CLG2G Sanskrit Unit : 1-5
Unit I Gadyakavyas in Sanskrit ब ण द ण डन स बन द Sukanasaupadesha इक र न त प ल लङ ग 2
गद य अपद पदसन त न गद य Prose is called गद य 1. द ण डन 2. ब ण 3. स बन द पदञ जल who lived in the 2 nd century A.D wrote his व य करणमह भ ष य in a majestic but simple prose 3
स बन द Vasavadatta of subandu is noted for the puns and long compounds सरस वत दत तवरप रसद चक र स बन द भ र वन कबन ध 4
दण ड -- दशक म रच रत र द ण डन पदल लत य It describe about adventure of ten princes Some portion of the beginning and end of the work are lost 5
ब ण क द ब र हषर च रत According to Bana a good Prose style should have the following merits नव थ ज तरग रम य श ल श ऽ क लषट स फ ट रस वकट रबन धश च क त स नम कत र द ष कर 6
Bana and his life A great poet of India, Banabhatta was born around the 7th century in a village in India. He was born in Pritikuta village, which was situated on the banks of Hiranyavahu. This village used to exist in the district, which is now called, Chhapra. He was born to Chitrabhanu and Rajadevi and his was a family of vatsyayana gotra 7
Banas work Bana has written novels like Harsha Charita, Kadambari, Chandikasataka and Parvatiparinaya. It is said that he died before he could finish Harsha Charita and his son, Bhusanbhatta, finished his work. Although, there is not much that can be critically acclaimed about Chandikasataka and Parvatiparinaya but it is said that he used to receive many rewards and accolades from King Harsha, as an appreciation of his work and talent. 8
क द बर Bana wrote one of the most famous and earliest novels, known as Kadambari. It is a biographical work of Harsha and Kadambari. A very famous Sanskrit pun about Kadambari is as follows: क द बर रस न आह र अ प न र चत This means that while one reads the Kadambari, one becomes so engrossed in it that even food is forgotten. It is a very famous oratory pun used in Sanskrit. 9
क द बर This novel has an extremely intricate plot which is difficult to summarize with concision. Its central thread is that of a romantic attachment (between the hero Chandrapeeda and the heroine Kadambari. However, there are several competing subplots; indeed, the heroine does not make her appearance until past the midpoint.. 10
क द बर Many of the characters appear in multiple incarnations, some as humans and some as demigods or animals. The narration proceeds in a succession of nested frames; a large part of it is a retelling by a parrot of a story which was told to it by a sage. The latter story also contains several instances of one character relating a sub-story to another character 11
क द बर -श कन श पद श Having completed his education, the prince chandrapida re enter the capital city. There are boisterous celebrations at their return, Shukanasha gives him some worldly advice, after which, Chandrapeeda and Vaishampayana, accompanied by a vast army, set forth to conquer the world. 12
इक र न त म न शब द 13
UNIT - 2 Champu kavyas Bhoja, trivikramabhatta Venkatadvari Sukanashaupadesha continuation Grammar -- ukaaranta pullinga shabda 14
Champu-kavya Champu or Champu-Kavya (Devanagari: चम प -क व य) is a genre in Indian Literature originated from Sanskrit. It consists of a mixture of prose (Gadya-Kavya) and poetry passages (Padya-Kavya), with verses interspersed among prose sections. गद यपद यम य क च च चम प इ त अ भध यत 15
भ ज Bhoja of 11 th century A.D is the author of the popular र म यणचम प which is noted for the beautiful style of its verses. 16
Bhoja champu Bhoja wrote this work only up to the end of sundarskandam and the yudhakanda was later written by one lakshmana 17
त र वक रमबट ट नलचम प The story of Nala and damayanti he tries to immitate Bana and he uses long compounds and puns in pleanty in the introductory verse he refers to व ल म क व य स ब ण मद लसचम प 18
Venkatadvari He is the author of an interesting and popular champu called vishvagunadarsha champu he also wrote varadabhyudaya champu uttarachampu shrinivaasachampu 19
Nature of Lakshmi -- Sukanashaupdesham इन द शकल द क न तवक रत म, उच च श रवसश चञ चलत म, क लक ट न म हनश क त म दर य मदम, क स त भमण न ष ठ यर म, इत य त न सहव सप रचयवश त वरह वन द चह न न ग ह त व व द गत From cresent mooncrookednes From the horse wavering nature from the poison deluding nature from wine --- confusing nature From kastubham-- hard maind Acquired these qualities while she came out when churning the ocean 20
Characteristics of Lakshmi -- Sukanashaupdesham लब ध प खल द ख न प रप ल यत न प रचय र त न अ भजनम ई त न र प आल क यत न क लक रम अन वतर त न श र त आकणर य त गन दवर नगरल ख व पश यत एव नश य त सरस वत प रग र ह तम ईष य र इव न आ लङ ग त Though Lakshmi which is symbolic of wealth, could be easily obtained, it cannot always be retained She does not discriminate based on appearance, family, fame or intelligence She could suddenly disappear while we are watching her, just like imaginary wealth 21
Characteristics of kings during cornation सव र वनय न अ ध नत गच छ न त च मरपवन सत यव दत अप यत इव व दण ड उत स यर त ग ण इव आस म त यव इव न भज न न त 22
The qualities of Kings आतप मण डल न अपव यर त परल कदशर न जयशब दकलकल तरस क यन त स ध व द ध वजपटल लव पर म श यत यश त ष ण वम चत कनकमय मव सव पश य न त 23
The qualities of Kings दशर न द नम प अन ह गणय न त स भ षनम प स वभ गमध य क वर न त स पषर म प प वन आकलय न त आज ञ म प वर द न मन यन त 24
The qualities of Kings सवर थ य अह नर श अनवरत उप र चत ञ जल अ त द वत मव स त त व म ह त म यम ध भ वय त त अ भनन द न त त आलप न तत त प श व क वर न त त मत रत उपनय न त तस य वचन श र णव न त 25
उक र न तप ल लन ग शब द 26
Unit 3 syllabus Historical Kavyas Kalhana Bilhana Pravarasena Sukanasaupadesa completion 27
Kalhana Kalhana was born to a Kashmiri minister, Canpaka, who probably served king Harsa of the Lohara dynasty. His father Champaka was the minister in the court of Harsha of Kashmir It is possible that his birthplace was Parihaspore and his birth would have been very early in the 12th century. It is extremely likely that he was of the Hindu Brahmin caste, suggested in particular by his knowledge of Sanskrit. was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir 28
Rajatarangini Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE.The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas ("waves"). The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbours in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent. 29
Bilhana Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet. He is known for his love poem, the Caurapañcāśikā. According to legend, the Brahman Bilhana fell in love with the daughter of King Madanabhirama, Princess Yaminipurnatilaka, and had a secretive love affair. They were discovered, and Bilhana was thrown into prison. While awaiting judgement, he wrote the Caurapâñcâśikâ, a fifty-stanza love poem, not knowing whether he would be sent into exile or die on the gallows. It is unknown what fate Bilhana encountered. Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune. Wandered trhough Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalylan and Rameswaram. 30
Caurapâñcâśikâ Bilhanas poem was transmitted orally around India. There are several versions, including ones from South India which had a happy ending; the Kashmiri version does not specify what the outcome was. The Caurapâñcâśikâ was first translated into a European language, French, in 1848. Subsequently, it was translated several other times. 31
Pravarasena Pravarasena (c. 270 c. 330 CE) was the successor of Vindhyashakti, the founder of the Vakataka dynasty. he was the first Vakataka ruler, who called himself a Samrat and conducted wars with the Naga kings. He had become an emperor in his own right, perhaps the only emperor in the dynasty, with his kingdom embracing a good portion of North India and whole of Deccan. He carried his arms to the Narmada in the north and annexed the kingdom of Purika which was being ruled by a king named Sisuka. In any case, he certainly ruled from Bundelkhand in the north (though Dr Mirashi does not accept that he has crossed the Narmada) to the present Andhra Pradesh in the south. The puranas assign him a reign of 60 years. CLG2G SANSKRIT 32
Setubandha Setubandha of the 5 th century A.D can be considered as an early historical Kavyas.it was composed to celebrate the construction of a bridge of boats across the river vitasta by a kashmirian king. His poems are written in Maharashtri Prakrit 33
Sukanashaupdesham क मम भव न प रक त य व ध र पत र महत प रयत न न सम र पत स स क र तथ प भवद ग णसन त ष म म व म खर क र तव न भव न सवर थ कल य ण पत र क रयम ण नवय वर जय अ भष क अन भवत 34
Sukanashaupdesham अ स मन म ह न धक रण च य वन क म र तथ प रयत थ यथ न उपहस यस यस जन न नन द यस स ध भ न ध क क रयस ग र भ न उपलभ यस स ह र द भ न श च यस क मम भव न प रक त य व ध र पत र च महत प रयत न न सम र पत स स क र 35
Sukanashaupdesham अ भष क नन तरम च प र रब ध द ग वजय प रब रमन व जत म प तव पत र सप तद व प भ षण म प न वजयस व वस न दर अय च त क ल प रत प आर प यत आर ढ प र त प ह र ज त रल क यदश व सद ध द श भव त 36
UNIT - 4 Didactic prose --- Panchatantra selection Lrut lakaara 37
Panchatantra stories Despite the fact that the original Sanskrit manuscripts of the Panchatantra are long lost, scholars have composed the Panchatantra based on bits and pieces of information - archaeological, historical, and from commentaries and recensions. The original scriptures may have been lost, but the Sanskrit verses have been reconstructed to form the Panchatantra, as it was in prose and poetries. in Sanskrit language, the stories of the Panchatantra are written by Pandit Vishnu Sharma, 38
Panchatantra stories The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two),though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 versions in more than 50 languages." The actual content of these versions sometimes differs greatly. CLG2G- SANSKRIT 39
ब द धर ततम वर ब द ध स वद य य ब द ध उत थ म ब द धह न वनश य न त यथ त स ह क रक अत र पद श लभ यत यत व यवह र ब द ध क रय व नस य प रण म भव त व यवह र वन त प ण डत य व यथ भ रभ त च ) The story of 4 friends 40
ब द धम न सपर वर न द र स मइप मन द वष न म क ष णसपर अ स त. तत र जलप द न म मण ड क वस त. मन द वष प र त दन मण ड क न व हन भ त व त न वह त स म https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= QxtVLh4H4EQ 41
ब द धम न सपर तत तव न न न वचन न प र त ऽ स म " तत ऽस न रन तय ण मण ड क न भ यन क तपय रह भबर लव न स व त त प रह ष टश च नतल नमवहस य दमब रव त... यथ -प व क अद य स ध न ह यत? मन द वष ऽब रव त -द व अद य ह र-व कल य न न म व ढ श क तर स त अथ स वब रव त -भद र! भ य द र-मण ड क न तच त व प रह षर त-सवर -ग त र मन द वष स-सम भ रम अब रव त -मम य एव वप र-श प ऽ स त finally the snake ate all the frogs 42
क मर कथ क स म म चद जल शय क ब गव न म कच छप Here lived a turtle called Kambugriva in a lake, who had two swans as her good friends सङ गट वकट न म न हम सप परस पर स न ह आ श रत https://youtu.be/1z6et0hjrvc 43
क मर कथ अह चक र क र कम प प भ य न यत भ क एष क ल हल The noise attracted the tortoise. It wanted to know where the noise came from and what it is about. It forgot its promise. It opened its mouth to ask, Why are you shouting? What is this strange sound you are making?" Alas, down fell the tortoise and instantly died. The swans could not save it. They became sad but flew away in search of a new lake. 44
प र तच छन न र सभ क स म श चत अ धष ठ न श द धपत न म रजक वस त स म तस य एक र सभ अ स त His donkey had a large appetite and whatever food washer man used to give him was not enough and as a result his donkey turned thin and weak. Washer man thought to himself, I am working hard. But I am not earning a lot of money. I can t feed my wife and children well. How can I feed this donkey? 45
प र तच छन न र सभ अह श भन आप तत अन न चमर ण प रच छ य र सभ र त र यवक स त उत स ज म य न ओव ग र मत व सम पव तर नह त र त न नष क स य न त I shall cover the donkey with this skin and drive him into the nearby field and this way my donkey can enjoy his full appetite and grow healthier. 46
प र तच छन न र सभ The donkey grew stout and strong. One night when the donkey in tiger-skin was enjoying his meal in the fields, he heard another donkey braying ( Ee-Aw, Ee-Aw ) in the nearby fields. Listening to this the washer man s donkey couldn t stop himself from singing. He lifted up his head and brayed too. Hearing this the villagers figured out that it was a donkey disguised as tiger and this made them very angry. The angry farmers went to the field with big sticks and beat the donkey to death. स ग प त र यम न प दशर यन द र ण वप ओव य ग रचमर प र तच छ न व क त र सभ अय 47
ल ट लक र एकवचन द व वचन बह वचन प रथमप र ष प टष य त ष यत प टष य न त मध य प र ष प टष य स प टष यथ प टष थ उत तम प र ष प टष य म प टष य व प टष य म 48
Unit 5 Didatic poetry Hitopadesha selection Sarvanama prayogah Asmad Shabda 49
Hitopadesha Hitopadesa is a collection of short stories. It was originally writtn in Sanskrit. It is very similar to another Sanskrit book named Panchatantra. The book was written many centuries before. Its stories are now well known in different parts of the world. The work has been translated into most of the major languages of the world. An English translation, rendered by Sir Edwin Arnold then principal of Puna College, Pune, India, was published in London in 1861. 50
ब द धबर ल ब द ध यस य बल तस य नर -ब द ध त क त बलम वन स ह मद उन मत त शशक न नप तत यस य न स त स वय प र श स त र तस य कर त कम 51
ब द धबर ल क स मन - चत वन भ स रक न म स ह अवसत स प र त- दनम अन क ष म पश न म वधम अकर त एकद वनस य सव पशव तस य सम पम अगच छन अवदन च- म ग न द र! त वम कमथर म पश न म वधम कर ष? य द एक न व पश न तव त प त भव त वयम स वयम एव तव भ जन य प र त- दनम एकम पश म प र ष यष य म त ष म वचन न श र त व भ स रक अवदत - य द य यम एवम वदथ त हर भवत तथ परन त य द क स मन - चत दवस मम भ जन य एक पश न आग मष य त त ह सव ष म पश न म वधम क रष य म तत प रभ त प र त- दनम एक पश स हस य भ जन य तस य सम पम अगच छत 52
ब द धबर ल एकद एकस य शशकस य व र आस त स अ चन तयत - य द मम मरणम न श चतम अ स त त ह अहम मन दम मन दम गच छ म स शशक स म ग एकम क पम अपश यत त स मन क प स व-प र त बम बम द ष ट व स एकम उप यम अ चन तयत अथ स शशक तस य स हस य सम प वलम ब न अगच छत 53
ब द धबर ल एतत आकण यर भ स रक क र ध न अवदत - स अपर स ह क त र वस त? तम श घ रम मह यम दशर य तद स शशक भ स रकम एकस य क पस य सम प अनयत अकथयत च- अ स मन क प स स ह वस त भ स रक त स मन क प स व-पर त बम बम द ष ट व अयम अपर स ह इ त मत व उच च अगजर त स व- शब दस य प र त-ध व नम श र त व त स मन क प अक दर त प र न न च अत यजत 54
ईष य र अ स त नमर द त र पवर त पत यक य वश ल श ल मल तर तत र न मर तन डक र ड प ण नवस न त स ख न एकद व ष ट अभवत Once upon a time, there was a huge tree on the banks of a river. The tree made a comfortable home for the family of birds who had built their nests on its branch. The birds were living there happily as the tree with its widespread branches sheltered them from scorching sun and heavy rains 55
ईष य र भ भ व नर श ण त अस म भ न मर त नड च न ज म त र हस त त ण हस तप द द स य क त य य क म द स दत one day, when the sky was overcast with dark clouds, it rained very heavily. Some monkeys who were playing nearby the tree got drenched and ran for shelter under the tree. All of them were shivering with cold. When the birds saw the monkeys in the pitiable condition, one of the birds said, O Monkeys, you would not have to shiver like this, if you had built a home like us. You would not have to suffer like this. If we can build our nest with small beaks, then why cant you. By God s grace, you have two hands and two legs. Why don t you make a nice shelter for yourselves? 56
ईष य र अह नव र त न ड भ व स तत स खन प ण अस म न नन द न त तत भवत त वत व ष ट उपशम On hearing this, the monkeys got annoyed and swore to teach a lesson to the birds. They said to themselves, These birds are not afraid of the rain or of cold wind. They are living comfortably that is why they are criticizing us like this. Let the rain stops, we ll show them how to build home 57
ईष य र अनन तर श न त प न य वष व नर व आर ह य सव नइ भग न त ष अण ड न प तत न As soon as the rain stopped, the monkeys climbed up the tree and destroyed the nests of the birds. They also broke the birds eggs and threw the young ones down. उक त वद व न व उपद षटव य Never give advice to fools 58
अस मद शब द 59
Grammar -- Examples एक वचन द व वचन बह वचन उत तम प र ष अह पत म आव पत व वय पत म उत तम प र ष अह ख द म अव ख दव वय ख द म उत तम प र ष अह पब म आव पब व वय पब म 60