contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader motif: a recurrent image, symbol, theme, character type, subject, or narrative detail that becomes a unifying element in an artistic work or text plagiarize: the unattributed use of another writer s words or ideas proverb: a short saying about a general truth tragic hero: an archetypical hero based on the Greek concept of tragedy validity: the quality of truth or accuracy in a source UNIT 4: criteria: standards that can be used to evaluate or judge the success of something
direct characterization: specific information about a character provided by the narrator or author dynamic (rounded) character: a character who changes in response to the events of a narrative foil: a character whose actions or thoughts are juxtaposed against those of a major character in a way that highlights key attributes indirect characterization: a narrator s or author s development of a character through the character s interactions with others, thoughts about circumstances, or speaking his or her thoughts aloud justice: the quality of being reasonable and fair in the administration of the law; the ideal of rightness or fairness ode: a lyric poem expressing feelings or thoughts of a speaker, often celebrating a person, event, or a thing static (flat) character: a character who is uncomplicated and stays the same without changing or growing during the story
English 11 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.6 Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression. UNIT 1: challenge: to oppose or refute a statement that has been made defend: to support a statement that has been made exemplification: to de ne by example by showing specific, relevant examples that fit a writer s definition of a topic or concept imagery: the use of details that appeal to one or more of the 5 senses personification: a figure of speech that gives human qualities to an animal, object, or idea primary source: an original document or individual containing firsthand information about a subject qualify: to consider to what extent a statement is true or untrue synecdoche: a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or vice versa UNIT 2: alliteration: the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words that are close together foil: a character whose actions or thoughts are juxtaposed against those of a major character in order to highlight key attributes of the major character
historical context: the circumstances or conditions in which something takes place irony: a literary device that exploits readers expectations; irony occurs when what is expected turns out to be quite different from what actually happens. Dramatic irony is a form of irony in which the reader or audience knows more about the circumstances or future events in a story than the characters within it; verbal irony occurs when a speaker or narrator says one thing while meaning the opposite; situational irony occurs when an event contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader motif: a recurrent image, symbol, theme, character type, subject, or narrative detail that becomes a unifying element in an artistic work or text rhetoric: the art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking rhetorical context: the subject, purpose, audience, occasion, or situation in which writing occurs social commentary: an expression of an opinion with the goal of promoting change by appealing to a sense of justice subtext: the underlying or implicit meaning in dialogue or the implied relationship between characters in a book, movie, play, or film; the subtext of a work is not explicitly stated syntax: the arrangement of words & punctuation for effect vocal delivery: the way words are expressed on stage through volume, pitch, rate or speed of speech, pauses, pronunciation, and articulation UNIT 4: coherence: the quality of unity or logical connection among ideas; the clear and orderly presentation of ideas in a paragraph or essay connotation: the associations and emotional overtones attached to a word beyond its literal definition or denotation; a connotation may be positive, negative, or neutral
epigraph: a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a document or component genre conventions: the essential features and format that characterize a specific genre UNIT 5: annotated bibliography: a list of sources used in research along with comments or summaries about each source book review: a formal assessment or examination of a book external coherence: unity or logical connection between paragraphs with effective transitions and transitional devices internal coherence: unity or logical connection within paragraphs dialect: the distinctive language, including the sounds, spelling, grammar, and diction, of a specific group or class of people extended metaphor: a metaphor that extends over several lines or throughout an entire poem folk tale: a story without a known author that has been preserved through oral retellings indirect characterization: a narrator s or author s development of a character through the character s interactions with others, thoughts about circumstances, or speaking his or her thoughts aloud renaissance: a rebirth or revival