Creating Catalogs with Related Works: What You Need to Know Today for Tomorrow! ILF Annual Conference 2017 Presenter: Andrea M. Morrison INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON
Sections Background and Definitions Examples Activities
From the Old: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) IFLA Study Group International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) initiated a fundamental re-examination of cataloging theory and practice on an international level Old basis for RDA: Resource Description and Access, with FRAD and FRSAD for authorities and subjects Final report, 1997, rev. 2009
To the New: International Federation of Library Associations Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) High-level conceptual reference model Developed within an entity-relationship modelling framework Consolidates the old IFLA conceptual models: FRBR, FRAD, FRSAD Designed to be used in linked data environments
What Are Conceptual Models for Cataloging? Abstract & Theoretical Helps understand complexities Strengths & weaknesses Can always be improved! ILF-LRM Sometimes Fuzzy! Not a cataloging code like RDA Not a communication standard like MARC21 or BIBFRAME
Conceptual Model Strengths Independent of any cataloging code Offers more precise vocabulary to help future cataloging rule makers and system designers meet user needs We use terms like work, edition and item in everyday language to mean different things. The term book can be a noun meaning printed volume or notebook, or it can be a verb, like make reservations at a restaurant, book a flight, or book a criminal offender. By using precise vocabulary for work, item, and other terms, our bibliographic description becomes clearer and more useful for all users!
Old Conceptual Model Weaknesses: FRBR, etc. It s incomplete it lacks terminology and guidance for some bibliographic attributes or relationships It s old and needs updating! Created pre-web and needs to be rethought in an online, linked bibliographic data world. When used in RDA, applied in a practical way, imperfections and needed improvements were identified Confusing, definitions of entities, attributes and relationships are not always clear
Why Should Libraries Care? Using standards like RDA and IFLA RDA will improve library resource discovery Internet Search on Harry Potter with these compiled results (Google) Libraries will share their bibliographic data online! Flat v. Interactive or Linked Data Improved data following standards Better results
Deep Web, Surface Web and Linked Data (Actionable) The number of documents available in the deep web is estimated to be 400-500 times greater than the amount of content retrievable via conventional search engines (the "surface Web") from ODLIS
International Federation of Library Associations Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) Scope for this model of the Bibliographic Universe is to help users (user tasks) and libraries to: Find Identify Select Obtain Explore New User Task! To discover resources using the relationships between them and thus place the resources in a context
User Tasks IFLA LRM Explore Most open-ended of the user tasks The user may be browsing, relating one resource to another, making unexpected connections, or getting familiar with the resources available for future use Explore task acknowledges the importance of serendipity in information seeking The information system seeks to support discovery by making relationships explicit, by providing contextual information and navigation functionality
Other Definitions in new Model Entities, the classes which are described in the model -- aspects of the bibliographic universe! Attributes, the data which characterizes instances of entities Relationships, the properties which link instances of entities, or associations
Classes in the New Model: Work Expression Manifestation Item These have Basic or primary relationships with agents (person or collective agent) May be known by one or more nomens or names Additional relationships, i.e. work related to work
Res Superclass and Subclasses Res top entity or thing in the bibliographic universe Includes both material or physical things and concepts Superclass of other entities Res Subclasses include: Works each is a separate conceptual object Expressions include a change in form such as written word to spoken word, addition of artistic content, translated, revised or enlarged editions Manifestations include a change in physical form, different carriers and publishers
Res Must be real
Responsibility relationships between agents and works, expressions, manifestations and items
Fictitious Characters Treated Differently Person is an individual human being (Definition) Lived Assumed to have lived (not legendary, like Merlin) Collective agents must be persons Sorry, Sherlock Holmes and Kermit can t be persons! They can t be agents, but
Fictitious Characters Treated Differently Superclass Res for any entity Can be fictional, like the character Sherlock Holmes, created by Arthur Conan Doyle Can be legendary, like Atlantis, a legendary continent
Res or Superclass Examples {Henry Gray s Anatomy of the human body} [medical work written in the 19th century by Henry Gray] {Henry Gray} [person, physician, author of medical works] {Agatha Christie} [person, author of detective novels] {Miss Jane Marple} [character in numerous Agatha Christie novels and stories] {Lassie} [fictional female dog of the Rough Collie breed, title character in the novel Lassie come-home by Eric Knight, first published in 1940, and appearing in numerous film and television spin-offs] {Lassie} [female Collie dog, living in the UK, who on January 1, 1915 rescued a sailor presumed dead, considered the inspiration for the character Lassie]
Res or Superclass Examples {the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions} [an association] {the Romanov family} [the Russian imperial family] {Horus} [the ancient Egyptian deity] {anatomy} [a concept] {Eiffel Tower} [a man-made built structure]
Examples of Works in IFLA LRM {Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart s Rondo KV 494} {Johannes Brahms s String quartet Op. 51 n. 1 in C minor} {IFLA Journal} {IFLA series on bibliographic control} [a monographic series, an aggregating work] {Microsoft Excel} {The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)} {WebDewey} [software for displaying and searching the DDC {Auguste Rodin s The thinker} {I want to hold your hand} [a song by John Lennon and Paul McCartney
Expressions and Manifestations Expression: Generally, when a significant degree of independent intellectual or artistic effort is involved in the production of an expression, It s a new work with a derivation relationship to the source work Paraphrases, rewritings, adaptations for children, parodies, musical variations on a theme and free transcriptions of a musical composition Manifestation A set of all carriers that are assumed to share the same characteristics as to intellectual or artistic content and aspects of physical form Publication changes (more than minor) All manifestations of the same work embody the same expression of the work.
New Works in IFLA LRM: Inspirations Work is a transformation of a work Work was transformed into work Defined: This is the relationship between two works where the content of the first served as the source of ideas for the second The musical West Side Story is inspired by the play Romeo and Juliet The painting Plan for a City Gate in Kiev by Viktor Hartmann is inspiration for the musical piece The Great Gate of Kiev from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky
IFLA LRM: WORK is inspiration for WORK Are these titles in a primary relationship or are they related works? The Shack, by William P. Young, novel published 2007 The Shack (2017 film) The book inspired the movie These are two separate, related works Not a primary relationship
Section 2: Examples Background and Definitions Examples Activities
Res (Superclass) Example {Earthsea} [a fictional world, the setting of Ursula K. Le Guin s Earthsea trilogy Includes her works: A Wizard of Earthsea, The Tombs of Atuan, The Farthest Shore The published book or e-book is NOT a Res
Examples of Works Author and title part of the work, not publisher Banned and challenged classics from ALA The Work, or artistic endeavor is the concept. No matter the edition, language, publisher, date of publication or format, the Work is the constant
Example of a Work: Dunkirk (Motion picture : 2017) Comes into being with its first expression Adaptations of a work from one literary or art form to another are considered new works Music based in part on Nimrod, by Sir Edward Elgar.
Related Works and Expressions For Dunkirk (Motion picture : 2017) Based on (work): Elgar, Edward, 1857-1934. Variations on an original theme. Nimrod. Music for motion picture (work): Dunkirk (Motion picture : 2017)
Manifestation Example of Related Work: Musical Recording Dunkirk : original motion picture soundtrack / music by Hans Zimmer. Published by: Sony Music Entertainment International Services, 2017
New Work About Movie Embodied in an E-Book Manifestation: Kindle Edition published by William Collins 2017
Overdrive Audio Book: Different Expression
DVD of a non-related motion picture released 2017: same event, the LCSH: Dunkirk, Battle of, Dunkerque, France, 1940
Moana (Motion picture): Expression Example Dubbed or subtitled versions of a film are expressions of the same work. Editions of a film are expressions Any of these versions Widescreen edition or editions can be embodied in different Special edition manifestations. Anniversary edition Relationships include: Container of (expression): Moana (Motion picture). French. Container of (expression): Moana (Motion picture). Spanish Expressions are independent of a publisher and publication date.
Section 3: Activities Background and Definitions Examples Activities
Is this a Res (Superclass) or a Work? City of Paris, France Eiffel Towel
Is this a Res (Superclass) or a Work? Both are Res {Paris, France} [a city] {Eiffel Tower} [a man-made built structure]
Homer s The Odyssey Identify Book information: Title: The Iliad and the Odyssey Translated by Samuel Butler Published by Barnes and Noble, 2013 Identify Res Work Expression Manifestation Related works and expressions
Homer s The Odyssey Identify Book information: Title: The Iliad and the Odyssey Translated by Samuel Butler Published by Barnes and Noble, 2013 Identify Res is {Homer s Odyssey} [ancient Greek work] Work: title proper has a collective title: The Iliad and the Odyssey Expression Prose translation, two expressions aggregated by the manifestation Manifestation -- publishers statement, ISBN for print book Related works and expressions
Homer s The Odyssey LC Catalog record: Shows note: Prose translation by Samuel Butler Shows related names for author, title and version: Now we can improve the record and add relationship designators: Container of (expression): Homer. Iliad. English (Butler) Container of (expression): Homer. Odyssey. English (Butler) Translation of: Homer. Iliad. Translation of: Homer. Odyssey.
Homer s The Odyssey Book information: Title: The Iliad and the Odyssey Translated by Samuel Butler Published by E-artnow Editions, 2013 as online resource Identify Res Work Expression Manifestation
Homer s The Odyssey Book information: Title: The Iliad and the Odyssey Translated by Samuel Butler Published by E-artnow Editions, 2013 as online resource Identify Res -- {Homer s Odyssey} [ancient Greek work] Work same collective title, different work Expression -- Prose translations, two expressions aggregated by the manifestation, plus contains Lang s work
Homer s The Odyssey Manifestation: 1 online resource, Published by E-artnow Editions, 2013 as online resource Related Works: contains same expressions and translations Add Relationship: Container of (expression): Lang, Andrew, 1844-1912. Homer and his age. Originally published in 1906
Moana (Motion Picture) Disney official site, formats available for purchase: Different primary relationships Items have: Same work Different expressions Different manifestations
Mise rables (Motion picture : 2012) Les Mise rables 1995 motion picture DVD record has: Note: Inspired by Victor Hugo s class novel. Related work: Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885. Mise rables. (name title reference to work with no relationship designator about type of relationship) Mise rables (Motion picture : 2012) (one with Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe and Anne Hathaway) Based on the original stage musical Boublil and Scho nberg's Les Mise rables, from the novel by Victor Hugo. Originally produced for the stage by Cameron Mackintosh Related works: Based on (work): Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885. Mise rables. Motion picture adaptation of (work): Scho nberg, Claude-Michel. Mise rables.
Mise rables (Motion picture : 2012) With IFLA LRM in RDA, once released Clearer explanation Libraries will have better support for linked data for relationships: Based on (work): Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885. Mise rables. May become: Inspired by (work): Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885. Mise rables. Motion picture adaptation of (work): Scho nberg, Claude- Michel. Mise rables.
Pride and Predjudice and Zombies (2016) With IFLA LRM in RDA Clearer explanation Libraries will have better support for linked data Note: Based on the novel by Seth Grahame-Smith, parodying Jane Austen's novel "Pride and prejudice." Based on (work): Hugo, Victor, 1802-1885. Mise rables. May become: Transformation of (work): Austen, Jame, 1775-1817. Pride and prejudice (is just a name/title relationship) Motion picture adaptation of (work): Grahame-Smith, Seth. Pride and prejudice and zombies.
Changing RDA RDA: Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a current, global cataloging standard since 2013 Based on the framework (elements, user tasks) of the earlier conceptual models Now being restructured and revised in the 3R Project, RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign Project, release date June 2018 Will include 4-fold path 4 th path is linked data
RDA in MARC21 Conceptual Models like FRBR and IFLA-LRM are not perfectly displayed in MARC Check guidelines LC or Program for Cooperative Cataloging policies statements if you don t have RDA Toolkit Don t catalog by example! In this MARC21 Example Subfield e should not be present in these fields. Only use after a person, family or corporate body: 700 0 2 ǂi Contains (work): ǂa Homer, ǂe author. ǂt Iliad. ǂl English. ǂs (Butler) 700 0 2 ǂi Contains (work): ǂa Homer, ǂe author. ǂt Odyssey. ǂl English. ǂs (Butler) 700 12 ǂi Contains (work): ǂa Lang, Andrew, ǂd 1844-1912, ǂe author. ǂt Homer and his age. [Do not use $e before a title. Use following version:] 700 12 ǂi Contains (work): ǂa Lang, Andrew, ǂd 1844-1912. ǂt Homer and his age.
RDA Toolkit, http://www.rdatoolkit.org/ The English language text of RDA Toolkit remains unchanged until the restructure project is complete Each user or institution is limited to one free 30-day trial. http://www.rdatoolkit.org/consortia group purchase, consortia pricing is available For an update on the 3R Project, see the posting on the RDA Toolkit News and Information page. The current version of RDA Toolkit will remain available to all subscribers for one year after the new Toolkit is released in 2018. new date of release is June 13, 2018
We Can Choose to Improve Our Data To improve how users Find Identify Select Obtain Explore Our Library Resources!
RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign (3R) Project To be completed June 2018 Online subscription pricing updated 1 user $191 Consortia and group pricing available Highly Recommended!
Watch for new vocabularies!
Questions? Andrea M. Morrison amorriso [at] indiana.edu