What Aadhaar collects

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1 What Aadhaar collects Fears of a surveillance state are overblown, but a robust privacy bill is needed. Srikanth Nadhamuni, [The writer was founding head-of-technology of the Aadhaar project] Claims, insinuations and even jokes have done the rounds on print and social media about how the Aadhaar system could lead to a surveillance state. There are worries that unsuspecting Aadhaar carrying residents will be closely tracked by the government while they authenticate themselves as they pay for their pizza or buy rice at a ration shop. We need to understand what data Aadhaar collects and more importantly what it doesn t, to determine whether the above dystopian scenarios are likely or even possible.aadhaar does only two things. First, enrolment, wherein an applicant is processed and issued an Aadhaar number. Second, online authentication where the Aadhaar holder is accurately verified during a transaction such as buying rations. Back in December 2009, a government appointed committee with representatives from several ministries, regulators and NGOs met to determine which demographic fields should be collected to issue an Aadhaar. After lengthy deliberations, the committee came up with a simple rule UIDAI should only collect the minimal amount of information in order to protect the privacy of the people. The four mandatory fields were, Name, Address, Gender and Date-of-birth. Email and mobile number were left optional. Similarly, a government appointed biometric committee decided that ten fingerprints, two irises, and a photo of the face were needed to accurately de-duplicate the entire population and issue a unique ID, thus ensuring that a resident does not get multiple Aadhaar IDs. This was the bane of earlier systems, where programme-based ID cards which lacked uniqueness (one person, one ID) resulted in duplicates and ghost IDs, leading to resource capture, leakage and other fraudulent transactions.based on the above demographic and biometric data that is collected, the enrolment system issues an Aadhaar number after a de-duplication process to ensure that the resident is unique and does not already possess an Aadhaar number. Once the resident is enrolled in the Aadhaar system, she can now authenticate herself at various points to prove her identity. Just as one would enter a user-id and password to login to one s email account, the Aadhaar holder can now authenticate herself by entering her Aadhaar-number (user-id) and one of the demographic/ biometric details (password). This online verification proves to be very useful in a host of services, be it government service delivery, banking/ payments or even renting a bicycle. Now let s look at Aadhaar authentication.

IMPORTANT NEWSCLIPPINGSS (03-Mar-18) 2 During authentication, the user enters the Aadhaar number and one or more of the biometric (fingerprint/ iris) or demographic (name/ address/ gender/ date of birth) fields and Aadhaar returns a Yes/ No response. It does not return other details about the person, hence protecting the privacy of the individual. The Aadhaar system does not collect the specificc purpose of your authentication, or the location of your transaction so there is no way the system can construct where you weree and what you were doing. As can be seen in Section 3.3 of the Aadhaar Authentication API Specification, there is no input field in the dataa format that collects the location or type of transaction being carried out (example, paying for your pizza or buying rice at a ration shop).delving deeper into privacy and accountability, let s look at the audit trail feature Aadhaar provides so that you can view your Aadhaar transactions and ensure that they were all bonafide just as you reconcile your bank statements. It can be argued that if the history of Aadhaar transactions contained details such as what (specific transaction type), where (location information) and by whom (authenticating entity), the user would be empowered with context against potential frauds by more accountability in the system. In fact, an earlier version of the Authentication API spec didd collect the location information for this very reason. On the contrary, it can also be argued that collecting the wheree and what and who would compromise the Aadhaar holder s privacy. The point i m making is that a line has to be drawn somewhere between privacy and accountability and you can t have both independent of each other. A measured, balanced approach between the two is in the interest of citizens and this, i believe, is what Aadhaar offers. An average smartphone user can be tracked by the telecom provider who can triangulate the user s location throughh telecom base stations. Apps from Google, Facebook, Apple and thousands of other companies are also able to track smartphone user location using GPS sensors. Surveys show that over 75% of smartphone users enable location services. This is the reality of the digital world we live in. In contrast, the Aadhaar authenticationn system is designed to protect people s privacy by not collecting such information. India is coming to terms with privacy in this ncreasingly digital world for the first time. The debatee around Aadhaar privacy is a precursor to the larger privacy debate. It is a good thing thatt people are becoming aware of the issues around privacy. Aadhaar brings tremendous benefits to our country, be it in plugging the leaky pipes of the government s benefits delivery, or convenient pension payments. The passing of a robust privacy bill and Aadhaar compliance to it would hopefully help alleviate concerns as we strive to build systems of better service delivery in a dataa rich and digital India. Do Not Stymie Banks With Knee-Jerk Fiats ET Editorials

3 Yes, it is important for the government to be seen to be responsive to serious fraud at public sector banks, especially in the current, politically sensitive year of a series of state elections that lead up to the general elections next year. But that does not mean issuing directives to banks that are guaranteed to frighten managers into doing next to nothing at a time when the economy is showing some signs of a pick-up in investment.the directive issued to banks to, one, examine every non-performing asset larger than Rs 50 crore for possible fraud and refer any scam identified to the CBI and, two, to identify systemic, institutional practices that would prevent fraud, both within 15 days is designed to stymie banking for the time being rather than to sort things out. Vigilance officers at banks are supposed to have been at work all the while and would have spotted and reported fraud, if they could spot one. Will a directive from the government give them a special scamdetecting third eye they did not possess earlier? Unlikely.Will it send panic among staff that had sanctioned loans that have soured, and will they devote all their waking moments to devising retrospective protection for themselves and plotting how to implicate some rival in a possible scam, while doing little actual banking? Very likely. And, as for creating systemic practices designed to prevent scams, it is always useful for banks to brainstorm on such a subject but the brainstorming has to begin at the level of the government and the regulator. Ownership and its exercise at PSBs provide room for non-professional factors to creep into loan sanctioning decisions. How should ownership/holding structures change? What role would a bond market play in vetting project viability and relieving bankers of the burden of sanctioning an inflated project loan? What lacunae prevent such a bond market from functioning? What remuneration structures would provide the right incentives for proper banking? The government and the regulator should lead the debate, not deflect it to the banks. नय मक य स थ न क लए ह वत त र आकलन क यव थ ए क भट ट च यर व त म त र अ ण ज टल न कह ह क भ रत म र जन तक न त व क उसक तम म कदम और न क रयत क लए जव बद ह ठहर य ज त ह ल कन नय मक क नह यह ट पण ल टर ऑफ अ डरट क ग (एलओय ) घ ट ल क स दभर म ह जसन प ज ब न शनल ब क क चप ट म ल रख ह व त म त र क वक त य क क छ दन पहल य जन आय ग क अ तम उप यक ष म ट क स ह आहल व लय न भ द श क प रम ख न त नम र ण स थ ओ म नगर न त त र क कम क

4 जक र कय थ आहल व लय न अपन ब त अ तरर ट र य म द र क ष क वत त र आकलन क ब र म कह थ वह इ डयन क उ सल फ र रसचर ऑन इ टरन शनल इकन मक रल श स म एक स ग ठ क स ब धत कर रह थ द न वक त य क स दभर एकदम अलग ह ज टल न उक त बय न तब दय जब प एनब म ह ए 114 अरब पय क घ ट ल क खबर क ब द सरक र स ज र कदम उठ न क म ग क ज रह थ आहल व लय क द श म न त नम र त ओ क नगर न क इ छ क स ब ध आईएमएफ ब डर व र ग ठत वत त र आकलन क य र लय क सक र मक प रण म स ह ज उसक क मक ज क नगर न करत ह आहल व लय 2001 म ग ठत आईएमएफ क वत त र आकलन क य र लय क पहल नद शक भ ह द न व र उठ ए गए म अहम और प र स गक ह आ खर नय मक क जव बद ह क स बन य ज ए? क य व त म त र लय व र क रय वत र जक ष य न तय य एफआरब एम ऐक ट और म द रक न त स म त व र आक लत म द रक न तय क आकलन क नगर न क लए कस नगर न स थ क ज रत ह? यह कहन प र तरह सह नह ह ग क भ रत य नय मक जव बद ह नह ह फलह ल अ धक श नय मक म अप ल य स थ ह ज उनक आद श क द खत ह और उस यह अ धक र भ ह क च ह त आद श क उलट सक श यर ब ज र और ब म ब ज र क नय मक य स थ ओ क नणर य क खल फ अप ल क स नव ई प र तभ त अप ल य प च ट म क ज सकत ह बजल नय मक म एक नय मक य स थ ह और द रस च र नय मक म भ इस तरह र ट र य क पन ल अप ल य प च ट म प र त पध र आय ग और इ स व स ऐ ड ब गक र टस ब डर क नणर य क खल फ अप ल स न ज त ह इस म मल म रजवर ब क अपव द ह उसक प स ब क क नयमन और म द रक न त त य र करन ज स द अहम क म ह क द र य ब क म भ ल कप ल ह ल कन व क वल ब क क ग र हक क शक यत स नत ह आरब आई क लए क ई अप ल य स थ नह ह और उसक कस नणर य य ब क नयमन क कस उ च प र धक र म च न त नह द ज सकत ह ऐस म व त म त र क इस ब त स क य त पयर ह क भ रत य यव थ क नय मक जव बद ह नह ह? आरब आई क अल व सभ नय मक पर अप ल य स थ ह जह उनक नणर य क च न त द ज सकत ह आरब आई क सभ नय मक म सव च थ न ह सल ह पहल स सट क चल आ रह यव थ म अच नक क ई भ बदल व करन उ चत नह ह ग फर भ नय मक क नयमन और उ ह जव बद ह बन न क सव ल क फ समय स सरक र क पर श न कए ह ए ह यह भ समझ ज न च हए क क वल अप ल य स थ बन न स जव बद ह तय नह ह त अप ल स थ न क छ क ष त र म सफल स बत ह त ह क य क नय मक इस ब त स अवगत ह त ह क उनक कदम क सम क ष ह सकत ह और उ ह पलट भ ज सकत ह बहरह ल, नय मक य जव बद ह स न चत करन क एक तर क यह ह क सभ नय मक य न त नणर य स थ न क लए वत त र नगर न स थ बन ई ज ए उ ह जव बद ह बन न क बज य ब हतर ह ग वत त र नगर न स म त क गठन करन यह स म त सभ नय मक य स थ न और अप ल य स थ न क लए बन ई ज सकत ह इन स म तय क गठन न करन क भ अन क खतर ह उनक अन प थ त म र जन तक प र त ठ न स नय मक क जव बद ह बन न क म ग बढ़त ज एग एक और खतर म ज द अ क क षण स थ ओ क व त र क ह सकत ह य स थ ए स सद क इस ब र म ज नक र द त ह क सरक र और उसक अ य अ ग, उ ह आव टत स स धन क कस तरह यय कर रह ह यह अपन आप म एक अहम क म ह ल कन सम य तब खड़ ह सकत ह जब वह व त य अ क क षक अपन भ मक क व त र करत ह आ न तय क औ च य और उनक प रभ व पर भ वच र करन लग न तगत

5 क रय वयन क आकलन करन क म नस य म नक वह नह ह सकत ह ज व त य यवह र और यय क कफ यत क आकलन क ऐस म यह आव यक ह सरक र अपन र जक ष य स ढ़ करण क ल य पर कस तरह आग बढ़ रह ह, इसक आकलन तथ व घ और थरत क म च पर म द रक न त स म त क सफलत ज नन क लए वत त र नगर न स थ न क यव थ क ज ए अहम ब त यह ह क य नगर न स थ ए व त म त र लय और आरब आई क यह सल ह भ द सकत ह क उ ह अपन ल य ह सल करन क लए क य कदम उठ न च हए इन नगर न स थ न क आज द अहम ह तभ य स थर क भ मक नभ प ए ग व अपन रप टर व त म त र लय य आरब आई क द सकत ह भल ह उनक फ ड ग सरक र स आए ल कन उ ह प र आज द स क म करन क म क मलन च हए य जन आय ग न अपन सम पन स क छ वक त पहल वत त र आकलन क य र लय क थ पन क थ पर त य जन आय ग क स थ उसक अ त व भ सम त ह गय अब वक त आ गय ह क अ य नय मक तथ र जक ष य और म द रक न त क लए वत त र आकलन क य र लय क वच र पर क म कय ज ए द श क करद त ओ अथव न ग रक क यह अ धक र ह