Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants

Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants

T.K. Lim Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Volume 5, Fruits

ISBN 978-94-007-5652-6 ISBN 978-94-007-5653-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5653-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932982 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Acknowledgments Special thanks to Gary Humphreys for the trip to the wheat belt in Western Australia Brookton, Beverly, York and Northam; Cecilia Lafosse (CIP) and Ezeta Fernando (ex CIP). Photo credits are due to A. Gardner; Lauren and Henriette Damen, Kindred Organics; Geraldine McGuire, Rainforest Bounty; and International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. v

Disclaimer The author and publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to con fi rm the accuracy and completeness of the information presented herein and that the information is in accordance with the standard practices accepted at the time of publication. However, neither the author nor publishers warrant that information is in every aspect accurate and complete and they are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from the application of the information in this work. This book is a work of reference and is not intended to supply nutritive or medical advice to any individual. The information contained in the notes on edibility, uses, nutritive values, medicinal attributes and medicinal uses and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers own actions. vii

Contents Introduction... 1 Apiaceae Carum carvi... 6 Cuminum cyminum... 19 Foeniculum vulgare... 36 Trachyspermum ammi... 60 Brassicaceae Brassica napus... 72 Brassica nigra... 105 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium quinoa... 115 Cunoniaceae Davidsonia pruriens... 132 Lythraceae Punica granatum... 136 Trapa natans... 195 Papaveraceae Papaver somniferum... 202 ix

x Contents Poaceae Avena sativa... 218 Coix lachryma-jobi... 243 Echinochloa frumentacea... 262 Hordeum vulgare... 267 Oryza sativa... 301 Setaria italica... 350 Sorghum bicolor... 359 Triticum aestivum... 385 Zea mays... 416 Zizania palustris... 448 Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum amoenum... 452 Polygonaceae Coccoloba uvifera... 455 Fagopyrum esculentum... 459 Proteaceae Macadamia integrifolia... 494 Macadamia tetraphylla... 502 Ranunculaceae Nigella sativa... 506 Rhamnaceae Hovenia dulcis... 568 Ziziphus jujuba... 578 Ziziphus mauritiana... 605 Rubiaceae Coffea arabica... 614 Coffea canephora... 680

Contents xi Coffea liberica... 710 Morinda citrifolia... 715 Nauclea orientalis... 754 Salicaceae Dovyalis hebecarpa... 758 Flacourtia indica... 761 Flacourtia inermis... 767 Flacourtia jangomas... 771 Flacourtia rukam... 776 Pangium edule... 780 Santalaceae Santalum acuminatum... 785 Xanthorrhoeaceae Dianella caerulea... 790 Zingiberaceae Amomum aromaticum... 793 Amomum compactum... 797 Amomum longiligulare... 801 Amomum subulatum... 804 Amomum tsao-ko... 813 Elettaria cardamomum... 818 Author s Blurb... 828 Medical Glossary... 830 Scientific Glossary... 897 Common Name Index... 920 Scientific Name Index... 927