Children s Literature Janet Vigil There is more treasure in books than in all the pirates loot on Treasure Island and the best of all, you can enjoy these riches every day of your life. Walt Disney History of Children s Literature Ancient World (Rome): 50 500 Oral tales, composed to be heard, not read children borrowed stories they enjoyed form adults children listened to Homer, the Iliad, the Trojan War, the Odyssey Aesop s Fables animal tales with morals The Middle Ages: 500 1500 Medieval Epics Beowulf, Medieval Romances King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Robin Hood Fables & Tales Animals stories Biblical stories; lives of saints; local legends Mingling of magic, enchantment, and the serious Full of wonder, mystery, and excitement 1
Renaissance 1500 1650 Horn books, reading boards, primers for lessons PrinSng Press invented Restora?on: 1650 1800 1658: Orbis Sensualium Pictus or Visible World/ Comenius (first picture book for children) 1686: A Book for Boys and Girls /John Bunyan 1678: Pilgrim s Progress /John Bunyan 1700: The Arabian Nights 1719: Robinson Crusoe /Daniel Defoe 1726: Gulliver s Travels /Swig 1729: Tales of Mother Goose/Perrault 1765: CollecSon of Mother Goose/John Newbery 19 th Century 1800 1900 fantasy, history, adventure, biography, poetry, romances, periodicals 1823: The Grimms Brothers Fairy Tales 1844: Swiss Family Robinson by J.D. Wyss 1846: Hans ChrisSan Andersen 1846: Book of Nonsense by Edward Lear 1885: A Child s Garden of Verses by Robert L. Stevenson 1865: Alice s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll 1868: Lijle Women by Louisa Mae Alcoj 1876: Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain 1880: Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson 1886: Books by Francis Hodges Burnej 1887: Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle 1892: Pinocchio by Carlo Colloli 20 th Century: 1900 2000 Materials based on child interests No longer learning by frightening. 1900: The Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum 1908: Anne of Green Gables by L.M. Montgomery 1911: Peter and Windy by James Barrie 1914: Tarzan by Edgar Rice Burroughs 1927: Winnie the Pooh by A.A. Milne 1934: Mary Poppins by P.L.Travers 1937: Lord of the Rings by T.R.R. Tolkien 1937: Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis 2
Purpose of Children s Literature/Stories To comfort or entertain To instruct Indoctrinate children in social behavior Inculcate moral values of the society Build character (a social /poliscal imperasve) ConSnue the oral tradison Widening Worlds 1. Greater diversity in Children s Books 2. Greater appreciason for quality 3. Numerous book award established: *Newbery Medal, most dissnguished American book wrijen for children in a given year *Caldecoj Medal for the most dissnguished American contribuson to children s book illustrason John Newbery Born in 1713 in Berkshire, England ApprenSced to a printer at age sixteen Master, Carnan, died and leg him the business Publisher of ABC books, children s novels,& magazines, 1 st books were A Lijle Prejy Pocket Book/1744 Bound his books in Dutch floral paper Newbery Award was first given in 1922 by the AssociaSon for Library Service to Children of the American Library AssociaSon Given for outstanding American book for children Designed by Rene Paul Chambellan Depicts an author giving his book to children 3
Randolph Caldecoj 19 th Century English illustrator Designed by Rene Paul Chambellan in 1937 Awarded annually by the AssociaSon for Library Service to Children a division of the American Library AssociaSon Given to arsst of most dissnguished American picture book for children Scene on the award is derived from Caldecoj s illustrason of a character on a runaway horse (from The DiverSng Story of John Gilpin). Reverse side depicts another Caldecoj illustrason from Four and Twenty Blackbirds Baked in a Pie Genre of Children s Literature Picture books Mother Goose & Nursery Rhymes Folk Tales Poetry Fantasy RealisSc FicSon Historical FicSon Autobiography Biography InformaSonal & Reference Books MulScultural Mystery 1. Choose a Good Book Consider these when choosing good books Content Interest Author Illustrator Standard Theme 4
Standards & Benchmarks Standards Standard III: Earth & Space Science The learner will understand the structure of earth, the solar system, and the universe, the interconnecsons among them, and the processes and interacsons of earth s systems. Benchmark II The learner will know the structure and formason of earth and its atmosphere and the processes that shape them. Student/Parent Friendly Student/Parent Friendly Version Standard III Understand that the weather is always changing Understand that the weather can be measured with simple tools Understand that there are different climates (desert, rainforest, arcsc, etc.) Learn about the pajerns of the sun and the moon Benchmark II Know that the earth is always changing and how weather is affected Themes Themes can help you develop a unit Art Try using a webbing approach to plan Social Studies Russia Math Reading Language Music 5
2. Preview the Book Incorporate prior knowledge Predict what the story might be about Draw ajenson to illustrasons 3. Read the Book Aloud Guide the discussion to include these elements Prior knowledge PredicSon AjenSon to Detail Auditory DiscriminaSon Vocabulary Memory IntegraSon (Tie it Altogether) Closure (Discuss the Main Ideas, Meaning, & Themes) WriSng Art Crags Cooking ConstrucSon Drama Music AcSviSes 6
Reading Reading Lesson Echo Reading Read Aloud Shadow Reading Independent Reading Music Shared Reading Wordless Books Computer AcSviSes Reader s Theater Games Literacy Groups Inquiry Story Maps Working with Words Guided Reading Choral Reading Predictable Books Listening Story Tapes/CDs/Computer Songs/Musical Poems/Poetry Performances Read Aloud Partner Reading PresentaSons Speaking Book ConversaSons Teacher Conferences Performances/PresentaSons Puppet Shows Book Sharing/Reports Literacy Group Discussions 7
WriSng Book Generated WriSng lists, lejers, journals, notes, ideas PoeSc Forms Spelling Using the WriSng Process Write a different version of the story Write a different beginning, middle, end Write the story in a different Sme or seqng Write new character dialogue or expressions of feeling or thoughts. Book Facts Picture books have from 28 40 pages Color SeparaSon was done in early books This was a 4 color process One color at a Sme was applied on a sketch Bleeding is the name given when pictures cover the ensre page Pictures get larger unsl the heart of the book then they get smaller Facts consnued Character movement is placed on the leg and those being acted upon are placed on the right This affects the aqtude of the reader by seqng up tension Book acson moves from leg to right into the main event of the story Book acson moves from right to leg in conclusion of the story Illustrators frequently idensfy main characters with more vivid colors or by making them larger Illustrators influence reader feelings with color 8
PublicaSon Process Prose wrisng (first drag to the publisher) Lay out Dummy book is sold (the publisher may make changes) Second dummy is developed (with editorial remarks) Color is determined and applied (color is done first and lines next) Each picture involves about 3 applicasons PublicaSon Process consnued Book is printed in an inexpensive format Book and its cover is mailed to the author for approval Book goes back to the publisher for final approval Finished copy is mailed to the author Process can take from 18 months to 5 years from signing the contract with the publisher to compleson of the book Those who are read to Get enjoyment from stories Understand informason can be obtained from print/books Become familiar with a range of wrijen language structures Gain a sense of intonason pajerns of wrijen language Learn to follow plot, character development, sequence of story events Knowledge of story structure helps predicson Begin to use book language Become risk takers in reading Develop print awareness 9
To become good readers, children need a balanced reading diet You do have to figure out words but reading is not figuring out words and sounding good. Figuring out words is the means to the end of understanding, learning from, thinking about, and enjoying stories and print. Dorothy P. Hall and Patricia M. Cunningham Successful Readers Read Read Read some more Read anything Read everything Read fun things Read things for fun Read then talk about it Read some things very carefully Read things again and again Read on the run Just Read! 10