Table of Contents. vii

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Transcription:

PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... iii SUMMARY OF CONTENTS... v TABLE OF CONTENTS... VII CHAPTER 1: POWER... 1 A. Technological Power... 3 1. Signals... 5 a. Signals Explained... 5 b. Signal Types: Analog or Digital... 7 2. Channels... 10 a. Wireless Systems... 10 b. Wireline Systems... 12 B. Economic Power... 13 1. The Story of Competition... 14 2. The Story of Monopoly... 22 C. Legal Power... 27 1. Congress... 27 a. Communications Act... 27 b. Antitrust Law... 31 2. Agencies... 34 a. The FCC... 35 b. Other Agencies... 41 3. Courts... 42 4. Federalism... 46 a. Federal / State Divide... 46 b. State Public Utilities Commissions... 47 c. Global Structures... 48 vii

viii CHAPTER 2: ENTRY... 51 A. Broadcast... 52 1. Technology... 52 2. Context... 62 3. Spectrum Scarcity... 65 NBC v. United States... 65 Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC... 77 Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo... 87 B. Telephony... 95 1. Technology... 95 2. Context... 98 3. Common Carriage... 99 NW Tel. Exchange Co. v. City of St. Charles.. 100 Note: Natural Monopoly... 111 Note: Mobile Telephony... 116 C. Cable Television... 122 1. Technology... 122 2. Context... 123 3. Medium Scarcity... 125 Community Communications Co. v. Boulder.. 125 Preferred Communications v. Los Angeles... 136 Note: Distributing Scarce Resources... 145 CHAPTER 3: PRICING... 155 A. Telephony... 155 1. Setting Prices... 156 a. Mapping the Players... 156 b. Reviewing the Methods... 165 2. Challenging Prices: Administrative Rationality... 173 USTA v. FCC... 175 3. Subsidizing Prices... 183 a. Before 1996: Implicit Subsidies... 184 b. After 1996: Explicit Subsidies... 188 Note: Connect America Fund... 190

ix B. Cable Television... 194 1. Setting Prices... 194 2. Challenging Prices: First Amendment... 198 Time Warner Entertainment Co., L.P. v. FCC. 198 CHAPTER 4: ACCESS... 209 A. Broadcast TV... 209 1. Access to the Station: Fairness Doctrine... 210 2. Access to the Broadcast Network... 216 Note: Financial Syndication Rules (FinSyn)... 225 Note: Other Checks on Network Dominance... 229 B. Cable Television... 232 1. Access to the Cable System... 233 a. Must-carry... 233 Turner Broadcasting v. FCC... 234 Note: Rise of Retransmission Consent... 256 Note: Cable and Broadcast TV Relations... 258 b. Public, Educational, Government Channels... 261 c. Leased Access... 262 Time Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC... 262 2. Access to the Multiple System Operator... 268 C. Direct Broadcast Satellite... 273 1. Technology... 273 2. Context... 275 3. Access to the DBS System... 277 a. Must-carry?... 277 b. PEG Channels or Leased Access?... 278 Time Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC... 279 Time Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC... 284 D. Telephony... 290 1. Breakup of AT&T... 291 2. Access to the Local Exchange... 297 a. Promoting Local Exchange Competition... 297 b. Intercarrier Compensation... 302

x E. Internet... 309 1. Technology and Context... 309 Kevin Werbach, Digital Tornado: The Internet and Telecommunications Policy... 309 2. Access to Broadband Internet... 319 a. The Problem... 319 Tim Wu, Why Have a Telecommunications Law? Anti-Discrimination Norms in Communications... 323 b. The FCC s response... 329 Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet... 330 USTA v. FCC... 341 Note: Neutrality Deeper in the Cloud... 348 CHAPTER 5: CLASSIFICATION... 357 A. Cable Television... 358 United States v. Midwest Video Corp. (Midwest Video I)... 358 FCC v. Midwest Video Corp. (Midwest Video II)... 366 B. Dial-up Internet... 372 1. Telecommunications Service or Information Service... 373 2. Dial-up Internet as Information Service... 376 C. Broadband Internet... 378 1. Technology and Context... 378 Advanced Telecommunications Capability... 379 2. Broadband Internet as Information Service... 385 Note: Cable Modem Service as Hybrid Service?... 386 High-Speed Access to the Internet over Cable. 390 NCTA v. Brand X... 400 3. Unintended Consequences: Access... 425 Comcast v. FCC... 426 Verizon v. FCC... 434

xi 4. Broadband Internet as Telecommunications Service... 443 Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet... 444 USTA v. FCC (continued)... 466 D. Cross Platform Services... 478 1. VoIP... 479 Vonage Petition... 482 2. Next Generation Video Programming... 504 Office of Consumer Counsel v. AT&T... 509 CHAPTER 6: BAD CONTENT... 523 A. Indecency... 524 1. Broadcast... 524 FCC v. Pacifica... 525 Action for Children s Television v. FCC... 541 Note: Shifting Indecency Policies... 556 2. Telephony... 562 FCC v. Sable Communications of California.. 563 Note: Dial-a-porn Regulations... 570 3. Cable... 574 Cruz v. Ferre... 575 United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group 582 4. Internet... 594 Reno v. ACLU... 595 Ashcroft v. ACLU... 618 Note: Children s Internet Protection Act... 635 B. Privacy... 639 1. Telephony... 640 Bartnicki v. Vopper... 641 NCTA v. FCC... 661 2. Cable TV... 675 Scofield v. Telecable of Overland Park, Inc.... 676 3. Internet... 680 Joffe v. Google... 681

xii Protecting the Privacy of Customers of Broadband and Other Telecommunications Services... 692 CHAPTER 7: INTERMEDIARY LIABILITY... 703 A. Before 47 U.S.C. 230... 704 Note: Defamation Law... 704 Cubby v. CompuServe... 708 Stratton Oakmont v. PRODIGY Services Co.. 714 B. After 47 U.S.C. 230... 723 1. Expansion... 723 Zeran v. America Online... 723 Blumenthal v. Drudge... 734 2. Contraction... 742 Chicago Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights v. Craigslist, Inc.... 743 Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com... 755

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