The Journal of Physiology

The Journal of Physiology

The Journal of Physiology The Journal of Physiology is published monthly for the Physiological Society by Cambridge University Press, P.O. Box 92, London NWI 2DB and 32 East 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10022. Twelve volumes (274-285) are published in 1978, each volume being fully bound in hard covers. The 1978 annual subscription price (which includes postage) is 180.00 net (U.K. only); for subscribers elsewhere 190.00 net (US $420.00 in the U.S.A. and Canada). Individual volumes may be purchased at 19.00 (US $42.00 in U.S.A. and Canada) each, plus postage. Orders may be placed with a bookseller or directly with the publisher. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Back Volumes (paper covers only) Volumes 1-60 (1878-1925) are available from Wm Dawson and Sons Ltd., Cannon House, Folkestone, Kent, England. Volumes 61-253 (1926-1975) at 15.00 ($36.00) net each, 254-263 (1976) at 18.00 ($51.00) net each and 264-273 (1977) at 21.00 ($51.00) net each, are available from the publisher. Volumes 61-120, 180, 181, 184 and 210 were published in four parts, other volumes in three parts. Indexes An index to volumes 245-273 will be published during 1978 and will be provided free to subscribers. Cumulative indexes to the following volumes are available from the publisher: Volumes 61-100 (1947), 101-115 (1952), 116-134 (1957), 135-154 (1961), 155-175 (1965),176-199 (1969), and 200-224 (1973) at 3.00 ($9.00) net each and volumes 225-244 (published as part 3 of Vol. 253, 1975) at 5.00 ($12.00) net. The Physiological Society 1978 ii

Notice to Contributors. Two complete copies of all papers submitted for publication in the Journal of Physiology should be sent to the distributing editor: PROFESSOR S. THOMAS THE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY STOPFORD BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER MANCHESTER M13 9PT Contributors should follow the instructions in 'Suggestions to Authors' (Vol. 182, pp. 1-33) with regard to the preparation of papers, and should study carefully the format of papers in recent numbers of the Journal. Papers concerned with methods only are not acceptable, unless the methods involve new principles and are shown to be of value and interest to physiologists. Long theoretical discussions are in general unsuitable. Complete papers, however short, are acceptable and in the case of short papers deviation from the usual format may be allowed. Authors are reminded that the acceptance of papers may be prevented by their being faulty in English composition. Increasing pressure on available space makes it imperative that papers be written as concisely as possible, and authors are warned that acceptance of a paper may be influenced by the amount of space available. However, authors should avoid abbreviations unless they add materially to the intelligibility of the paper. Details under the heading 'Methods' will appear in small print unless the author particularly wishes otherwise. Papers submitted for publication should be accompanied by a declaration in the following terms: 'The attached paper entitled.has not been, and is not intended to be published anywhere except in The Journal ofphysiology, and we/i agree that, if and when it is accepted by the Editors for publication, in consideration for such acceptance the entire copyright in this paper shall pass thereupon to the Physiological Society.' Although authors should make the title of their paper as informative as possible, it should not exceed 120 letters and spaces in length. The animal species should normally appear in the title unless it is man. A short title not exceeding 45 letters and spaces should also be given for use as a page heading. When a paper is submitted by several authors in collaboration their names will be printed in alphabetical order. A footnote stating that authors' names are in alphabetical order will be printed if requested. The address from which the paper originates should be the minimal adequate postal address with post or zip code. When a paper originates from two or more laboratories, authors are asked to indicate in which of the laboratories the experiments were carried out. The date of receipt printed at the head of each paper is normally the date on which the typescript is first received by the Editors, but if a paper has to be extensively altered after submission the date may, at the discretion of the Editors, be changed to that on which an acceptable draft is received. In order to facilitate the preparation of an index for the Journal, authors are requested to let the Editors know under which three headings in the Subject Index they wish their paper to be listed. The available classifications should be ascertained from the most recent index (to Vols. 225-244). Papers describing experiments on human subjects involving procedures which are not therapeutic and carry a significant risk of harm must include a statement that the experiments were performed with the understanding and consent of each subject. In this connexion, the Editors wish to draw the attention of authors to the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) and to the Medical Research Council's pamphlet 'Responsibility in investigations on Human Subjects'. Both documents were reprinted in the issue of the British Medical Journal of 18 July 1964. Authors are particularly requested to ensure that all typewritten pages (including methods, references, figure legends, etc.) are double-spaced. It is convenient if authors can provide, as well as the illustrations and separate figure legends to be used by the printer, photocopies of two sets of figures with attached legends for the benefit of reviewers. Illustrations to be used by the printer should normally be supplied about twice the size they will appear when printed. High quality original drawings or photographic copies are acceptable. All illustrations will be lettered by the printer. In an exceptional case the Editors may iii

be prepared to accept a coloured illustration if they consider it to be necessary for conveying the scientific content of a paper. At least half of the cost of reproduction will be charged to the author. Authors must verify that the wording of references to unpublished work, and of acknowledgements of help or criticism, is approved by the persons concerned. The Editors cannot accept responsibility for damage to or loss of papers submitted to them. Contributors are advised to keep copies of the typescripts and illustrations. Proofs should be corrected and returned promptly. Unless otherwise directed, proofs are sent to the author whose name is first alphabetically, at the address from which the paper originates. If the author(s) wish the proofs to be sent to any other person, or to any other address, instructions should be given. Authors are provided with 50 offprints free of charge. Further offprints can be supplied if ordered and paid for at the same time as proofs are returned. All queries with regard to the printing of papers which have been accepted for publication should be addressed to: DR J. G. ROBSON (Secretary of the Editorial Board), The Journal ofphysiology, Physiological Laboratory, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of papers published in The Journal ofphysiology should be addressed to the Secretary of the Editorial Board as above. The Editorial Board will normally grant all requests from authors to reproduce material from their own papers. Permission will not generally be given to third parties except with the consent of the authors concerned. iv

PUBLISHED BY THE SYNDICS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB 32 East 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10022 The Physiological Society 1978 JPHYA 7 280 1-572 (1978) ISSN 0022 3751 Printed in Great Britain at the Unit'eraity Press, Cambridge