Pair games 1. Find a partner 2. Stand back to back so one of you can see the board 3. The person facing the board will be explaining the definition 4. The person facing away from the board will try to remember which key word it is 5. Once you get one wrong you will swap over until you get to the end of the list
Western Classical Tradition 1650-1910 Keywords
Conjunct Disjunct Triadic Moving up or down by one Moving by leaps Moving by notes from a triad Broken Chords Moving by notes from a chord Scalic Arpeggio Moving by notes from a scale Moving by notes from a chord in the same direction
Diatonic Using only the notes in the scale Chromatic Using notes that are not in the key the piece is written in Passing Notes a note not belonging to the harmony but placed between the notes to secure a smooth transition. Slide Portamento a musical ornament which instructs the performer to move from one note to another smoothly is a pitch sliding from one note to another.
Acciaccatura A note played as quickly as possible before the main note follows it. Appoggiatura A melodic ornament where a neighbouring note is sounded before the main note of the melody Ostinato A repeating pattern Consonant Dissonant A combination of notes in a melody that sound pleasing A combination of notes in a melody that clash when played together
s Staccato Accents Tenuto Marcato Downbow Upbow a note of shortened duration separated from the note that may follow by silence emphasis, stress, or stronger attack placed on a particular note hold the note in question its full length To play with emphasis The player performs the indicated note by drawing the bow downward The player performs the indicated note by drawing the bow upward
Pedal note Drone Perfect Pagal Imperfect Interupted A sustained or regulary repeated note usually heard in the bass One or more notes held or repeated throughout an extended pattern of music 5 to 1 cadence sounds finished 4 to 1 cadence sounds amen 1 to 5 cadence sounds like its going somewhere 5 to 6 cadence sound surprising, you expect a perfect cadence but get a minor chord instead
Tonic The First note of the scale Supertonic The Second note of the scale Mediant The Third note of the scale Subdominant The Fourth note of the scale Dominant The Fifth note of the scale Submediant The Sixth note of the scale Leading Note The Seventh note of the scale Octave The Tonic 12 semitones higher
Modulation To change the key of a song Order of the Sharps Order of the Flats Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father Circle of Fifths the relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys
Binary Form Ternary Form Rondo Arch Form Through- Composed Theme and Variation A B or A A B B A B A A B A C A D A A B C B A Continuous and non-repetitive A1 A1 A2 A3 A4
Call and Response Ground Bass Continuo Cadenza succession of two distinct phrases usually written in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first A repeated pattern of notes over which music is written, A longer pattern than ostinato A series of bass notes with numbers attached that indicate the harmony to be used above them. A short passage of music played in free time, designed to show off a players skill
Solo Duet Trio Quartet A single player or singer. Sometimes other instruments in the background Two players or singers of roughly equal importance Three players or singers Four players or singers Quintet Obbligato Five players or singers An instrument that takes an especially important line, sometimes a melody above the main tune
A cappella Orchestra Choir The choir sings unaccompanied A large group of instruments A large group of singers Simple Time 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 2/2, Compound Time Anacrusis 6/8, 9/8, 12/8, 15/16, 6/4 Unstressed noted before the bar line or downbeat
Arco Pizzicato Con Sordino Played with a bow Plucked Played with a mute Senza Sordino Played without a mute Double and Triple Tonguing Double or Triple Stop Wind instrument players use their tongues to create rapid notes Two or Three notes played at the same time on a string instrument
Homophonic Contrapuntal Antiphonal Monophonic Melody and Accompaniment Unison Octaves Block Chords Two melodic lines at the same time Alternate Groups A single melody line A distinct melody which stands out from the background accompaniment Exactly the same notes in different parts 8 notes apart
Grave Very Slow Largo Fairly Slow Andante Walking Pace Adagio Moderately Slow Moderato Moderate Speed Allegro Quick Vivace Quick and Lively Presto Extremely Quick
Pulse/Beat The number of beats per bar Augmentation Making the notes uniformly longer Diminution Hemiola Scotch Snap Making the notes uniformly smaller two groups of three beats are replaced by three groups of two beats, giving the effect of a shift between triple and duple metre. a rhythmic feature in which a dotted note is preceded by a stressed shorter note
Crescendo Gradually Louder Diminuendo Gradually Quieter Sforzando Accented Pianissimo Very Quiet Piano Quiet Mezzopiano Moderately Quiet Forte Loud Fortissimo Very Loud
Popular Music s
Riff Pitch Bend Melisma Hook Slide Glissando Repeated short melodic or rhythmic figure Bending the pitch up or down One syllable for lots of notes Catchy melodic or harmonic pattern Pressing a bottle neck or metal bar on a guitar string and moving it up or down to create a shifting pitch A glide from one pitch to another
Improvisation Music made up by a musician in mid performance Ostinato Blues Notes Chord Symbols Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment 3 rd, 7 th and sometimes 5 th note of the scale slightly lowered The actual pitch varies according to the performer Using Roman Numerals for chords
Power Chords On an electric guitar these are chords without their 3rd Stock chord progression Pentatonic Modal Blues Scales Common chord progressions in pop styles Five note scale that omits the 4 th and 7 th notes of the major scale Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes A scale that uses blues notes
Intro/Outro Verse Chorus Break 12-bar blues Drum Fill Music used specifically for beginning and ending a song The part of the lyrics that changes content but reuses the musical structure The part of the lyrics that repeats exactly the same each time, often contains song title Short solo passage as the rest of the band stop Series of 7 th chords lasting for 12 bars which forms the structure of the blues Drummer plays a more complex rhythm at the end of a phrase it can be a drum break or the music may be continuous
Standard contemporary instruments Specific instrument types Instrumental techniques Drum kit specifics Electric guitars, synthesisers Examples include; sitar, dilruba Palm mute, hammer on, pull off, pitch bend, etc Names of kit instruments: high hat, kick drum etc and techniques, rim shot, roll etc
Vocal Timbre Specific instrumental techniques Specific instrumental effects Recording Techniques Falsetto, rap, holler, scat Finger picking on an electric guitar or slap bass on a bass Amplification, distortion, feedback ADT, Direct Injection (DI) Reverb, Chorus
BPM MM Groove Backbeat Syncopation Off-Beat Shuffle/swing Beats Per Minute Metronome marking Sense of everyone fitting together to create a forward rhythm, E.G a swing or funk feel Emphasis on the 2 nd and 4 th beat, accents on the off beat Accents in unexpected places, or rhythms that emphasise unusual parts of the beat The second and fourth beats Dotted or triplet quaver feel
Traditional Music s
Blue Notes Pentatonic Whole tone scale Modal 3 rd, 7 th and sometimes 5 th note of the scale slightly lowered The actual pitch varies according to the performer Five note scale that omits the 4 th and 7 th notes of the major scale A scale made from whole notes, e.g C D E F# G# A# Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes
Slide/ Glissando/ Portamento Appogiaturas Ostinato Riff Melody-Scat A glide from one pitch to another Starting the note above and falling down usually takes half the value of the note Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment Repeated short melodic or rhythmic figures Improvised wordless or nonsense singing
Melisma Improvisation Strophic, verse and chorus Call and response Popular song forms Structure One syllable for lots of notes Music made up by a performer as they go along Song with repeated sections of lyrics A phrase is answered by another, using similar but not the same material 32 bar song form A A B A 12 or 16-bar blues
Technology Drone Vocal techniques Imitative Layered Synthesised and computer generated sounds, sampling, reverb, chorus, distortion A note that stays constant, usually in the bass while the melody and harmony above it change Falsetto, vibrato, rap Short motifs or phrases are copied in other parts usually with some modification Parts above or below others to form a richer sound
Irregular/Free Not following a rigid beat Skank Bubble Clave Anacrusis Reggae guitar rhythm using upstums on the offbeat Reggae keyboard technique using off-beat quavers Afro-Cuban rhythm using syncopated accents, typically with accents on the first and fourth beats with a semiquaver ahead or behind for the second and third beats Notes before the bar line
Hemiola Bi-rhythm, cross rhythm, polyrhythm Shuffle beat Backbeat Syncopation Off-beat Feeling of two in triple time Patterns of different rhythms superimposed, e.g three cotchet triplets above a steady two Dotted rhythm feel Accent on the second and fourth beats Accents in unexpected places, or rhythms that emphasise unusual parts of the beat The second and fourth beats
Western Classical Tradition Since 1910 s
Ostinato Motif Melisma Chromatic Dissonant Pedal Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment Short distinctive recurring musical idea used for compositional purpuses One syllable sung over many notes Using notes not found in the key Harsh or discordant sounds created by two notes that do not harmonise A constant note, often tonic or dominant, with melody and harmony changing above
Pentatonic Whole Tone Scale Modal Tonal Ambiguity Five note scale that omits the 4 th and 7 th notes of the major scale A scale made from whole notes, e.g C D E F# G# A# Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes Music that is largely tonal but not clearly in one specific key
Scordatura Flutter tonguing Col Legno Vamping Retuning of stringed instruments up or down Wind instrument tonguing technique in which performers flutter their tongue to make a characteristic "FrrrrFrrrrr" sound. Stringed instrument technique where you play with the wood of the bow Repeating a musical figure like a guitar riff so that people can solo over the top