Region 11 Math & Science Teacher Academy Partnership Life Science 7-12 August 11, 2011
Metadidactic Thinking
Adaptive evolutionary change The Tournament of Kitchen Utensils
Adaptive evolutionary change How does the concept of differential reproductive success apply to this simulation? How does the concept of natural selection apply to this simulation? How does the concept of evolution apply to this simulation?
Adaptive evolutionary change (natural selection) Natural selection The differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by alternative genetic types.
Adaptive evolutionary change (natural selection) Natural selection 1. If there are heritable (phenotypic) variations among individuals in a population and 2. These differences lead to differences among individuals in terms of how many offspring each type produces (= differential reproductive success) then 3. There will necessarily be an increase in the frequency of the type that reproduces better (evolution by way of natural selection)
Adaptive evolutionary change (natural selection) Natural selection = differential reproductive success Perhaps the simplest idea in all of biology!
Evolution, that is, the idea that human beings developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. Definitely true Probably true Probably false Definitely false No opinion 18 35 16 28 3 53 44 Creationism, that is, the idea that God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years Definitely true Probably true All figures are percentages Probably false Definitely false No opinion 39 27 16 15 3 66 31
44 47 44 47 45 45 46 43 44 40 38 35 39 40 37 38 36 38 36 38 9 11 10 9 12 13 13 14 14 16 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 All figures are percentages God created humans in present form Humans evolved, with God guiding Humans evolved, but God played no role
Germans who poisoned wells and springs of northern France and Belgium and fed little children poisoned candy were angels compared to the teachers, paid by our taxes, who feed our children's minds with the deadly soul-destroying poison of evolution. T.T. Martin The changes for the worse we have seen in society in the past 50 years are the predictable result of indoctrination in evolutionary philosophy. Duane Gish If evolution is true, abortion, euthanasia, pornography. genocide, adultery, etc. are all permissible. Kent Hovind
[I don t believe a] creature crawled out of the sea and became a human being one day. I believe I came from God not from a monkey. U.S. Rep. Jack Kingston (R-Georgia) January, 2011
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Simulations of evolutionary forces
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Lunch!
The sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick! -- Charles Darwin What was Darwin s problem with peacocks?
Source: Petrie & Halliday. 1994. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 35:213-217.
rs = 0.475 P < 0.015 Source: Petrie & Halliday. 1994. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 35:213-217.
Source: Petrie & Halliday. 1994. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 35:213-217.
Source: Petrie. 1994. Nature 371:598-599.
Source: Bateman. 1948. Heredity 2:349-368.
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Source: Gibson & Mace. 2003. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:S108-S109.
Source: Rosenfeld & Roberts. 2004. Biol. Reprod. 71:1063 1070.
How is evolution studied? Fossil record
How is evolution studied? Comparative anatomy
How is evolution studied? Developmental biology
How is evolution studied? Artificial Selection
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Jay Crow Raven This lineage is the common ancestor for crows & ravens This lineage is the common ancestor for crows & ravens & jays
A B C A B C
Source: Baum & Offner. 2008. Bioscience 70:222-229.
Mindanao tree shrew Malayan tapir Hippopotamus Virginia opossum European mole African bush elephant Ring-tailed lemur Dobson's shrew tenrec!!!!! Pygmy sperm whale Wild boar West Indian manatee 1. Identify 3 characters that will allow you to distinguish the evolutionary relationship among these taxa.!!! 2. Use this information to construct an evolutionary tree for these taxa. Chimpanzee!!!! Black rhinoceros!
Gingerich PD et al. 2001. Science 293:2239-2242. Rodhocetus kasrani 47 mya Source: Rose, KD. 2001. Science 293:2216-2217.
Science. 2001. 294:2348-2351.
symplesiomorphy (shared ancestral character state) synapomorphy (shared derived character state)
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