Plagiarism, Referencing and Library Services Jo Gardner Bodleian Social Science Librarian Elizabeth Wells Foreign, Comparative, and International Law Librarian
Session overview 1130 1215: Plagiarism What to avoid Exercise Where to find further guidance 1215 1230: Referencing and Reference Management Referencing styles: Harvard, OSCOLA Reference Management software 1230 1300: Your Library Services All library services in Oxford Usernames and passwords you need Online resources Social Science Library Law Library Where to find further guidance
Citations are References to published or other sources within the body of a paper/book/thesis An intellectual link between the work and the cited source Used to measure impact, research performance etc. Bibliometrics Systematic measurement of citation data. Research Assessment Uses bibliometric and other assessments to measure the research output of universities = funding!
Plagiarism/n 1. The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/09
Chatzimarkakis breached university policy by failing to quote direct passages of other works appropriately; instead of using quotation marks to show that the passage was not written by Chatzimarkakis, he simply used a footnote at the end of the text referring to the work it came from. "Such a practice gives the impression that it is Chatzimarkakis who is speaking, while in reality texts of other authors are being reproduced." http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/14/plagiarism-row-jorgochatzimarkakis-germany http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15232002,00.html
What to avoid (1) Verbatim quotation without clear acknowledgement Quotations must always be identified Paraphrasing Can be misleading (even with a citation) Cutting and pasting from the Internet Information derived from the Internet must be adequately referenced Collusion Can include unauthorised collaboration between students, failure to attribute assistance received. Oxford Students website www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills
What to avoid (2) Inaccurate citation It is important to cite correctly, according to the conventions of your discipline. Professional agencies You should neither make use of professional agencies in the production of your work nor submit material which has been written for you. Auto-plagiarism You must not submit work for assessment which you have already submitted to fulfil the requirements of another degree course or examination. Oxford Students website www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills
Plagiarism Exercise
Turnitin Integrated with WebLearn Assignments tool Used to find text matches between students submitted work and existing electronic sources, including other student assignments. An Originality Report is produced for each submission, and an overall score (the similarity index) is assigned. http://help.it.ox.ac.uk/ltg/teachingwithtechnology/plagiarism
Find out more University regulations and information University website Students section www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills University Student Handbook Examinations and Course Requirements [Section 8] www.proctors.ox.ac.uk/handbook Criminology Graduate Student Handbook https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/portal/site/:socsci:law:postgrad:crim
Reference Management
Referencing styles Harvard Author-date system Use for broader social science approaches Includes some, but not all legal citations (e.g. international treaties) OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for Citation Of Legal Authorities) Footnote system Use for legal essays Citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal documents
Inserting citations tips for using Harvard Up to three authors cite all named authors (Adams, Weiss and Coatie, 2010) Use et al. for more than three authors (Lauren et al., 2006) Every author is given in the bibliography If the source is anonymous use the title instead
Harvard examples Book In-Text Citation (Findlay 1999: 11) Bibliography Findlay, M. 1999, The globalisation of crime : understanding transitional relationships in context, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Journal article In-Text Citation (Hooghe et al. 2011) Bibliography Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. & Bircan, T. 2011, "Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime: Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium, 2001 06", The British Journal of Criminology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1-20.
Inserting citations - Quoting Quote only when necessary When meaning would be lost if summarised You are discussing the language used Use for short quotations of 1 to 2 sentences As Amartya Sen (1999: 10) writes, Freedoms are not only the primary ends of development, they are also among its principal means.
Inserting citations Indented block text The increasing cultural influence of the West is indicative of the West s growing dominance: The contemporary world is dominated by the West, and even though the imperial authority of the erstwhile rulers of the world has declined, the dominance of the West remains as strong as ever-in some ways stronger than before, especially in cultural matters. The sun does not set on the empire of Coca-cola or MTV. (Sen, 1999: 240) The nature of this cultural imperialism has widespread implications for how we measure the impact that
Inserting citations - Paraphrasing Restating an idea in your own words Can be misleading avoid if possible Example* People's willingness to obey authority figures cannot be explained by psychological factors alone. In an earlier era, people may have had the ability to invest in social situations to a greater extent. However, as society has become increasingly structured by a division of labor, people have become more alienated from situations over which they do not have control (Milgram, 1974: 737) * Example modified and taken from: Anon, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Available at: http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k70847&pageid=icb.page350378 [Accessed 26 September 2016].
www.law.ox.ac.uk/publications/oscola.php + google OSCOLA faqs for addenda
Footnotes OSCOLA & Criminal Case Law 2.1.2 It is common [and acceptable!] in works on criminal law to see R v Caldwell shortened to just Caldwell even in the first citation Ch 4 Appendix OSCOLA approved abbreviations Caldwell (1994) 99 Cr App R 73 Caldwell [1993] Crim LR 862
The most important rule to remember once you ve chosen which referencing style to use: Be Consistent
How can you manage your references?
The Process
Choosing your reference manager Efficient use of reference management software can define your workflow So what is important to your workflow? You can export your references to another reference manager later
Choosing your reference manager What is important to your workflow? Exporting/importing references from databases Cost Integration with word processors PDF management OSCOLA Online storage/syncing Sharing and social networking
Syncs with major databases, e.g. Web of Science (SSCI etc) Software: 98.40 from IT services EndNote Online: Free via our subscription. Software: MS Word, OpenOffice, Pages EndNote Online: MS Word, OpenOffice. Software: can upload PDFs EndNote Online: Limited storage Compatible with OSCOLA Software: Unlimited. Online: Limited storage (50k). Share references with groups using Endnote Online
Syncs with all ProQuest databases (IBSS etc.) Free through University subscription, including Alumni access Integrates well with Word and Google Docs, basic functionality with other processors. No cloud storage for PDFs. Compatible with OSCOLA Unlimited online storage of references, with folder management Share references with groups
No database integration. Import references directly from websites using Firefox, Chrome and Safari. First 300 MB of storage is free MSWord, LibreOffice, OpenOffice, NeoOffice Metadata searching and PDF management Compatible with OSCOLA Access your papers on the web Share references with groups
Reference Management - Further information Reference Management LibGuide [Includes dates of workshops] http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/reference-management Instructions for using OSCOLA with EndNote, Refworks, Zotero https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/publications/oscolastyles-endnote-latek-refworks-and-zotero
3,800 study spaces 600 computers and wireless network The Bodleian Libraries offer: 30 libraries including Central Bodleian reading rooms, Social Science, Law, Anthropology, Education, Business, Philosophy & Theology, Latin American Studies, Radcliffe Science, etc. www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/libraries More than 12 million print volumes 1,000 items added daily to the collections 80,000 e-journals 850,000 e-books 1,000 databases
Legal Deposit College Libraries
Connecting to Library services 1. Single Sign On 2. Bodleian-Libraries
Single Sign On Issued to you by University IT Services For logging onto SOLO (library catalogue) For accessing online resources off-campus
Bodleian-Libraries Your username is the 7-digit number on your University Card. Your default password is your DOB (e.g. 01JAN1990). For accessing Bodleian Libraries PCs Bodleian-Libraries wifi PCAS [Print, Copy and Scan]
To print, copy and scan in the libraries 1. Top up using your credit/debit card at https://bodleian.pcounterwebpay.com 2. In addition to copying, you can: - print from your device or library PC - scan to email or USB drive 3. Copyright restrictions apply 4. Prices scanning 2p, A4 single 6p and A4 double 9p, colour starts from 38p
SOLO https://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk
Open Shelf print resources
Closed Stack print resources
Online Reading Lists https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/portal/site/:socsci:law:postgrad:crim
SSL ereadings on WebLearn https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/portal/site/:socsci:ssl
http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk
(SSL) Opening hours in Term (Weeks 0-9) Mon Fri 09:00 22:00 Saturday 10:00-18:00 Sunday 11:00 19:00 www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/ssl
SSL Services SSL Services and Help - Lending (up and to enquiry 30 books, services normal -loans Bodleian 7 days, stack short requests loans 2 days, - Study up carrels to 7 renewals, - Discussion fines rooms 20p or 1-400 a day study ) - Self-Issue spaces machines - Computers - Bodleian and wireless stack requests - Printing, - copying Enquiry services & scanning & friendly - Free spiral staff binding - Graduate - Subject study Consultant rooms - Study appointments carrels - Book discussion - Efficient and rooms friendly - Computers staff and wireless - Printing, copying & scanning - Borrow equipment (Nooks, laptop locks, ethernet cables etc.) - Buy stationery Borrow: - Free USB spiral flash binding drives, Buy: pens, pencils, paper, headphones, locker padlocks, - Subject Consultant appointments - Training courses USB flash drives, bags, highlighters, KeepCups ethernet cables, desk lamps, calculators, laptop locks
Bodleian Law Library www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/law Term Opening Week 0 Mon Fri 09:00 19:00 Sat-Sun 10:00-19:00 Weeks 1-8 Mon Fri 09:00 22:00 Saturday 10:00-19:00 Sunday 10:00 19:00
http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iskills Workshops for postgraduates & researchers Topics covered: Finding scholarly materials Reference management (Endnote, RefWorks, Zotero & Mendeley) Keeping up to date Measuring research impact Copyright and intellectual property Open access publishing Managing research data
Any questions? jo.gardner@bodleian.ox.ac.uk elizabeth.wells@bodleian.ox.ac.uk