Writing in APA Style with MS Word PSYC 100W: Writing Workshop Dr. Dillinger APA style Publication norms of the American Psychological Association Sections and subsections (Ch. 1) Grammar, word choice, style (Ch. 2) Spelling, punctuation, abbreviations, units of measure, etc. (Ch. 3) Citations (Ch. 3) References (Ch. 4) Page layout and formatting (Ch. 5) 1
Ch 1: Content and organization Introduction (no title) Methods Participants Materials Procedure Results Discussion Ch 2: Expressing ideas and reducing bias = Writing style Write short, simple sentences. Don t try to get fancy! Write in active voice. Write using the simple past tense. Avoid biased or offensive language Etc. 2
Ch 3: Editorial style = The gory details There are zillions of details in this chapter. Do not try to memorize them all! Rather, learn where you can check on the details when you need to and remember to double check everything when you re revising. Ch 3: Editorial style (cont.) Citations A citation is a mention of someone else s work, whether or not you quote a part of a researcher s publication. You cannot use direct quotations in 100W. author inside -style citation (the authors names are inside the parentheses) Marijuana use has significant negative effects on short-term memory (Smith, 1999; Terrence, 2000, 2001; Welsley, 2003). author outside -style citation (the authors names are outside the parentheses). Anderson (2002, p. 95) found that Use and instead of & for multiple authors for author-outside style. I have a very strong preference for the author inside style Learn the details about citing articles with multiple authors. First citation vs. later citations Two to five authors vs. six or more authors Do not use secondary sources! 3
Ch 4: Reference list Journal Article: Levie, W.H. & Lentz, R. (1982). Effects of text illusions: A review of research. Educational Communications and Technology Journal, 30, 195-232. Book chapter: Schnotz, W., Bannert, M., & Seufert, T. (2002). Toward an integrative view of text and picture comprehension: Visualization effects on the construction of mental models. In: Otero, J. & Leon, J. (Eds.), The psychology of science text comprehension (pp. 385-416). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Book: Fulton, R. & Maddock, R. (1996). Marketing to the Mind: Right Brain Strategies for Advertising and Marketing. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Notice that the first line overhangs the rest. Ch 4: Reference list (cont.) Notice that the list of references is NOT the Bibliography but References. Don t forget to put all of the references in alphabetical order by the first author s last name. Punctuation, italics, and order of information are VERY important. Caution: The author names appear differently when there is one author, when there are two to five authors, and when there are six or more. You need to know the differences! 4
Ch 5: Manuscript preparation = Layout and formatting The example paper that starts on p. 306 is very helpful. 1 in. margins on all sides Make sure that absolutely everything is double spaced, with no blank lines. Don t you dare type the header plus page number on each page! See usingword.pdf (later this lecture) Summary See IntrotoAPAstyle2007.pdf Memorize what s here; look up the rest if and when you need it 5
Using MS Word Version: Word 2003 Topics How to make a hanging indent How to make headers on each page How to make your text double spaced How to use the Grammar & Style checker Hanging indent You have to use a hanging indent to format your references. Ex: Izard, C. E., Haynes, O. M., Chisholm., G., & Baak, K. (1991). Emotional determinants of infant-mother attachment. Child Development, 62, 906-917. Lutkenhaus, P., Grossman, K., & Grossman, K. E. (1985). Infant-mother attachment at twelve months and style of interaction with a stranger at the age of three years. Child Development, 56, 1538-1542. Tracy, R. L., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1981). Maternal affectionate behavior and infant-mother attachment patterns. Child Development, 52, 1341-1343. 6
Hanging indent To make a hanging indent for your reference list in MS Word, go to Format > Paragraph See next slide Tools > Format > Paragraph 7
Headers DO NOT TYPE headers on each page To make automatic headers, go to View > Header and footer See next slide View > Header and footer 1. When you see this, type your running head in the box. 2. Click here to move your header to the right margin. 3.Don t type in the page number; click on # instead 8
To make your text double spaced, do this: 1. Select the text that you want to make double spaced 2. Choose Format/Paragraph 3. set Line Spacing to Double Grammar & Style Checking Go to Tools/Options RECHECK See next slide 9
Check Everything Cognition Questions? 10