British Idealism and the Concept of the Self

British Idealism and the Concept of the Self

W.J. Mander Stamatoula Panagakou Editors British Idealism and the Concept of the Self

Editors W.J. Mander Harris Manchester College Oxford, United Kingdom Stamatoula Panagakou University of Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus ISBN 978-1-137-46670-9 DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-46671-6 ISBN 978-1-137-46671-6 (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947971 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: The National Trust Photolibrary / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London

In memory of Leslie Armour (1931 2014)

Contents 1 Introduction 1 W.J. Mander and Stamatoula Panagakou 2 The Early British Idealists and the Metaphysics of the Self 25 Jenny Keefe 3 Metaphysics, Religion, and Self- Realization in F.H. Bradley 47 James W. Allard 4 F.H. Bradley s Conception of the Moral Self: A New Reading 67 Dina Babushkina 5 Self, Not-Self, and the End of Knowledge: Edward Caird on Self-Consciousness 89 Phillip Ferreira 6 Dialectics of Self-Realization and the Common Good in the Philosophy of T.H. Green 111 Janusz Grygieńć vii

viii Contents 7 Three Dimensions of T.H. Green s Idea of the Self 131 Rex Martin 8 Bernard Bosanquet on the Ethical System of the State 153 Stamatoula Panagakou 9 The Metaphysical Self and the Moral Self in Bernard Bosanquet 179 William Sweet 10 To Set Free the Idea of the Self : Bosanquet s Relational Individual 201 Avital Simhony 11 Collingwood s Conception of Personhood and Its Relation to Language Use 225 Ian Winchester 12 Collingwoodian Reflections on the Biographical Self 241 James Connelly 13 Renovating McTaggart s Substantial Self 263 Gary L. Cesarz 14 Idealism and the True Self 287 W.J. Mander 15 Persons, Categories and the Problems of Meaning and Value 311 Leslie Armour Index 325

Notes on Contributors James W. Allard is Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at Montana State University. He is the editor, with Guy Stock, of F.H. Bradley: Writings on Logic and Metaphysics (1994) and the author of The Logical Foundations of Bradley s Metaphysics (2004). Leslie Armour was educated at the University of British Columbia (BA, 1952) and the University of London (PhD, 1956). He taught philosophy and held administrative posts at various universities in California, Ohio, Montana, and Ontario. Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Ottawa and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, he was a Research Professor of Philosophy at the Dominican University College, Ottawa, until his death in 2014. His books include Infini Rien: Pascal s Wager and the Human Paradox (1993), Being and Idea: Developments of Some Themes in Spinoza and Hegel (1992), The Idea of Canada and the Crisis of Community (1981), Logic and Reality (1972), The Concept of Truth (1969), and The Rational and the Real (1962). Dina Babushkina is a doctoral student at the University of Helsinki (Unit of Social and Moral Philosophy) and Research Fellow at the Finnish Graduate School for Philosophy. She holds a PhD in the history of philosophy from Saint Petersburg State University, Russia. Her research area is British idealism, with expertise in the ethics of F.H. Bradley. Currently she is working on the theory of ethical idealism. She has translated Bradley s Ethical Studies into Russian (2011). ix

x Notes on Contributors Gary L. Cesarz a native New Mexican by birth, was raised in Japan, where he spent most of his formative years. He returned to the United States in 1967 and was educated at New Mexico Military Institute, New Mexico State University, and the University of New Mexico, where he earned his doctorate in philosophy. Upon graduating he taught at the College of Santa Fe, Chapman University, and elsewhere. In 1988, Dr. Cesarz developed an interest in prison issues and found his way into a job with the New Mexico state prison system, where he set to work with like-minded individuals to develop and install programs for corrections officials and officers to foster an attitude and environment more favourable to rehabilitation and reform. These efforts took nine years and accomplished their intended goals. After that, Dr. Cesarz returned to full-time teaching and writing, first at Auburn University and later at Southeast Missouri State University, in the areas of philosophy of science, metaphysics and epistemology, modern philosophy, and the history of philosophy. His focus on metaphysical and epistemological idealism includes the British, American, and German traditions and is motivated by an intense interest in efforts to reconcile the natural and the life sciences in a non-reductive manner and on a nonmaterialistic basis. His writings have appeared in Ancient Philosophy, Journal of the History of Philosophy, Husserl Studies, The Personalist Forum (now The Pluralist), American Philosophy: An Encyclopedia, and in a recent anthology, Josiah Royce for the Twenty-First Century (2012). James Connelly is Professor of Political Theory at the University of Hull. He writes and researches primarily on the British Idealists, especially R.G. Collingwood, and on environmental politics and ethics. His publications include Politics and the Environment: From Theory to Practice (third edition, 2012); Metaphysics, Method and Politics: The Political Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood (2003); and R.G. Collingwood: A Research Companion (with P. Johnson and S. Leach, 2014). Phillip Ferreira is Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at Kutztown University. His work focuses on nineteenth-century idealism and its relation to contemporary thought. He is the author of Bradley and the Structure of Knowledge (1999) and many articles on philosophical idealism. Janusz Grygieńć is Assistant Professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland). He specializes in political philosophy and political theory. His main fields of scientific interest are Anglo-Saxon modern and contemporary political philosophy and contemporary criticisms and defences of representative democracy. He has recently published General Will in Political Philosophy (2013).

Notes on Contributors xi Jenny Keefe is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin- Parkside. Her research interests include British idealism and Scottish philosophy. She is the author of articles on J.F. Ferrier s philosophy and the editor of James Frederick Ferrier: Selected Writings (2011). W.J. Mander is Professor of History of Modern Philosophy at Oxford University, where he is also a Fellow of Harris Manchester College. As well as numerous articles on the history of British idealism, he has written two monographs: An Introduction to Bradley s Metaphysics (1994) and British Idealism: A History (2012). Most recently, he has edited The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century (2014). Rex Martin is currently Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at the University of Kansas and also Honorary Professor in Politics in the School of Law and Politics at Cardiff University. His fields of major interest are political and legal philosophy, history of political thought, and philosophy of history. His books include A System of Rights (Oxford University Press, in paperback 1997) and the revised edition of R. G. Collingwood s Essay on Metaphysics (Oxford University Press, in paperback 2002) which he edited, and for which he wrote an Introduction and additional material. Stamatoula Panagakou teaches in the Department of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cyprus. She has previously taught at the Universities of York, Durham, Newcastle, and Manchester in the United Kingdom. She is an Honorary Visiting Fellow in the Department of Politics, University of York, and an associate member of the Centre for the History of Philosophy, UK. Dr. Panagakou has been awarded fellowships from the NATO Science Fellowships Programme of the Greek Ministry of National Economy, the Lilian Voudouri Foundation, and the Greek State Scholarships Foundation. She specializes in political philosophy and in the history of ideas. Her main research area is British idealism, with expertise in the philosophy of Bernard Bosanquet. Dr. Panagakou is a founding member and co-chair (1999 2008) of the British Idealism Specialist Group of the Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom. She has published articles and other contributions in such journals as The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, European Journal of Political Theory, Political Studies Review, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, Journal of Moral Philosophy, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, and Bradley Studies. Dr. Panagakou is coeditor (with Professor James Connelly) of Anglo-American Idealism: Thinkers and Ideas (2010).

xii Notes on Contributors Avital Simhony is Associate Professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University. She is co-editor of The New Liberalism: Reconciling Liberty and Community (2001) and has published articles in journals such as History of Political Thought, Political Theory, Political Studies, and Utilitas. William Sweet is Professor of Philosophy and director of the Centre for Philosophy, Theology, and Cultural Traditions at St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada. He is a past-president of the Canadian Philosophical Association and currently a member of the steering committee of the Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie. He is the author and/or editor of some 30 books; among the more recent are Bernard Bosanquet and the Legacy of British Idealism (2007); The Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy of the British Idealists (2009); Responses to the Enlightenment (2012, with Hendrik Hart); Migrating Texts and Traditions (2012); and Ideas Under Fire (2013, with J. Lavery and L. Groarke). He is also editor of the Biographical Encyclopedia of British Idealism (2010). He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Royal Asiatic Society. Ian Winchester was initially a lecturer in physics and subsequently studied both medicine and computing science before migrating to Oxford, where he did a B.Phil and D.Phil in philosophy. He spent over twenty years teaching philosophy at the University of Toronto in an educational research institute before becoming a Dean at the University of Calgary. He is presently a professor and the editor of two international journals at the University of Calgary.