Panel Discussion: Personal Safety and Human Factors Richard Scaife Director The Keil Centre Limited richard@keilcentre.co.uk v1.0 0614 The Keil Centre, 2014 1
About The Keil Centre Based in the UK & Australia 20 staff & associates International client base Therapy & Counselling Human Factors Analysis Tools - Organisational development - StressTools - 360 degree feedback - Safety Culture Maturity - Coaching v1.0 0614 The Keil Centre, 2014 2
Human Factors and Personal Safety Safety Behaviours Everyone, Supervisors & Managers Proactive approach Learning Lessons How & why did unsafe behaviours occur? Changing behaviours as a result Equipment Design Allocation of Function, Automation Applying the lessons v1.0 0614 The Keil Centre, 2014 3
Safety Behaviours Topic Everyone Supervisors Managers Standards Follow rules Ensure compliance Set high standards Communication Speak up Encourage the team Communicate openly Risk Management Be mindful Promote risk awareness Confront risk Involvement Get involved Involve the team Involve the workforce The Keil Centre, 2014
Supervisors behaviours Supervisor behaviours to improve safety performance The Keil Centre, 2014 5
Validity (site data, 12 offshore facilities) 12 offshore oil & gas installations All-injury rate Reportable injury rate (TRIF) Manager safety behaviours (Mean) Supervisor safety behaviours (Mean) Everyone safety behaviours (Mean) = large supportive relationship; = medium ; = small The Keil Centre, 2014
Learning Lessons Gather Evidence Assemble Timeline Identify Root Causes RC1 RC2 RC3 Specify behaviour(s) to be understood Unintentional Sensory Memory Decision Action Intentional Error Analysis Change analysis if dictated by evidence ABC Analysis The Keil Centre, 2014 7
Defining the Behaviours Specify all the behaviours that you wish to understand Involved Were the behaviours intentional or unintentional? What evidence (and assumptions) are you basing your decisions on? The Keil Centre, 2014 8
Analysing Behaviours for Effective Learning Extract & specify behaviours accurately Classify each behaviour correctly identifying intentional & unintentional behaviour types Describe key human factors that impact on behaviours Develop better Recommendations Use ABC & Error Analysis to analyse behaviours & understand contributing factors The Keil Centre, 2014 9
Allocation of Function Allocating tasks between humans and machines. Outcomes are: 1. Functions that must be performed by the human 2. Functions that must be performed by the machine 3. Functions that can be performed by either or both One method is to base it on: Relative capabilities; who or what will perform the task better? The Keil Centre, 2014 10
Fitt s List or Tables of Relative Merit (TRM) Quality Machine Human Computation Accurate, fast. Poor at error correction Complex activities Multi-channel Slow, inaccurate Good at error correction Single channel. Time sharing Consistency Precise repetition Unreliable. Needs monitoring Intelligence Limited at present Can deal with unpredicted Can anticipate Manipulation Good at specific tasks Memory Great versatility Good literal reproduction Large store, multiple access. Best for principles & strategies Overload Sudden breakdown Graceful degradation Power Wide range. Consistent 100 watts for continuous work. Variable The Keil Centre, 2014 11
Allocation of Function But also need to consider: Hazards; is it safe for humans? Does it create worthwhile roles for human operators? E.g. machine minders Has the complexity / difficulty shifted elsewhere? E.g. Complexity in maintenance Human not in the loop Have all considerations been taken into account? E.g. abnormal situations and emergencies Do we expect too much of the human if the system fails? The Keil Centre, 2014 12
To Err is Human CAN T change the human condition CAN change the conditions the human works in Error prevention may not be possible Even automation can introduce errors elsewhere Maintenance, emergency situations, etc. Can improve detection of errors Through other people or automation Can improve recovery from error v1.0 0614 The Keil Centre, 2014 13
Richard Scaife BSc(tech), MSc, CPsychol, MIEHF, Eur.Erg Director Occupational Psychologist The Keil Centre Limited Richard@keilcentre.co.uk Tel +44 (0)131 229 6140 Mobile +44 (0) 7887 687730 The Keil Centre, 2014 14