Animal Modernity
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Animal Modernity: Jumbo the Elephant and the Human Dilemma Susan Nance University of Guelph, Canada
Susan Nance 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-56206-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978-1-137-56207-4 PDF ISBN: 978-1-349-85083-9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot DOI: 10.1057/9781137562074
To Okie and Honey Bee
Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations vii viii ix Introduction: Modernity for Animals? 1 1 Jumbo: Sentient Animal Celebrity 9 2 Jumbo: Tourist and Consumer 40 3 Jumbo: Carcass, Relic, Toy 57 Conclusion: From Jumbo to Knut 82 Bibliography 88 Index 101 vi
List of Illustrations I.1 Jumbo with Matthew Scott in London, 1882 6 1.1 Jumbo with female visitors and bun, London. The Graphic, 1882 16 1.2 Satirical cartoon and poem on the Jumbo scandal. Judy, 1882 27 2.1 Sullen Jumbo as marketing vehicle. Funny Folks, 1882 49 2.2 Clark s O.N.T. Spool Cotton trade card, ca. 1882 51 3.1 The 2 Jumbos, ca. 1888 71 3.2 Jumbo, dog, and children at tea party. Cyr, A Children s Primer, 1892 75 DOI: 10.1057/9781137562074.0002 vii
Acknowledgments I have always been very grateful to the dedicated people with whom I have worked at the many archives I have had the privilege to visit and draw from all these years. In this case, I would like to thank those who labor away preserving the history of elephants, and of circuses and zoos, at the archives that were crucial for this project: Tufts University Library, the British Library, the John & Mabel Ringling Museum of Art, the New York Historical Society, the University of Rochester Department of Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation, and, of course, the Robert L. Parkinson Library and Research Center of the Circus World Museum in Baraboo, Wisconsin. viii DOI: 10.1057/9781137562074.0003
List of Abbreviations HAWP Henry Augustus Ward Papers, Department of Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. TDC Tibbals Digital Collection, Online Collections, John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL, http://emuseum.ringling.org/ emuseum/objects/viewcollections/. DOI: 10.1057/9781137562074.0004 ix