BIG Final Review
Revolutionary Period 1750-1800 Patrick Henry: Speech in the Virginia Convention Thomas Paine: The Crisis
Personal Appeals:
Personal Appeals: Ethos
Personal Appeals: Ethos Pathos
Personal Appeals: Ethos Pathos Logos
Personal Appeals: Ethos: An appeal to authority Pathos: An appeal to emotion Logos: An appeal to logic
Evidence: Counterargument: Connotation: Denotation:
Evidence: support for an argument. Counterargument: an argument in opposition to your own view. Connotation: the emotions associated with a word. Denotation: The dictionary s definition of a word.
Topics / Themes
Topics / Themes Freedom War All people must be free.
Romanticism 1800-1850
Romanticism Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Psalm of Life The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death
Topics / Themes 5 I s Individualism Imagination Intuition Inspiration (from nature) Idealism
Topics / Themes Death: a natural part of the cycle of life. Life: it is important to do something worthwhile / inspire others.
Poetry Terms Simile A comparison between two things using like or as Metaphor A comparison between two things that does not use like or as
Extended Metaphor When an entire work (an entire poem, song, story) is a comparison between two things. Personification When a non-human thing is given human-like characteristics
Symbol Anything that stands for or represents something else. Hyperbole A deliberate exaggeration or overstatement, often used for comic effect.
Onomatopoeia The use of words that imitate sounds. Stanza A group of lines in a poem that are considered to be a unit.
Repetition The repetition of the same word, phrases, or lines. Rhyme Scheme A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem.
Realism 1850-1914
Realism 1850-1914 Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour Fredrick Douglass My Bondage and My Freedom Ambrose Bierce An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Characteristics of Realism Ordinary characters Highly detailed, ordinary plot Ending might be unhappy Ordinary speech Settings exist About recent or contemporary life
Theme The central message of a story (moral / lesson) Tone The writer s attitude toward his or her subject, characters, or audience.
Figurative Language A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another.
Irony Verbal: Dramatic: Situational:
Irony Verbal: when the words used suggest an opposite meaning. Dramatic: Situational:
Irony Verbal: when the words used suggest an opposite meaning. Dramatic: when readers know something that a character does not. Situational:
Irony Verbal: when the words used suggest an opposite meaning. Dramatic: when readers know something that a character does not. Situational: when an action or situation is very different from what one expects.
Modernism 1914-1946
Modernism 1914-1946 F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby
Modernism is about: Disillusionment (loss of faith/trust in the future) Life falling apart (fragmented/chaotic)
Postmodernism 1946-Present
Postmodernism 1946-Present Arthur Miller The Crucible
Characteristics: Told w/objective or omniscient (allseeing) point of view Fragmented ( things are falling apart )
Additonal Literary Terms to Know: Topic Sentence: the sentence that introduces the paragraph. Genre: A type of literature. Allusion: A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance.
Bandwagon: trying to convince someone to do something so they won t feel left out. Alliteration: the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or accented syllables.
Fragments Subject + Verb + Complete Thought = Complete Sentence
Punctuation rules: If a fragment comes at beginning of sent, use a comma after it. If a fragment comes at the end of sent, no comma is needed.
Run-Ons S + V + CT + S + V + CT = Run-on
Fixing Run-ons 1. Make each sentence stand on its own by putting a period between them. 2. Put a semicolon between each sentence. 3. Combine the sentences w/a semicolon and a transition word, followed by a comma.
4. Combine the sentences w/a comma AND conjunction: For And Nor But Or Yet So
5. Turn one sent. into a fragment w/one of these frag. words: although, because, since, when, whenever, even though, if, unless, while, before, where, who, which, that, whose, whom
Fragment, CS CS Fragment
Verbs Verbs express: 1. Action 2. State of being 3. Mental States
Helping Verbs: do does has have is are be was might could will can
Prepositional Phrases A group of words that begins with a preposition & is closely followed by a noun or pronoun. to the store on the roof in the brilliant, yellow sunshine