9 Jensen s Gradiva Freud s first published analysis of a work of literature I o Dreams created by imaginative writers = imitations of real dreams valuable allies - draw upon forces not yet opened up by science o Gradiva story = a Pompeian phantasy = the girl who steps along o Archeologist discovered relief in museum of antiques wanted to get plaster cast of it He found something today about it it was captured from life Watched females gait for same style of Gradiva s o Dream Found himself in Pompeii on day of the eruption Saw Gradiva going to temple, laid down and face went pale into marble Convinced from the dream that she lived in Pompeii o Upon waking Singing canary in cage felt like he was stuck in a cage - lead him to go to Italy o Hero was pro-ordained by family tradition to be an archaeologist His lively imagination and intelligence - made him into an artist o Trip to Italy In Rome heard couple loving disgusted - so left for Naples but then straight to Pompeii Ignored what people said that there are no such canaries in Pompeii In Pompeii he was only living person there but then everything came alive and dead wakened Looked for traces of Gradiva s footprint distinct from the rest Saw lizard motionless but fled when Gradiva went near it = no hallucination Asked her will you return here tomorrow she was offended and detected erotic nature o Her look was of interest and curiosity His love for sculpture = a love for something past and lifeless Saw wall in which Gradiva went through would have been impossible unless she went under Green clasp = purchased was told it was found in girl s ashes o Saw white blossoms funeral flowers confirmed geniuses of his new possession Honeymoon couple = Edwin and Angelina Slapped her hand to get fly off experiment o She said his name = best method to wake sleeping person up could have confirmed it a hundred miles nearer Gradiva o She lived at corner of his street had cage with canary by window Same bird which gave him idea to go to Italy - father is professor of zoology Childhood friendship between them o Slapping of her hand = revival of impulse for bumping and thumping of childhood o shared meal life this two thousand years ago = from childhood Zoe Bertgang
II o had lively memories of childhood o Was dependent on Norbert would never find more agreeable friend o Archaeology took over Norbert became an unbearable person therefore no longer had any eyes or tongue or any memory o She tried to give affection to her father he wanted nothing of it = became attracted to Norbert Her love increased when Norbert began to get evolved with sciences and ignored her Similar situation as her father-copy of him id ed both in her feeling Archaeopteryx compared to Norbert bird which belongs to archaeology of zoology Norbert Hanold o forgotten why she looked different from before To which she replied, if you had noticed me it might have dawned on you that I ve looked like this for quite some time o Repression = repressed childhood friendship with Zoe Return like this is to be expected when a person s erotic feelings are attached to the repressed impressions o Human mind becomes sensitive in states of repression Small similarities causes repressed to emerge behind repressing force Ex. Boy unwillingly introduced to sex took flight from anything sex o Methods of repression = closer to mother, education, childish o Logical for girl he loved in his childhood in a forgotten memory to appear as a antique sculpture Would catch animal while Zoe s father watched he would choose between that or Zoe o Hanold proposed to take honeymoon in Italy and Pompeii Delusion conquered o When they reached Herculean Gate street crossed by ancient stepping stones o Hanold paused and let girl go in front of him, she knew what to do childhood friend who had been dug out of the ruins = key to symbolism for Norbert s delusion of disguising his repressed memory A burial of how Pompeii was = memory could emerge again from the work of spades = No better analogy for repression Similarity that his delicate sense perceived Between a particular mental process and an isolated historical event o Suggests story is a psychiatric study rather than a phantasy o Things they aren t of reality Sees ancient relief and resembles person living long ago
Dead women placed in Pompeii only due to his imagination Pompeii actually carried him away from the living women that was already living near him o Author s mind isn t open to us to ask questions = same as Shakespeare of King Lear III o Delusion: One pathological state that does not produce a direct effect upon the body are manifested only by mental indications Phantasy have gained the upper hand Substitutes for repressed memories which a resistance will not allow to enter conscious unaltered o Psychiatrist would place these delusions of him as a paranoia and fetishistic erotomania (due to feet) o Disposition in the formation of the delusion Staying away from women produces susceptibility When he saw the relief childhood impressions stirred up still did not come into consciousness Unconscious = wider = descriptive term Repressed = narrow = dynamic expression Everything repressed = unconscious Struggle between power of erotism and forces repressing it = manifestation of the struggle = delusion o Gradiva = war-god mars gradivus = also means bertgang = someone who steps along brilliantly o Zoe = life in Greek o Outside of temple = her face covered with ashes = lost its color = turning to white marble = sculpture o Borrowed from Freud s Dream book Dreams are related to events of the day before the dream Dream images are produced long something in it really is as we did in real life\ Latent dream thought = the girl you are looking for lives here with you o Longings met with repudiation transformed into anxiety = terrifying pictures Love for Zoe = became manifest content of dream destruction of Pompeii and Gradiva Latent dream thoughts = Hanold s daily residue o Dreams and delusions come from same source = what is repressed Dreams = psychological delusions of normal people o Girl he went to chase down outside of house = if it had actually been her = confirmation of delusions = collapse of internal struggle = end of story o His journey was result of his resistance gathering new strengths after surge forwards of erotic desires in dreams = attempt to flight from physical presence of girl he loved o Appearance of gradiva as zoe = the cure, we have since been developing the delusion o Gradiva was mid day ghost sent to be motive behind dream Exchanged words with him or an hour and then had to sing into the ground or seek her grave o Chronic delusion = absurdities all below woven into one absurdity
Drank wine while others ate = he was actually trying to find which hotel Gradiva was at Found narrow gap in wall where she disappeared Lizard catcher address him as an acquaintance Third hotel bought green clasp - sun = sole hotel Slipping through walls like a lizard When he wanted out of dream out of the madness help from bird to make a short laughing call Bird laughing = Gradiva laughing at him o Lizard catcher replaced in dream with Gradiva Father was professor of zoology = lizard catcher Lizard catching = man catching o Lady college in real life = young lady that wore red dress in dream o Red rose = symbol for love relation = Hanold understood this is what Gradiva and he would become o White flowers for Gradiva = Hanold being masculine o Grain of truth to every delusion o dig out she said trespassing on Hanold s profession His symbolism of lizard catching trespassed on her families zoology Each where trying to assume the other character o Zoe s speech to get rid of people simply directed to reader o Zoe as a physician to Hanold tried to help him along and get him to remember repressed Same as therapeutic method analytic method used created by Freud and Breurer Cure = relapse of love Gradiva could return love but dr cannot o Author denied anything to do with Freud s work and said it was created from his imagination 1. Coincidence of Freud s work in an innocent work of art? 2. Author had not known of Freud s work true? But they both used the same source of information simply expressed in diff methods o Agreement = both have worked correctly o First dream 2 wishes competed with eachother 1 admissibility into consciousness - wish to have been present in Pompeii - archaeological reasons 2 belonged to unconscious and acted in repression wish of erotic nature o wish for girl to be laid down to sleep = rejection and created the anxiety dream Wish to be taken captive by girl he loved = lizard catching = masochistic character Next day - hit her = sadism = opposite they go with eachother though Postscript o Two others stories found by this author o Similarities: white flowers, small animal butterflies, mid day glare of sun on girl who died, ruined castle same as ruins of Pompeii
All three stories have a same theme of the development of love as an aftereffect of an intimate association in childhood of a brother-sister kind Gradiva zenith of Greek art Jensen describes as roman Two other relief s found which represented Hoare, goddess of vegetation, & deities of the fertilizing dew who are allied to them