THE 3 SENTENCE TYPES. Simple, Compound, & Complex Sentences

THE 3 SENTENCE TYPES Simple, Compound, & Complex Sentences

LOOK AT THE SENTENCES. WHAT IS A COMPOUND SENTENCE? WHAT IS A SIMPLE SENTENCE? SIMPLE I love to eat. We have cows and horses. John studies math. Mizuho and Tyler eat meat and vegetables. COMPOUND I love to eat, and she loves to relax. We have cows, but we don t have horses. John studies math, and I do, too. Mizuho eats meat, and Tyler eats vegetables.

SIMPLE SENTENCES

WHAT IS A CONJUNCTION? WHAT IS A SUBJECT? WHAT IS A VERB? WHAT IS A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE? TELL YOUR PARTNER:

SIMPLE SENTENCES A simple sentence involves one S/V pair, or a clause. This could be S and S V S V and V S and S V and V Nadia talks. Nadia and Danielle talk. Nadia talks and walks. Nadia and Danielle talk, eat, and walk.

COMPOUND SENTENCES

COMPOUND SENTENCES A compound sentence involves 2 or more S/V pairs. John ran, but Joe stayed. You can watch, or you can help me. I hate it, but he s right.

COMPOUND SENTENCES We use FANBOYS with simple and compound sentences! For And Nor But Or Yet So

COMPOUND SENTENCES You can use more than one CC in a sentence! I talked to my friend, and he was very excited about your idea, but he s very worried about your reputation.

COMPOUND SENTENCES AVOID starting a sentence with FANBOYS in formal writing! I saw my mother. And I left home. It s very common in speech and informal writing, but is often seen as lazy for academic writing. AAAAAAAAAAARRRRGHHH!!!

COMPOUND SENTENCES We don t like to repeat the same word in English! We just take away the extra words if the meaning is clear! Are the new sentences simple or compound? John ran, and John jumped. John ran and jumped. People laugh, and people cry. People laugh and cry. I ate a cake, and I ate a pie. I ate a cake and a pie.

Combine A + B. PRACTICE TIME! A B Combined 1 I run. Nadia runs. 2 It s cold outside. We have numb fingers. 3 You can stay. Or, you can go. 4 I want to watch. But, it s scary. 5 I m hungry. So, I m eating food.

Combine A + B. PRACTICE TIME! A B Combined 1 I run. Nadia runs. Nadia and I run. 2 It s cold outside. We have numb fingers. It s cold outside, and we have numb fingers. 3 You can stay. Or, you can go. You can stay or go. 4 I want to watch. But, it s scary. 5 I m hungry. So, I m eating food. I want to watch, but it s scary. I m hungry, so I m eating food.

COMPLEX SENTENCES

LOOK AT THE SENTENCES. WHAT IS A COMPOUND SENTENCE? WHAT IS A COMPLEX SENTENCE? COMPOUND I love to eat, and she loves to relax. We have cows, but we don t have horses. John studies math, and I do, too. Mizuho eats meat, and Tyler eats vegetables. COMPLEX If you eat, you will relax. We have cows when we don t have horses. After John studies math, I will study. You should study English before you visit.

COMPLEX SENTENCES Complex sentences follow different rules than compound sentences. They are more difficult. They are more complex.

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS We use subordinating conjunctions with complex sentences. Sometimes we use commas, sometimes we don t. Can you guess when we use the commas? If I go there, she ll be angry. She ll be angry if I go there. When you come, he ll leave. He ll leave when you come.

We use subordinating conjunctions with complex sentences. COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS We call them SC for short!

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS There are MANY SC s in English! Here are some common SC s, but there are many more! after because before if since until when while

Next, let s talk about DEPENDENT and INDEPENDENT clauses! COMPLEX SENTENCES

COMPLEX SENTENCES As a student, if you are INDEPENDENT, you can do many adult things by yourself. You can do laundry, buy groceries, and pay rent. If you are DEPENDENT, adults or friends do these things for you because you don t know how, or you are afraid! INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT

COMPLEX SENTENCES When you study, you will do well. You will do well when you study. Dependent clause (DC) Independent Clause (IC)

COMPLEX SENTENCES Dependent clause = DC Independent clause = IC

COMPLEX SENTENCES If a clause starts with an SC, it s DEPENDENT. It doesn t want to be alone. This clause is DEPENDENT on another, stronger, clause, the INDEPENDENT clause. When she leaves, I cry. She leaves when I cry.

COMPLEX SENTENCES An INDEPENDENT clause is very strong. It does not need help going shopping, and it can stand in a sentence by itself. I ll buy you cake. = I ll come to the store with you. =

COMPLEX SENTENCES A DEPENDENT clause gets sad when it is alone. It doesn t know how to do anything that adult sentences do, so it always needs an adult sentence. When she leaves. = If you go. = When she leaves, I ll buy you cake. = If you go, I ll come to the store with you. =

COMPLEX SENTENCES When the DC is at the BEGINNING, we use a comma! When the DC is at the END, we don t use a comma! If I go there, she ll be angry. She ll be angry if I go there. When you come, he ll leave. He ll leave when you come.

TIME CLAUSES

TIME CLAUSES PRESENT AND FUTURE DC PRESENT After she buys a car, When my friend leaves, Before I leave Canada, If you cheat, IC FUTURE or MODALS I m going to be excited! we can buy her a cake. I m going to kiss a boy. you ll get in trouble.

TIME CLAUSES PAST AND PAST DC SIMPLE PAST After she bought the car, When my friend left, Before I left my home town, If I cheated, If is hard to use in the past! IC SIMPLE PAST she drove to Calgary. I went to bed. I hugged my parents. my teacher called my parents

TIME CLAUSES PRESENT AND PRESENT/IMPERATIVE DC PRESENT After I come to class, When my teacher comes, Before you leave Canada, If you visit T&T, IC PRESENT I take out my binder. (habit) I ask her questions. (habit) take me to a bar. (order) bring me some snacks! (order)

THE 3 SENTENCE TYPES SIMPLE SENTENCES I run and jump with my friend. One clause, sometimes with a CC. COMPOUND SENTENCES I run, and my friend jumps. Two independent clauses with a CC. COMPLEX SENTENCES If I run, my friend will jump. One independent clause. On dependent clause with an SC.

RUN-ONS AND FRAGMENTS

LOOK AT THE SENTENCES. WHAT IS A RUN-ON? GOOD I study, but you don t. We eat cake. We also eat pie. I love dogs, but I hate cats. We eat lots of food. We eat healthy food. BAD RUN-ON I study, you don t. We eat cake, we also eat pie. I love dogs, I hate cats. We eat lots of food, we eat healthy food.

RUN-ONS A RUN-ON is when you connect two ICs with a comma only. This is very easy to do, but it is also very incorrect!

RUN-ONS EXAMPLES: People come here, they have fun. We re walking, I don t know what to do. When I find one, I ll mark it like this:

LOOK AT THE SENTENCES. WHAT IS A FRAGMENT? GOOD BAD FRAGMENT If you re healthy, you ll do well. If you re healthy. You ll do well. I have many friends, especially in China. He s sick, because he eats poorly. There are many types of fruit, such as apples and bananas. I have many friends. Especially in China. He s sick. Because he eats poorly. There are many types of fruit. Such as apples and bananas.

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT is when you leave a poor DC with no friends. It s also when you leave a PP (prepositional phrase) or any type of noun phrase with no friends.

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS EXAMPLES: I know. People in China. Which is bad. For example, dogs. When I find one, I ll mark it like this:

QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS PRESENTATION 1. Review: What is a clause? What is a compound sentence? What are FANBOYS? 2. What shouldn t we do with FANBOYS? 3. What are the 3 sentence types? 4. What type of conjunction do we use with complex sentences? 5. What is the difference between a dependent and independent clause? 6. What tenses do we use with complex sentences? 7. What s a sentence fragment? What s a run-on?