Chicago Citation Style (Notes-Bibliography System) Brief Guide

Chicago Citation Style (Notes-Bibliography System) Brief Guide The Chicago citation style gives you a choice between two systems: the author-date system or the notesbibliography system. If you use the notes-bibliography system, you will (1) note any in-text citations using superscript numbers and corresponding footnotes or endnotes and, preferably, (2) place a complete list of your sources in an alphabetized bibliography at the end of your paper or project. This is a guide to creating footnotes/endnotes and bibliography citations according to the notes-bibliography system of the Chicago (The Chicago Manual of Style) citation style. For the authoritative explanation of the style, refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 17 th ed. (2017), particularly Chapter 14. Notes A footnote or endnote generally lists the author(s), title, publication information, and the pages cited, in that order. Unless a full bibliography is included, the first note for a source should provide full details about that source. Subsequent notes for a source can be in a shortened form (Chicago style also allows for the shortened form for first notes if a full bibliography is provided). The shortened form usually consists of the author surname, a short version of the title, and the pages cited. Note numbers (in-text citations) Notes are numbered consecutively. While the reference numbers in the text are formatted as superscript numbers, the reference numbers in the footnotes or endnotes are full size, not superscript, and followed by a period. Note numbers are placed at the end of a sentence or a clause. Note numbers are placed after a quotation or any punctuation mark, with the exception of a dash, which they precede. If multiple sources are referenced at the same point in the text, place only a single note number; the note itself will contain the information for the multiple sources, separated by semicolons. Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Journal article (w/doi) Authors, Article Title, Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range, https://doi.org/doi. Author Surnames, Shortened Article Title, Page range. 1. Margaret Lock, Comprehending the Body in the Era of the Epigenome, Current Anthropology 56, no. 2 (April 2015): 155, https://doi.org/10.1086/680350. 2. Lock, Comprehending the Body, 155.

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Journal article (online w/no DOI) Journal article (print w/no DOI) Magazine or newspaper article (print) Magazine or newspaper article (online) Authors, Article Title, Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range, URL or Database. Author Surnames, Shortened Article Title, Page range. Authors, Article Title, Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range. Author Surnames, Shortened Article Title, Page range. Authors, Article Title, Periodical Title, Publication date, Page range (not required for newspapers). Author Surnames, Shortened Article Title, Page range (not required for newspapers). Authors, Article Title, Periodical Title, Publication date, URL or Database. Author Surnames, Shortened Article Title. 1. Frank P. Whitney, The Six-Year High School in Cleveland, School Review 37, no. 4 (April 1929): 268, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1078814. 2. Zina Ginnapoulou, Prisoners of Plot in José Saramago s The Cave, Philosophy and Literature 38, no. 2 (2014): 335, Project MUSE. 3. Whitney, Six-Year High School, 268. 1. Donald Maletz, Tocqueville s Tangents to Democracy, American Political Thought 4, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 615. 2. Maletz, Tocqueville s Tangents to Democracy, 615. 1. Jill Lepore, The Man Who Broke the Music Business, New Yorker, April 27, 2015, 59. 2. David G. Savage, Stanford Student Goes to Supreme Court to Fight for Her Moms, Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2015. 3. Savage, Stanford Student. 1. Karl Vick, Cuba on the Cusp, Time, March 26, 2015, http://time.com/3759629/cuba-us-policy. 2. John Myers, Invasive Faucet Snails Confirmed in Twin Ports Harbor, Duluth (MN) News-Tribune, September 26, 2014, EBSCOhost. 3. Myers, Invasive Faucet Snails.

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Web page (w/author) Web page (w/no author or w/an organization as author) Book Book (w/editors) Authors, Web Page Title, Website Title or Blog Title, Website owner/sponsor (if different from website title), Publication date (or revision/modification date), URL. Author Surnames, Shortened Web Page Title. Organization Name (if any), Web Page Title, Website Title (if any beyond Organization s Name), Publication date (or revision/modification date), URL. Organization Name (if any), Shortened Web Page Title. Authors, Book Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Author Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. Editors, eds., Book Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Editor Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. 1. Heather Wolfe, Was Early Modern Writing Paper Expensive? Folger Shakespeare Library, February 13, 2018, https://collation.folger.edu/2018 /02/writing-paper-expensive/. 2. William Germano, Futurist Shock, Lingua Franca (blog), Chronicle of Higher Education, February 15, 2017, http://www.chronicle.com/blogs /linguafranca /2017/02/15/futurist-shock/. 3. Germano, Futurist Shock. 1. College of William & Mary, The William & Mary Mission Statement, accessed April 4, 2018, http://www.wm.edu/about/administration/provost /about/mission/. 2. Wikipedia: Manual of Style, Wikimedia Foundation, last modified April 1, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style. 3. Wikipedia: Manual of Style. 1. Atul Gawande, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End (London: Profile Books, 2014), 79 80. 2. Gawande, Being Mortal, 191. 1. Jennifer Egan, ed., The Best American Short Stories, 2014 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014), 100. 2. Egan, Best American Short Stories, 301 2.

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Book (edition) E-Book (w/doi or URL) For unpaginated e- books, a chapter or paragraph number can be used to indicate location in place of page numbers. E-Book (from database or application/device) For unpaginated e- books, a chapter or paragraph number can be used to indicate location in place of page numbers. Book chapter Authors, Book Title, Edition ed. (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Author Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. Authors, Book Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range, https://doi.org/doi or URL. Author Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. Authors, Book Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range, Database or Application/Device. Author Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. Authors, Chapter Title, in Book Title, ed. Editors (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Author Surnames, Shortened Chapter Title, Page range. 1. William Strunk, Jr., and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 4th ed. (New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2000), 97. 2. Strunk and White, Elements of Style, 102-3. 1. Mark Evan Bonds, Absolute Music: The History of an Idea (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), chap. 3, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso /9780199343638.003.0004. 2. Karen Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain s Final Years (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 59, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030 /kt87796kr/. 3. Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy, 60 61. 1. Brooke Borel, Infested: How the Bed Bug Infiltrated Our Bedrooms and Took Over the World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 57, EBSCOhost. 2. Adam Begley, Updike (New York: Harper, 2014), chap. 2, Kindle. 3. Begley, Updike, chap. 9. 1. Ruth A. Miller, Posthuman, in Critical Terms for the Study of Gender, ed. Catharine R. Simpson (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 325. 2. Miller, Posthuman, 325.

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Book parts (introduction, preface, foreword, afterword) Multivolume book (if citing a particular volume) Translated book Reference entry (online, w/author) Part Authors, book part to Book Title, by Authors (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Part Author Surnames, Book part to Shortened Book Title, Page range. Authors or Editors, eds., Book Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Volume:Page range. Author or Editor Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Volume:Page range. Authors, Book Title, trans. Translator (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Author Surnames, Shortened Book Title, Page range. Entry Author, Entry Title, in Reference Work Title, edited by Editors (Publisher, Publication date), Entry revision/modification date (or if none, access date), DOI or URL. Entry Author, Entry Title. 1. Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, introduction to The Vietnam War: An Intimate History, by Geoffrey C. Ward (New York: Knopf, 2017), xii. 2. Burns and Novick, introduction to The Vietnam War, xii. 1. Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 4:243. 2. Byrne, The Lisle Letters, 4:243. 1. Karl Barth, The Theology of John Calvin, trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Grand Rapid, MI: Eerdmans, 1995), 123. 2. Barth, The Theology of John Calvin, 123. 1. Melissa Isaacson, Bulls, in Encyclopedia of Chicago, edited by Janice L. Reiff, Ann Durkin Keating, and James R. Grossman (Chicago Historical Society, 2005), http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/184.html. 2. Isaacson, Bulls."

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Reference entry (online, wo/author) The Bible Citations of biblical passages are usually not included in the bibliography, only in the footnotes or endnotes. Score Online video Twitter Reference Work Title, Edition ed., s.v. Entry Title, Publisher, Publication date, Entry revision/modification date (or if none, access date), DOI or URL. Reference Work Title, s.v. Entry Title. The version being cited is identified in the first citation. In subsequent citations the version can be abbreviated or omitted (if no citation to another version intervenes.) Book Chapter:Verses (Version). Composer, Score Title (Publication location: Publisher, Publication date), Page range. Composer Surname, Shortened Score Title, Page range. Author, Video Title, Publisher, Publication date, Video medium/format, running time, URL. Author Surname, Shortened Video Title. Firstname Lastname (@username), Full text of the tweet. Twitter, Month day, year, time posted. URL. Last name, Shortened text of post. 1. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Academic ed., s.v. Arturo Toscanini, accessed April 5, 2018, https://academic.eb.com/ebchecked/topic/600338/arturo- Toscanini. 2. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s.v. Arturo Toscanini. 1. 2 Kings 11:8 (New Revised Standard Version). 2. 1 Cor. 6:1 10 (NRSV). 1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Missa Brevis in G Major, KV 49 (Stuttgart, Germany: Carus, 2000), 20. 2. Mozart, Missa Brevis in G Major, 20. 1. Shameem Akhtar, To Learn is to be Free, November 2017, TED video, 12:35, http://www.ted.com/talks/ shameem_akhtar_to_learn_is_to_be_free. 2. minutephysics, The Black Hole Tipping Point. 1. Oscar Penguin (@libechillbro), "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Twitter, April 18, 2016, 1:28 p.m. http://twitter.com/libechillbro/status/2651151366. 2. Penguin, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week.

Source Contents and Comments In-Text Citation Example Facebook or Google+ or Renren post Instagram post Tumblr (or other blog post) Firstname Lastname, Full text of the post. Facebook, Month day, year, URL. Last name, Shortened text of post. Firstname Lastname (@username), Full text of the post. Instagram, Month day, year, URL. Last name, Shortened text of post. username, Full text of the post. Name of Blog, Month day, year, URL. Last name, Shortened text of post. 1. Oscar Penguin, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Facebook, April 18, 2016, http://facebook.com/openguin/posts/10154065808067067 2. Penguin, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week. 1. Oscar Penguin (@libechillbro), "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Instagram, April 18, 2016, https://instagram.com/p/5pjgjvjth6/. 2. Penguin, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week. 1. libechillbro, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Tumblr, April 18, 2016, http://libechillbro.tumblr.com/post/125058827619/rootbeer-floats-are-in-honor-of-national-library-week. 2. Penguin, "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week. Multiple sources (at the same point) Consecutive citations of the same source If multiple sources are cited by a single note number at the same point in the text, in the note list them in the order they are mentioned and separate by semicolons. If the same source is cited consecutively, the subsequent citations can be shortened even more, e.g., if the author and page number(s) are present, the title can be omitted. 1. S. K. Coffman, Form and Meaning in Whitman s Passage to India, PMLA 70, no. 3 (June 1955): 337 49; John Lovell, Appreciating Whitman: Passage to India, Modern Language Quarterly 21, no. 2 (June 1960): 131 41. 1. Morrison, Song of Solomon, 401 2. 2. Morrison, 433. 3. Díaz, Oscar Wao, 37 38. 4. Morrison, Song of Solomon, 403. 5. Díaz, Oscar Wao, 152. 6. Díaz, 201 2. Bibliography

The following chart provides the order and format of components, as well as examples, of some of the more common sources. The entries in the bibliography should be ordered alphabetically by their first components. Source Components Bibliography Example Journal article (w/doi) Journal article (online wo/doi) Authors. Article Title. Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range. https://doi.org/doi. Authors. Article Title. Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range. URL or Database. Lock, Margaret. Comprehending the Body in the Era of the Epigenome. Current Anthropology 56, no. 2 (April 2015): 151 77. https://doi.org/10.1086/680350. Ginnapoulou, Zina. Prisoners of Plot in José Saramago s The Cave. Philosophy and Literature 38, no. 2 (2014): 332 49. Project MUSE. Journal article (print w/no DOI) Magazine or newspaper article (print) Magazine or newspaper article (online) Authors. Article Title. Journal Title Volume, no. Issue (Publication date): Page range. Authors. Article Title. Periodical Title, Publication date. If a newspaper article has no author, the name of the periodical takes the place of the author. Authors. Article Title. Periodical Title, Publication date. URL or Database. Whitney, Frank P. The Six-Year High School in Cleveland. School Review 37, no. 4 (April 1929): 267 71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1078814. Maletz, Donald. Tocqueville s Tangents to Democracy. American Political Thought 4, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 612 31. Lepore, Jill. The Man Who Broke the Music Business. New Yorker, April 27, 2015. New York Times. In Texas, Ad Heats Up Race for Governor. July 30, 2002. Vick, Karl. Cuba on the Cusp. Time, March 26, 2015. http://time.com/3759629/cuba-us-policy. Web page (w/author) Authors. Web Page Title. Website Title or Blog Title. Website owner/sponsor (if different from website title). Publication date (or revision/modification date). URL. Myers, John. Invasive Faucet Snails Confirmed in Twin Ports Harbor. Duluth (MN) News-Tribune, September 26, 2014. EBSCOhost. Wolfe, Heather. Was Early Modern Writing Paper Expensive? Folger Shakespeare Library. February 13, 2018. https://collation.folger.edu/2018/02/writingpaper-expensive/. Blog titles should be italicized and may be followed with (blog). For blogs that are part of a larger publication, that publication s italicized title should be placed between the blog title and the publication date. If the publication and revision/modification dates are unknown, include the access date. Germano, William. Futurist Shock. Lingua Franca (blog). Chronicle of Higher Education. February 15, 2017. http://www.chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca /2017/02/15/futurist-shock/.

Source Components Bibliography Example Web page (w/no author or w/an organization as author) Organization Name (if any). Web Page Title. Website Title (if any beyond Organization s Name). Publication date (or revision/modification date). URL. College of William & Mary. The William & Mary Mission Statement. Accessed April 4, 2018. http://www.wm.edu/about/administration/provost/abo ut/mission/. Book Book (w/editors) Book (edition) E-Book (w/doi or URL) Authors. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Editors, eds. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Authors. Book Title. Edition ed. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Authors. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. https://doi.org/doi or URL. Wikipedia: Manual of Style. Wikimedia Foundation, last modified April 1, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wikipedia:manual_of_s tyle. Gawande, Atul. Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End. London: Profile Books, 2014. Egan, Jennifer, ed. The Best American Short Stories, 2014. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. The Elements of Style. 4th ed. New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2000. Bonds, Mark Evan. Absolute Music: The History of an Idea. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.00 1.0001. E-Book (from database or application/device) Authors. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Database or Application/Device. Lystra, Karen. Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain s Final Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt87796kr/. Borel, Brooke. Infested: How the Bed Bug Infiltrated Our Bedrooms and Took Over the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. EBSCOhost. Book chapter Authors. Chapter Title. In Book Title, edited by Editors, Page range. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Begley, Adam. Updike. New York: Harper, 2014. Kindle. Miller, Ruth A. Posthuman. In Critical Terms for the Study of Gender, edited by Catharine R. Simpson, 320 34. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.

Source Components Bibliography Example Book parts (introduction, preface, foreword, afterword) Multivolume book Part Authors. Book part to Book Title, by Authors, Page range. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. If citing the work as a whole: Authors or Editors, eds. Book Title. Volume vols. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Burns, Ken, and Lynn Novick. Introduction to The Vietnam War: An Intimate History, by Geoffrey C. Ward, xi-xiii. New York: Knopf, 2017. Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, ed. The Lisle Letters. 6 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Translated book Reference entry (online) Score Online video Authors. Book Title. Translated by Translator. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Entry Author. Entry Title. In Reference Work Title, edited by Editors. Publisher, Publication date. Entry revision/modification date (or if none, access date). DOI or URL. If entry has no author and entries are arranged alphabetically, use this format: Reference Work Title. Edition ed. s.v. Entry Title. Publisher, Publication date. Entry revision/modification date (or if none, access date). DOI or URL. Composer. Score Title. Publication location: Publisher, Publication date. Author. Video Title. Publisher, Publication date. Video medium/format, running time. URL. Barth, Karl. The Theology of John Calvin. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapid, MI: Eerdmans, 1995. Isaacson, Melissa. Bulls. In Encyclopedia of Chicago, edited by Janice L. Reiff, Ann Durkin Keating, and James R. Grossman. Chicago Historical Society, 2005. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/18 4.html. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Academic ed. s.v. Arturo Toscanini. Accessed April 5, 2018. https://academic.eb.com/ebchecked/topic/600338/art uro-toscanini. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Missa Brevis in G Major, KV 49. Stuttgart, Germany: Carus, 2000. Akhtar, Shameem. To Learn is to be Free. November 2017. TED video, 12:35. http://www.ted.com/talks/ shameem_akhtar_to_learn_is_to_be_free. Twitter Lastname, Firstname (@username). Year. Full text of the tweet. Twitter, Month day, year, time posted. URL. minutephysics. The Black Hole Tipping Point. November 30, 2017. YouTube video, 4:48. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brmjwyqi2um. Penguin, Oscar (@libechillbro). 2016. "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Twitter, April 18, 2016, 1:28 p.m. http://twitter.com/libechillbro/status/2651151366.

Source Components Bibliography Example Facebook or Google+ or Renren post Instagram post Tumblr (or other blog post) Lastname, Firstname. Year. Full text (or first several words...) of Facebook post. Facebook, Month day, year posted. URL Lastname, Firstname (@username). Year. Full text of Instagram post. Instagram photo, Month day, year posted. URL. Username. Tumblr, Full text or first several words of Tumblr post (if any, otherwise omit) Month day, year, time posted (if available). URL. Penguin, Oscar. 2016. "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Facebook, April 18, 2016. http://facebook.com/openguin/posts/10154065808067 067 Penguin, Oscar (@libechillbro). 2016. "Root beer floats are in honor of National Library Week, and we'll be handing them out from 2:30-4:30 this afternoon." Instagram photo, April 18, 2016. https://instagram.com/p/5pjgjvjth6/. libechillbro. Tumblr, Root Beer Floats. April 18, 2013 (1:28 PM). http://libechillbro.tumblr.com/post/125058827619/roo t-beer-floats-are-in-honor-of-national-library-week.

These notes provide information about the contents and formatting of various components within footnotes/endnotes and references in the bibliography. Component Comments Notes and Bibliography Examples Author/Editor names Titles List the author names in the order they appear in the source. Editor names are followed by, ed. or, eds. If an author uses a given name in one source, but initials in another, the fuller form should be used in both references. Footnotes/Endnotes: For footnotes or endnotes, all author names are given in normal order. For two or three authors, list all names, separated by commas, with and preceding the final name. For four or more authors, include only the first author s name, followed by a space and et al. Bibliography: In the bibliography, the first author s name is inverted, so the entries can be sorted alphabetically by surname. For two to ten authors, invert only the first author s name; separate the authors with commas and place and before the final name. For more than ten authors, list only the first seven, followed by et al. Titles are capitalized headline-style, with the first and last words of the title and subtitle and all major words capitalized. Book titles and periodical titles are italicized. Periodical titles are given in full, though an initial The should be omitted. Journal article and book chapter titles are not italicized, but are placed in quotation marks. Even if no colon is present in the source, titles and subtitles should be separated by a colon and a space. When a main title ends with a question mark or exclamation point, no colon is added before the subtitle. Footnotes/Endnotes: Jeffrey Q. McCune Jr. Kathryn Sorrells and Sachi Sekimoto, eds. Kate D. L. Umbers, Matthew R. E. Symonds, and Hanna Kokko Natalia V. Gmuca et al. Bibliography: McCune, Jeffrey Q., Jr. Sorrells, Kathryn, and Sachi Sekimoto, eds. Gmuca, Natalia V., Linnea E. Pearson, Jennifer M. Burns, and Heather E. M. Liwanag. Bibliography: Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can t Stop Talking. Pardon the Interruption: Goal Proximity, Perceived Spare Time, and Impatience. Computer Addiction? A Study of Computer Dependency.

Component Comments Notes and Bibliography Examples Volume and issue numbers Editions/ Versions Publication location Publisher Volume and issue numbers should be Arabic numerals. For journal articles, the volume number follows the title with no intervening punctuation; volume numbers have no descriptive text (such as vol. ) and are not italicized. Issue numbers are included regardless of the journal s pagination and are preceded by no. If an issue carries multiple issue numbers, follow the source for the format when deciding whether to use nos. or no. and whether to separate the numbers with a slash or an en dash. If there is no volume number, but only an issue number, the issue number should follow the journal title and a comma. Although they may have volume and issue numbers, magazines are normally cited not by these numbers, but by the publication date. The number of an edition should be an arabic ordinal. Abbreviate the word edition as ed. For a revised edition, use the phrase rev. ed. If the city of publication may be unknown or confused with another similarly named city, the abbreviated state, province, or country is included. If two or more locations are given in a book, use the location listed first. If the publication location is unknown, use n.p. in its place. The publisher name is preceded by the publication location and a colon ( : ). The initial The is omitted from a publisher s name; also omit words like Inc., Ltd., Co., or Publishing Company. The word Press should not be omitted for a university press, but University can be abbreviated to Univ. 56 40, no. 3 132, no. 5/6 7th ed. rev. ed. New York: Washington, DC: Cambridge, MA: n.p.: New York: McGraw-Hill Edmonton: University of Alberta Press Kaapstad, South Africa: Human & Rousseau

Component Comments Notes and Bibliography Examples Publication date Page ranges For journal articles, the date appears in parentheses following the volume and/or issue numbers. Seasons are capitalized and spelled out in citations; months may be spelled out or abbreviated. If an issue carries a span of months or seasons, follow the source for the format when deciding whether to separate with a slash or an en dash. Newspaper and magazine articles should be cited using the full publication date (month, day, and year). If citing an online advance release version of a journal article, insert Published ahead of print, before the online publication date. Articles that are in press do not carry a publication date as they are not formally published yet; instead (in press). is included between the author and article title. For multivolume works in which the works were published in different years, provide the earliest and latest dates, separated by an en dash. Page ranges are not provided for books as a whole, but should be for articles or book chapters. In the bibliography, if an article s page number follows the publication date, they are separated by a colon and a space; if the page number is immediately after the volume number, only a colon separates them, while an issue number and page number are separated by a comma and a space. In footnotes/endnotes for articles, provide only the page(s) cited; in the bibliography, give the page range of the entire article. Though not required, if page numbers are included in a newspaper or magazine citation, they are separated from the publication date by a comma. The following rules apply for abbreviating the last page number of a range, based on the first number: o o o o If the first is less than 100, use all digits in the last (e.g., 71 72, 96 117); If the first is 100 or a multiple of 100, use all digits in the last (e.g., 100 104, 1100 1113); If the first is 101 through 109, 201 through 209, etc., use the changed part only in the last (e.g., 101-8) If the first is 110 through 199, 210 through 299, etc., use two digits in the last unless more are needed to include all changed parts (e.g., 321-328, 11564-615) (2014) (Spring 2015) (April 2015) (May June 2006) March 23, 2000 1959 1963 Bibliography: Critical Inquiry 1, no. 3 (Winter 1975): 479 96 Social Networks 14:213 29 Diogenes, no. 25, 84 117

Component Comments Notes and Bibliography Examples DOIs/URLs When possible, cite a DOI (preceded by https://doi.org/ ), rather than a URL. In the absence of a DOI, a permalink (a persistent or stable URL) is preferred. For formally published sources, listing the domain name of the website or the database name is often sufficient, particularly if a permalink is not available. URLs should be presented in full, beginning with http:// or https://. DOIs and URLs are followed by a period. Access dates are only required if no date of publication or revision can be determined, in which case they are placed before the URL or database information and preceded by the word accessed. The last modified or other revision date should be included if it is the only date available. https://doi.org/10.1353/pmc.2000.0021. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap. accessed August 1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1086/679411. last modified March 25, 2016, http://google.com/policies/privacy/. For further reference Here are some other quick guides to the Chicago style that contain more detail and examples than this guide. The Chicago Manual of Style Online website o http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org The Purdue OWL website o https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/1/ University of Alberta Libraries o https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/ld.php?content_id=30242125