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() This manual is published by the UNVAC. Divisin in lse leaf frmat as a rapid and cmplete means f keeping recipients apprised f UNVAC Systems develpments. The UNVAC Divisin will issue updating packages, utilizing primarily a page-fr-page r unit replacement technique. Such issuance will prvide ntificatin f hardware and/r sftware changes and refinements. The UNVAC Divisin reserves the right t make such additins, crrectins, and/r deletins as, in the judgment f the UNVAC Divisin, are required by the develpment f its respective Systems. REGSTERED TRADEMARK OF THE SPERRY RAND CORPORATON ~~~~~-~.~~~~~~-~-----~-------~~~-
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS Cntents 1 SECTON. PAGE. CONTENTS C C CONTENTS 1. NTRODUCTON 1.1. SCOPE 1.2. GENERAL DESCRPTON 1.2.1. Cntrl Functin 1.2.2. Arithmetic Functin 1.2.3. Strage Functin 1.3. NFORMATON REPRESENTATON 1.3.1. Type f Ntatin 1.4. DATA AND NSTRUCTON FORMATS 1.4.1. General Descriptin 1.4.2. General nstructin Frm at 1.5. STORAGE 1.5.1. General 1.5.2. Tetrads 1.5.3. Fixed nterrupt Lcatins 1.5.4. Addressing 2. CODNG N ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 2.1. CODNG FORM 2.1.1. Prgram D 2.1.2. Sequence 2.1.3. Label 2.1.4. Operatin 2.1.5. Operands 2.1.6. Cmments 2.2. SYMBOLS AND CONVENTONS 2.3. DATA GENERATON 2.4. PAL JR ASSEMBLY SYSTEM 1 t 3 1-1 t 1-13 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-13 2-1 t 2-11 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-9 2-11
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS Cntents 2 SECTON: PAGE: 3. NSTRUCTON REPERTORE 3.1. TETRAD NSTRUCTONS 3.1.1. Bring t Tetrad 3.1.2. St re T etr ad 3.1.3. Add t Tetrad 3.1.4. Cmpare Tetrad 3.1.5. Fix Tetrad 3.2. DATA TRANSFER NSTRUCTONS 3.2.1. Bring Decimal 3.2.2. Bring Alphanumeric 3.2.3. Stre Arithmetic Register 3.2.4. Stre Bth Arithmetic Registers 3.2.5. Stre Character 3.2.6. Transfer Blck frm Stre 3.2.7. Transfer Blck t Stre 3.3. ARTHMETC NSTRUCTONS 3.3.1. Add Decimal 3.3.2. Subtract Decimal 3.3.3. Add t Memry 3.3.4. Subtract frm Memry 3.3.5. Multiply Nncumulative 3.3.6. Multiply Cumulative 3.3.7. Divide 3.3.8. Add Binary 3.3.9. Subtract Binary 3.3.10. Add Ch aracter 3.4. COMPARSON NSTRUCTONS 3.4.1. Cmpare Decimal 3.4.2. Cmpare Binary 3.4.3. Cmpare Character 3.4.4. Lgi cal Cmpare 3.5. SEQUENCE CONTROL NSTRUCTONS 3.5.1. Jump 3.5.2. Jump if Greater 3.5.3. Jump if Equal 3.5.4. Jump if Unequal 3.5.5. Jump if Smaller 3.5.6. Halt then Jump 3.5.7. Jump Display 3.5.8. Jump Cnditinal 3.5.9. Jump Return 3.5.10. Jump Lp 3.6. EDTNG NSTRUCTONS 3.6.1. Transl ate 3.6.2. Edit 3.6.3. Zer Suppress 3.6.4. Pad Blanks 3.6.5. Pad Zers 3.6.6. Lgical Sum 3.6.7. Lgical Prduct 3.6.8. Bit Shift 3.6.9. Bit Circulate 3-1 t 3-73 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-12 3-14 3-16 3-17 3-17 3-18 3-20 3-22 3-24 3-26 3-28 3-29 3-31 3-32 3-34 3-36 3-38 3-39 3-40 3-42 3-44 3-46 3-47 3-48 3-50 3-51 3-51 3-51 3-51 3-51 3-53 3-53 3-54 3-56 3-59 3-60 3-61 3-63 3-66 3-68 3-68 /~ "-=' /~,,~ 3-69 l~ '1', 3-70 \..J 3-71 3-72 [~
.~~~~~~~~~...-... ~~-.. "-"~ UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: Cntents PAGE: 3 c 4. AUTOMATC PROGRAM NTERRUPT 4-1 t 4-5 4.1. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.2.3. 4.2.4. GENERAL DESCRPTON PROGRAMMNG CONSDERATONS Classes f nterrupt Prgrammed nterrupt nhibit nstructins Assciated with nterrupt Cntrl Fixed nterrupt Lcatins 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-3 4-3 4-3 5. CENTRAL PROCESSOR CONSOLE OPERATON 5-1 t 5-12 5.1. NORMAL OPERATON 5.1.1. Start Up and Shut Dwn 5.1.2. Prgram Start and Prgram Stp 5.1.3. Operating Mde 5.2. PANEL CONTROLS AND NDCATORS 5.3. 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.3.3. PROGRAM DEBUGGNG AND TESTNG Use f Display Lights and Switches Errr ndicatrs Sense Switches and Operatr Request 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-7 5-7 5-10 5-11 APPENDX c A. Octal - Decimal Cnversin Table 1 t 4 TABLES AND FGURES TABLES 1-1 UNVAC 1050 Character Set 1-6 1-2 Tetrad Lcatin Chart 1-11 3-1 Suggested Standard Equal ity Statements 3-2 3-2 nstructin Reperti re 3-3 3-3a Mnemnic Operatins, Ordered by Operatin Cde 3-5 3-3b Mnemnic Operatins, Ordered Alphabetically 3-5 3-4 nstructin Executin Times 3-73 4-1 ndicatr List 4-4 5-1 Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptins 5-2 FGURES C 1-1 Layut f The First Six Rws f Stre 1-10 2-1 PAL Assembler Cding Frm 2-2 2-2 PAL SO-Clumn Surce Card 2-3 2-3 PAL 90-Clumn Surce Card 2-3 3-1 Layut f Fi rst Si x Rws f Stre 3-4 5-1 Central Prcessr Cnsle 5-12
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UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 1 PAGE. 1 1. NTRODUCTON 1.1. SCOPE The primary purpse f this manual is t prvide the basic knwledge necessary fr prgramming the UNVAC 1050 Central Prcessr, and serve as a reference fr the prgrammer. Backgrund infrmatin is prvided n the internal peratin f the Central Prcessr and the different types f infrmatin representatin, as well as infrmatin n data and instructin frmats, specialized areas f strage (registers, /O cntrl tetrads, etc.), cding, the instructin repertire, and autmatic prgram interrupt. A secnd purpse f this manual is t describe the Central Prcessr Cnsle and its peratin, and serve as a reference fr the peratr. A detailed descriptin f all the cnsle cntrls and indicatrs is prvided alng with a descriptin f their use t cmmunicate with the prgram and cntrl varius nrmal and abnrmal cnditins. 1.2. GENERAL DESCRPTON The Central Prcessr is the cntrl center f the UNVAC 1050 System. t cntains the circuitry fr lgic and arithmetic peratins, the cre strage and the pwer supply. The Central Prcessr perfrms three main functins: 1.2.1. Cntrl Functin Cntrl Strage Arithmetic Cmputatin The cntrl circuitry f the Central Prcessr accesses and executes instructins frm strage. t als maintains cntrl ver the peratin f all peripheral devices. External cntrl is facilitated by the lights and buttns n the Central Prcessr Cnsle. 1.2.2. Arithmetic Functin The arithmetic functin instructins emply the arithmetic registers t perfrm binary and decimal additin and subtractin, as well as decimal multiplicatin and divisin. Overflw is indicated and decimal sign cntrl is prvided. 1.2.3. Strage Functin The strage functin f the UNVAC 1050 Central Prcessr is prvided by ne t eight mdules f cre strage, each cntaining 4096 characters. 1.3. NFORMATON REPRESENTATON* 1.3.1. Type f Ntatin c Digital cmputers emply a system f ntatin called the binary system. Unlike the decimal system which uses ten symbls (0 thrugh 9) and is based n a radix (rt) f 10, the binary system emplys nly tw symbls (0 and 1) and is based n a radix f 2. * The reader familiar with numbering systems may wish t skip t Sectin 1.4. DATA AND NSTRUCTON FORMATS.
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS SECTON. 1 2 PAGE: The tw symbls f the binary system represent the tw pssible states f an infrmatin cnveying electrnic device. The 1 symbl indicates a registered pulse while the 0 symbl indicates a n pulse registratin. nfrmatin is represented in the cmputer by pulse-n-pulse cmbinatins with a specific pattern fr each alphabetic, numeric, and special character. /'" '~' 1.3.1.1. Decimal and Binary Numbering systems are based n psitinal ntatin. That is, each digit in a quantity is weighted with a specific value. The value f a digit is determined by its psitin within the quantity and the radix f the numbering system. Fr example, using decimal ntatin, the number seven thusand fur hundred sixty nine wuld be represented as 7469 which is equi valen t t Nte that each digit, frm right t left, is cnsidered t be multiplied by a successively higher pwer f 10. The binary system is als based n a system f psitinal ntatin, but, as was stated previusly, it uses a radix f 2 and emplys nly tw symbls t represent quantities. Fr example, the number nine expressed in pure binary wuld be which is equivalent t 1001 Nte that each binary digit (bit), frm right t left, is multiplied by successively higher pwers f 2. 1.3.1.2. Fixed Length Ntatin nstead f specifying infrmatin with a variable series f binary digits (the length f the series dependent upn the quantity t be specified) representing successively higher pwers f 2, a system f ntatin is used that specifies infrmatin by smaller, fixed length grupings f binary digits. Each gruping, fixed in frmat as well as length, is used t represent a digit, an alphabetic character, r a special symbl. Assuming a system f ntatin that emplys a fixed length frmat, a single digit wuld be represented by a single grup f bits, a tw digit plynmial by tw bit grupings, a three digit plynmial by three bit-grupings, and s frth. Fr example, in pure binary the number 27 wuld be which is equivalent t 11011
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 1 SECTON: PAGE: 3 c Hwever, by emplying a fixed frmat f 4 bit ntatin, knwn as binary cded decimal, the number 27 wuld be represented as 0010 0111 2 7 and similarly, the num ber 369 as 0011 0110 1001 3 6 9 Nte that within each 4 bit gruping, the bit psitins are weighted with a value f 8, 4, 2, and 1 r 2 3, 22, 21, and 2. The decimal digits 0 thrugh 9 then are represented in the fllwing manner: DECMAL BNARY 4 BT NOTATON c 0 0000 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 With 4 bit psitinal ntatin, nly 16 unique permutatins can be created. This is bviusly insufficient t specify all numeric, alphabetic, and special characters generally emplyed in a cmputing system. By adding tw mre bit psitins and using them as a qualifying factr t a 4 bit cmbinatin, a ttal f 64 unique permutatins can be represented. The fur bit psitins n the right are called the numeric prtin. Tw additinal psitins n the left, which represent n actual numeric quantity, are called the zne prtin. Qualificatin f a numeric quantity is unnecessary, therefre, the zne prtin is always 00. When representing alphabetic characters r special symbls, hwever, a 1 bit is entered in either r bth zne psitins. The letters A thrugh, therefre, may be represented with the numeric prtin specifying a value frm 1 t 9 (0001 t 1001) and the zne prtin cntaining a 01 qualifier; the letters J thrugh R with the same numeric specificatins but with a zne qualificatin f 10; and finally, the letters S thrugh Z with a numeric specificatin f frm 2 t 9 and a zne qualificatin f 11. S, fr example, the letters A, J, and S wuld be represented as ZONE NUMERC CHARACTER 01 10 11 0001 0001 0010 A J 5
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 1 4 -------~----------------------------------~--------~~~----~~------ PAGE. This is nt the same as UNVAC 1050 cde hwever. The zne and numeric specificatins fr special symbls such as the cmma, apstrphe, asterisk, and s frth are dependent upn cmputer design. That is, cmputers are wired t accept a unique bit cmbinatin fr a particular special symbl. Since there is n natural sequence relatinship between special symbls, as with numerics r alphabetics, the bit cnfiguratin fr special symbls must be arbitrary. The sequence fr UNVAC 1050 special symbls is shwn in Table 1-1. 1.3.1.3. Excess Three (XS 3) Excess three (XS 3) is a methd f ntatin that is used by the UNVAC 1050 System. t establishes sme measure f cmpatibility with the data frmats f the ther UNVAC Cmputing Systems. The zne psitin is specified in the standard manner previusly described fr fixed length binary cded decimal ntatin. The difference exists in the numeric prtin where each binary specificatin is a value that is three greater than its decimal equivalent. Fr example, the number 8 is represented in XS 3 as ZONE NUMERC 00 101 1 Nte that the numeric prtin, weighted with psitinal values f 8, 4, 2, and 1 frm left t right, is actually equal t 11. Similarly, the number 6 is represented as ZONE NUMERC 00 1001 Here the numeric prtin is specified as 9 r three greater than the decimal digit it represents. There are several reasns fr utilizing this methd f ntatin in certain UNVAC Systems; sme f these reasns are t allws three quantities t test less than. O. t facilitates cmplementatin. t permits the carry t ccur as in decimal ntatin. An invlved discussin f these and ther reasns fr the utilizatin f XS 3 ntatin is beynd the scpe f this manual. t is sufficient that the prgrammer is aware f the basic frmat and that this prvides in the UNVAC 1050 Cmputer a factr f data cmpatibility with ther UNVAC Systems. Table 1-1 gives a listing f the XS 3 cde cnfiguratins fr all the alphabetic, numeric, and special characters utilized in the UNVAC 1050 System. {-", \.~J'
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 1 PAC;E: 5 1.3.1.4. Parity A parity check is used by the cmputer t ensure that accurate transmissin f data ccurs. The parity psitin is an extra bit psitin added t ensure that there will always be an dd number f 1 bits in any character representatin. n this way, if a bit is either drpped r added in transmissin, the dd parity check will indicate an imprper registratin. Fr example, the alphabetic S cntains an even number f 1 bits: ZONE NUMERC 11 0101 T pass the dd parity check, a 1 bit is added t the parity psitin, thereby creating an dd number f 1 bits in the representatin: PARTY ZONE NUME RC 11 0101 f the number f 1 bits in the cnfiguratin is already dd, the parity psitin will be O. 1.3.1.5. Octal Numbers and Cmplements Octal ntatin is used in surce language and prgram testi~g diagnstic printuts. The ctal r base 8, number system expresses values as multiples f pwers f 8. Octal ntatin is a fixed length system f binary ntatin. The binary number is interpreted ctauy by gruping the bits int bytes f three, starting frm the right, and interpreting each byte int its ctal equivalent. W.ithin each byte the bit psitins are weighted with the value f 4,2, and 1, r 22, 2', and 2. f, after gruping the bits in the fashin described, the mst significant byte cntains less than three bits, as many binary zers are implied t the left as are required t bring the number f bits in that grup t three. Fr example, the binllry number 10011101101 is interpreted ctally as fllws: (0) 10 011 101 101 2 3 5 5 An ctal number such as the ne derived frm the binary number described is nted with the subscript 8 fllwing it, e.g., 2355 8, t distinguish it frm the decimal number 2355,0, n the PAL assembly language emplyed in prgramming the UNVAC 1050 System, hwever, an ctal number is nted by preceding it with a zer; thus, 02355 means 2355 8, while 2355 means 2355,0,
... UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 1 6 PAGE: HGH-SPEED PRNTER CARD CODES BNARY CODE CHARACTER 80 90 (Machine Cllatin! COLUMN COLUMN Sequence) STANDARD OPTONAL OCTAL Space NO PUNCH NO PUNCH 000000 (Nn-Printing) 00 11-5-8 1-3-5-7 000001 ] 01 - (minus r 11 0-3-5-7 000010 hyphen) 02 0 0 000011 0 03 1 1 000100 1 04 2 1-9 000101 2 05 3 3 000110 3 06 4 3-9 000111 4 07 5 5 001000 5 10 6 5-9 001001 6 11 7 7 001010 7 12 8 7-9 001011 8 13 9 9 001100 9 14 0-6-8 0-1-3-7-9 001101 "- 15 11-6-8 1-3-5-7-9 001110 ; 16 12-5-8-0-5-7-9 001111 [ 17 12 0-1-3-5-7 010000 + & 20 5-8 1-3-7-9 010001 : (cln) 21 12-3-8 1-3-5-9 010010 _ (perid) 22 12-0 0-1-3 010011? 23 12-1 1-5-9 010100 A 24 12-2 1-5 010101 B 25 12-3 0-7 010110 C 26 12-4 0-3-5 010111 D 27 12-5 0-3 011000 E 30 12-6 1-7-9 011001 F 31 12-7 5-7 011010 G 32 12-8 3-7 011011 H 33 12-9 3-5 011100 34 3-8 0-1-5-7 011101 - # 35 12-6-8 0-1-5-9 011110 < 36 12-7-8 0-1-3-5-7-9 011111 # =- 37 7-8 0-1-5-7-9 100000 @ (apstrphe) 40 11-4-8 0-1 100001 * 41 11-3-8 0-1-3-5-9 100010 $ 42 11-0 0-3-7-9 100011! 43 11-1 1-3-5 100100 J 44 11-2 3-5-9 100101 K 45 11-3 0-9 100110 L 46 11-4 0-5 100111 M 47 11-5 0-5-9 101000 N 50 11-6 1-3 101001 0 51 11-7 1-3-7 101010 P 52 11-8 3-5-7 101011 Q 53 11-9 1-7 101100 R 54 0-5-8 0-1-9 101101 % ( 55 4-8 0-1-3-7 101110 ' (apstrphe) @ 56 11-7-8 0-1-7 101111 f:, 57 0-2-8 0-1-7-9 110000 60 0-4-8 0-1-5 110001 ( % 61 0-3-8 0-3-5-9 110010,(cmma) 62 2-8 1-5-7-9 110011 & + 63 0-1 3-5-7-9 110100 J 64 0-2 1-5-7 110101 S 65 0-3 3-7-9 110110 T 66 0-4 0-5-7 110111 U 67 0-5 0-3-9 111000 V 70 0-6 0-3-7 111001 W 71 0-7 0-7-9 111010 X 72 0-8 1-3-9 111011 y 73 0-9 5-7-9 111100 Z 74 12-4-8 0-1-3-9 111101 ) ):l 75 6-8 0-3-5-7-9 111110 > 76 0-7-8 0-1-3-5 111111 ):l ) 77 *NOTE: Only the characters that differ frm the standard are listed fr the ptinal print drum. *" NUMBER 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Table 1.1. UNVAC 1050 Character Set.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 1 SECTON. 7 c..,. j The binary number 10011101101 is the sum f 1 x 2'0 1024 x 2 9 0 0 x 2 8 0 x 27 128 x 2 6 64 x 2 5 32 0 x 24 0 x 2 3 8 x 22 4 0 x 2' 0 x 2 0 1261 Therefre, 2355 8 = 1261,. Appendix A prvides a tw-way ctal t decimal and decimal t ctal cnversin table. Fr the cnvenience f the prgrammer wh wishes t d his wn cnversins, the fllwing paragraphs present an ctal t decimal and a decimal t ctal cnversin prcedure. T cnvert an ctal representatin t its decimal equivalent, multiply the mst significant digit by 8, and add the next mst significant digit t the prduct. Multiply this sum by 8 and add the third mst significant digit t the prduct. Repeat the multiplicatin and additin prcess until the least significant digit has been added, whereupn this final sum will be the decimal equivalent f the ctal number. The fllwing example illustrates hw this methd cnverts 2355 8 int its decimal equivalent: 2x8=16 + 3 19x8=152 + 5 157x8=1256 + 5 1261 T cnvert a decimal number int its ctal equivalent, divide 8 int the number and recrd the remainder (0 thrugh 7) as the last significant digit f the ctal equivalent. Divide 8 int the qutient, and recrd the remainder as the next least significant digit. Repeat the divisin f the qutient recrding the remainder until a qutient less than eight is realized, whereupn the final qutient is the mst significant digit f the ctal equivalent and the final remainder is the next mst significant digit f the ctal equivalent.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 1 SECTON: PAGE: 8 The fllwing example illustrates hw this methd cnverts 1261'0 int its ctal equivalent: REMANDER 0.. 2 B~.. 3 B~.. 5 Brt3f... 5 B) 1261 N signs are invlved in binary peratins in the UNVAC 1050 System; hwever, negative binary values - r, effectively, their equivalent - can be develped and represented within the cmputer. These negative binary values are represented as the tw's cmplement f the binary representatin f the abslute value f the numbers. The tw's cmplement is frmed by adding 1 t the ne's cmplement f the value, ignring any carry beynd the mst significant bit psitin; and the ne's cmplement, in turn, is frmed by cnverting every 1 bit in the binary representatin t 0, and cnverting every 0 bit t 1. Fr example, the binary representatin f +1261'0 is 010011101101 the ne's cmplement f this binary number is 101100010010 and the tw's cmplement f the number is 101100010010 + 1 101100010011 = 5423 8 Whenever the binary integer 101100010011 is emplyed as an perand in a binary add r subtract peratin, the effective value f this perand is -1261,0',,<' ""'\ \~~)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON, 1 PAGE. 9 c 1.4. DATA AND NSTRUCTON FORMATS 1.4.1. General Descriptin nstructins are cntained in strage. They are always five characters in length whereas data fie~ds may be any number f characters in length. nstructins are executed in sequence except where a prgrammed instructin initiates a break in the sequence. The arithmetic unit f the Central Prcessr perfrms the calculatins and data manipulatin called fr by the instructins. t cntains an adder fr decimal and binary arithmetic peratins, and additinal circuitry which prvides a wide range f data handling abilities. The cntrl unit f the Central Prcessr selects, interprets, and initiates the executin f instructins in the stred prgrams which gvern the peratin f the system. 1.4.2. General nstructin Frmat OBTS 1st CHARACTER 2nd CHARACTER l 3rd CHARACTER 4th CHARACTER 5th CHARACTER i OPERATON t:l DEX vi w STORAGE ADDRESS DETAL CODE REGSTER t: 30 26 2S 23 22 21 i 7 6 1 BT POSTONS NAME 30-26 OP ERATON CODE The peratin cde specifies the functin which the Central Prcessr is t execute. 25-23 NDEX REGSTER The index register mdifies the ddress specified in the instructin. 22 RESERVED This bit is reserved. 21-7 STORAGE ADDRESS This is the (M) prtin f the instructin. t specifies the stre address f the perand. f an perand is greater than ne character in length, (M) refers t the least significant character f the perand (rightmst). There are tw exceptins: Zer Suppress and Blck Transfer instructins in which (M) specifies the mst significant character f the perand. c:' 6-1 DETAL FELD Depending n the instructin, the detail field may specify perand length, tetrad number, a cmparisn indicatr, an arithmetic register, r number f bits.
--~---- ---~--------.--.------~--- llp-3912 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 1 PAGE: 10 1.5. STORAGE 1.5.1. General The basic unit f strage in the UNVAC 1050 stre is the character which cnsists f six infrmatin bits and ne parity bit. The parity bit is f n cncern t the prgrammer. t is used nly by the circuitry and is nt accessible t him. The UNVAC 1050 Central Prcessr may have frm 1 t 8 sectins f strage, each sectin cmprisi ng 4096 character psitins r lcatins. Each psitin has its wn address and each psitin is directly addressable. Each sectin f main stre is divided int rws. There are 64 rws in each sectin. A rw cnsists f 64 cnsecutive characters. The address f the mst significant character (leftmst) is either zer r sme integral multiple f 64. Prgram instructins and data are cntained in strage. Each instructin ccupies five cnsecutive lcatins. Data fields are variable in length. The sign, if any, f a data field is in the mst significant bit f the least significant character. The first six rws f strage, prtins f which perfrm unique functins, are illustrated in Figure 1-1. ROW CHAR., ROW CHAR. ROW 2 CHAR. ROW J CHAR., ROW _Reserved " ZERDCDUNT 'e L~EADVANCECOUNT 'r RO' COUNT pul1r.l> 'b TRA.NSLATON TABLE ADDRESS 'f COLUMN COUNT FOR COLUMN READER ' RDVCQUNTpr""readl' *c BLDCKTRA.NSFERCOUNT 'g HOlF COU'H,pst-punch read a~ punchl' 'k "ROW COUNT FOR ROW READER CfARACTER COUNT 'h HOLE COUNT 'wait and p,e punchl, '1(2 PARTYODQLDCATQr ~d' 'Kl PARTY EVEN LOCATON,USED ONLY BY CONTROL UNTS Figure 1-1. Layut f First Six Rws f Stre.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 1 PAGE: 11 c 1.5.2. Tetrads The first fur rws f strage in the UNVAC 1050 System are subdivided int 64 fields f fur characters each and are called tetrads. Tetrads are addressable either by tetrad number r the actual strage lcatin. The methd f addressing tetrads is dependent upn the instructin being used. Certain tetrads are designed fr specific functins. A descriptin f what these tetrads d is given in the fllwing table. TETRADS LOCATONS PURPOSE 0-3 0-15 *Arithmetic Register 1 (ARl) 4-7 16-31 *Arithmetic Register 2 (AR2) 8 32,33 Character bit sum strage. 9-15 36-63 *ndex Registers 1-7 16 64-67 Destinatin address fr Blck Transfer 17 68-71 Origin address fr Blck Transfer 18 72 Address f table fr trans latin 18 73 Cunt f zers suppressed after Zer Suppress. 18 74,75 Cntrls number f characters in Blck Transfer 19 77-79 Cntrl Cunter Strage 20-21 80-87 Multiplier - Qutient 22-31 88-127 Unassigned 32-35 128-143 Printer /O, Channel 0 36-39 144-159 Reader /O, Channell 40-43 160-175 Punch /O, Channel 2 44-47 176-191 Cmmunicatins /O, Channel.3 48-51 192-207 Tape Read, Channe 4 52-55 208-223 Tape Write, Channel 5 56-59 224-239 FASTRAND /O, Channel 6 60-63 240-255 Channel 7, available fr expansin * The arithmetic registers and index reqisters can be addressed in three different ways: as arithmetic r index re,isters, 8S tetrads, and as stre lcatins. Table 1-2. Tetrad Lcatin Chart 1.5.2.1. Arithmetic Registers Tetrads 0 thrugh 7 functin as arithmetic registers. Arithmetic Register 1 (AR 1) cmprises tetrads 0 thrugh 3 (stre lcatins 16 thrugh 31). The arithmetic registers are addressed either by AR 1 r AR 2, tetrad number, r actual strage lcatin.
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 1 PAGEl 12 1.5.2.2. ndex Registers ( Tetrads 9 thrugh 15 functin as index registers 1 thrugh 7. Since nly tre 15 least significant bits (cntained in the three least significant characters) f each index register are used in an indexed peratin, the mst significant character f each index register tetrad is available t be used fr ther purpses. There are n signs in the index registers. The value in the index register is treated as an abslute binary value in an indexed peratin. Negative indexing may be accmplished by placing the tw's cmplement f the decrement number in the index register. The index registers may be addressed by index register number, tetrad number, r actual strage lcatin number. 1.5.2.3. nput/output Cntrl Tetrads A fixed strage area cnsisting f fur cnsecutive tetrads is assciated with each input/utput channel. nfrmatin placed in this area cntrls the peratin f the peripheral device. The input/utput cntrl tetrads, that are lcated in strage rws tw and three, are shwn in Figure 1-1. 1.5.3. Fixed nterrupt Lcatins Stre lcatins 256 thrugh 335 are fixed lcatins assciated with the interrupt circuitry f the system. These eighty lcatins are divided int ten grups f eight cnsecutive characters each, which are knwn as interrupt entries. These interrupt entries are assigned as fllws: OCTAL DECMAL NTERRUPT ENTRY ASSGNMENTS 0400-0407 256-263 Channel 0: Printer 0410-0417 264-271 Channel 1 : Reader 0420-0427 272-279 Channel 2 : Card Punch Unit 0430-0437 280-287 Channel 3 : Cmmunicatins 0440-0447 288-295 Channel 4: Magnetic Tape Read 0450-0457 296-303 Channel 5: Magnetic Tape Write 0460-0467 304-311 Channel 6 : Mass Strage 0470-0477 312-319 Channel 7 : Unassigned 0500-0507 320-327 Class nterrupt Entry 0510-0517 328-335 Class nterrupt Entry The frmat f these interrupt entries, and their functins, are discussed fully in the sectin n Autmatic Prgram nterrupt (Sectin 4).
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 1 ""cae: 13 C 1.5.4. Addressing nstructins and data in strage are accessed by ther instructins thrugh the 15 bit memry address designated the M prtin f the instructin. Whenever an instructin references a multicharacter field, the M prtin usually designates the address f the rightmst r least significant character. (The exceptins will be explained in the descriptin f the instructins invlved.) C. "'.".
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 2 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 1 2. CODNG N ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 2.1. CODNG FORM Mst prgrams fr a UNVAC 1050 System with 8192 character strage r larger are written in the language f the PAL Assembly System. Prgrams fr a system with 4096 character strage are written in PAL Jr. See Sectin 2.4. The PAL assembler is a UNVAC 1050 prgram which accepts mnemnic and symblic input, a frm meaningful t the prgrammer, and generates instructins in abslute binary frm, the nly frm meaningful t the cmputer. Any actin based n attempts t emply instructin frms nt described in this reference manual deviates frm UNVAC recmmendatins and must be the user's respnsibility. Figure 2-1 shws the symblic cding frm fr the UNVAC 1050 Pal Assembly System. c) n the descriptin f this frm, which fllws, certain terms are used with specific definitins: Alphabetic Numeric Alphanumeric character means a character f the English alphabet set (A thrugh Z). character means a character f the Arabic numeral set (0 thrugh 9). character means an alphabetic character, a numeric character, r a special symbl. The symblic cding frmat is cmpsed f fixed frmat fields fr prgram identificatin, page, line, insert, label, peratin, and variable frmat fields fr perands and cmments. t will be nted that numbers are assciated with each subdivisin f the cding frm. These indicate the card clumns int which the characters written by the prgrammer are t be punched. These clumn numbers hld true fr bth 80 and 90 clumn cards. The 80 clumn surce card is shwn in Figure 2-2; the 90 clumn surce card, in Figure 2-3 n 90 clumn systems, clumns 81 thrugh 90 are als available t the Prgram-D field, but their cntents will nt be printed n the utput listing; their use, therefre, is nt recmmended. 2.1.1. Prgram-D The prgram name is written in this field. t is cmpsed f frm ne t six alphanumeric characters, and is written starting at clumn 75. An example f an entry in this field is PROGRAM-D 75 80 P,A, Y 0 1
U PAGE UNVAC "'%"""'-"'1-' PAL ASSEMBLER CODNG FORM PROGRAM PROGRAMMER DATE PROGRAM D 75 80 PAGE OF PAGES Fr BEGN nl SEQUENCE LABEL ~ OPERATON OPERANDS COMMENTS, ~ PROGRAM.D..! < 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 50 60 70 75 80 9G { AGE3 kin! ;;, /', 'i' ; ".'.,,,' '~"'\! " ;.,'; ;'.,.' >, :,"~ :,. i ; J,.L, 1 J.L,,,-, ::tic::: Cb "0.w < ' \0... tv n c m~ 2~... D@ )10 ~~ -a~ D~ am n m en en 1ft n ::! z a D tv,, t L : 1,1 1 UD1 802 13/1256 125M 7/65 (80 90 COLUMN FORM) -'" Figure 2-1. PAL A. -embler Cding Frm 'U ~ 51 tv
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 2 PECT'ON. PAGE. 3 (.~ / PAGE LNE LABEL OPER. OPERANDS PROGRA R T : COMMENTS DENT. 000 00 000000 0000000 ~ 0 0 000000, 2 3 4,. "'", '3 14 15 111111 11202'22 22 24 25 2121212130 3111 33 34 35.31 4114142 43 44.:. 41 115152 53 54l1li11151111111011121314 611111111 n 1114 7111 n ll..' 1 1 1 11 111111 1111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 111111 222 22 222222 2222222 222222222222222222222222222:222222222222222222222222 2 2 2 22 222222 333 33 333333 3333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 3 3 313 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 333333 444 44 444444 4444444 44444444444444444444 44 4 44 4 4:4 44 4 4 4 44 44 4 4 4 44 4 4444 4 4 4 444 4 44 444444 555 55 555555 5555555 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55 55 5 5 5 555 5 5 5:5 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 55 5 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55 5 55 555555 86& && &&&&86 1868686 6 666 66 666 & 6 &&&&&&&&&&&& 6 && 6:6 & 6 &&&&&& 66 & 1 6661666 6666 66 666 866666 711 71 717171 1777777 11111111111111 711 71 7 7111 7 7 111111 7 7 111 7 711111111 7111111 7 71 177771 888 88 888888 8888888 888888888888888888888888888:888888888888888888888888 8 8 8 88 888888 999 99 999999 9999999 999999999999999999999999999:999999999999999999999999 999 99 999999 t 2 S 4 5,'8,1111 12111411111111 1120~222224252121D2520~333425.31 4~424344.~61 30~525354111115111.15Z34.161Ul1llln 1114 1518 n 1111., Figure 2-2. PAL 80-Clumn Surce Crd. PAGE LNE LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 1\ E, R ii-1z-12- i-i i2 1i-G-1z-i"2--ii -- ii-1z-g-2"-i"z--'z z-lzlz-1;-'z-li-'z-lz-i"2z-i"i-'z-li-g-2"-';-'z-'i-'z-li-'z-lz-'212"-';-'z-lz 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 34 3<1 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. ~. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 34 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3+ 3. 3+ 3. 3. 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 23,. s,. 21" 28 30 31 32 3. 35 3. 37 38 3. 40 41., 43 1, 3 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 S 1. 17 18 " 20 21 ",. PROGRAM OPERANDS / COMMENTS DENTFCA non -------------------------------------------------------------------- '2 ----- 12-';-'Z-'2-'212 ------------------------- '2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 '2 12 '2 12 12 12 12 34 34 3+ 3. 3+ 3. 3. 34 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 34 3. 34 3. 3. 3. ".. " 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9.....7 '0 51 52 53 54,. 56.7 58.,.. 60 62 53 54 '7.... 70 71 72 73 74 75 7. 77 78 7. 80 81 8' 83 8. 8' 8. 87 88 8' '0 2.1.2. Sequence Figure 2-3 PAL 90-Clumn Surce Crd. This field is a six character numeric field cmpsed f a three digit page field, a tw digit line field, and a ne digit insert field. There may be a page field entry and a line field entry n each card. While prcessing input lines, the assem ber perfrms a sequence check n this field t make sure that page and line entries are in ascending sequence. An ut f sequence line is flagged n the utput listing as an "s" errr.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 2 SECTON. PAGE. 4 The insert field is prvided t permit the insertin f additinal cding lines when crrecting a surce prgram. The insert field entry cnsists f ne numeric digit. This field is used when a line f cding is t be inserted n a particular page fllwing a particular line. T insert a line f cding between lines 23 and 24 f page 10, the cding used culd be SEQUENCE \,PAGE 3 4 LlN,l= 5 6 ':S 7 0,1 2 3 7 i There is ne restrictin n the digit used fr NS. f mre than ne instructin is t fllw a particular page and line, each insertin line must have a sequentially higher NS number than any preceding it. f inserts are made, the cards punched frm the insert lines must be physically placed in their prper places in the surce deck, prir t assembly. 2.1.3. Label A label is an alphanumeric symbl assciated with the line n which it appears. t cnsists f five characters r less, the first character f which must be an alphabetic character ther than the letter X. A label must begin in clumn 7,and is terminated either by clumn 12 r by the first blank appearing in the field. The entire field may be blank. (Clumn 12 can be used nly by a six character label, if any, f the assembler directive BEGN r by a cmments line. Otherwise it is always left blank.) The label f an instructin line names the leftmst character f the instructin, while the label f a data field r a cnstant names the rightmst character f the field r cnstant. Sme examples f labels are "... E LABEL 0 ~T j 7 11 13 S T A R T ",; G 1 2 1"1':, EN DR N ~1,~ ) - - :,'.:,(-, \~j
... -.-.-.-.-.~-~-... UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 2 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON, PAGE, 5 c f clumn 7 cntains a perid, the entire line is a cmment. t prduces n cding, but the line is printed n the utput listing. OPERANDS 30 2.1.4. Operatin The peratin field is a six character field beginning in clumn 13. This field may nt be blank. The field usually cntains a mnemnic peratin cde, which the assembler cnverts int a five bit peratin cde. The peratin field may als cntain an assembler directive r a data generating cde. An entry in this field must begin in clumn 13 and is terminated by the first blank appearing in the field r by the end f the field. The fllwing are examples f peratin field entries: (), t E LABEL ~ 6 7., OPERATON OPERANDS :~ 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!~ <,; B A 1 J 1 1 1 ~~-~ CT.~ '- - 2.1.5. Operands + 6 - ~ - - - The perands field usually cntains symblic r abslute descriptins f the ndex Register, Strage Address, and Detail prtins f an instructin. These descriptins are called expressins. Each expressin except the last ne n a line must be terminated by a cmma immediately fllwing the last character f the expressin. The last expressin n a line is terminated by a blank. The first blank fllwing a character which is neither a blank nr a cmma indicates that n mre expressins fllw. Clumn 72 als terminates the perands field. The assembler prcesses the perands field frm left t right, a character at a time. Whenever a cmma is encuntered, the assembler recgnizes the end f an expressin and expects at least ne ther expressin t fllw; but whenever a blank appears fllwing a nn blank character which is nt a cmma, the assembler expects n mre expressins t fllw n the same line. Tw successive cmmas within a string f expressins indicate a blank expressin. An expressin may have any number f preceding blanks.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 2 SECTON: PAGE: 6 The maximum number f expressins that may be written n ne line and the interpretatin f each expressin is determined by the cntents f the peratin field. Any line may have less than the maximum number f expressins. Fr example, a symbl written as the M expressin n an instructin line might als define the length f the field addressed. n this case, the L prtin f the instructin line may be mitted. Sme pssible frms fr the OPERANDS field are OPERANDS 30 M L X is an expressin designating the perand address. is a decimal r ctal number r defined label specifying the perand length in terms f characters. is an expressin naming an index register. is an expressin identifying an indicatr. Nte that if the last expressin which might appear n a line is mitted, the cmma which wuld have preceded it is mitted. Als, if the M expre:ssin is t be specified as zer, it may nt be represented by a cmma, but must be written as zer (0). 2.1.6. Cmments Significant cmments may be written anywhere n the line beynd the blank which terminates the last expressin. t is recmmended, hwever, that cmments be indented at clumn 46, fr the sake f btaining an utput listing which is easier t read. Fr example, E LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS COMMENTS----,) 'r7 11 ~13 18 19 30 40 45 146 50 -- - - -- N TL J C 0 - - 2.2. SYMBOLS AND CONVENTONS There are three general types f expressins: Symblic value is assigned by the assembler Cnstant value is assigned by prgrammer - EX T L Cmbined value may be whlly r partially assigned by either the assembler r prgrammer N,E<
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 2 SECTON, PAcaE, 7 c A symblic expressin is ne whse first character is an alphabetic character and is nt preceded by an apstrphe. An example f a symblic expressin is OPERATON 3 OPERANDS 30 40 45 A cnstant expressin is ne whse first character is either an apstrphe r a number. A cnstant expressin may be alphanumeric, decimal, r ctal. ~ 6 An alphanumeric cnstant is represented by enclsing it in apstrphes. Frm the expressin, the assembler generates the UNVAC 1050 six bit cde fr every character appearing within the apstrphes. Fr example, the expressin LABEL 7 11 ~ OPERATON OPERANDS :1,13 18 19 30 40 45 146 -... i!~i~ 1 7 i i m:,t - - prduces the bit cnfiguratins 00 0100 and 00 1010, which are the UNVAC 1050 six bit cdes fr the characters 1 and 7, respectively. A cnstant is decimal if its first character is a number ther than zer. The assembler generates the binary equivalent f the decimal number. Fr example, the expressin LABEL 7 11 OPERATON 3 1819 OPERANDS 30 prduces the bit cnfiguratin 010001, which is the number seventeen expressed in binary. f the first character f a cnstant expressin is zer, the number is taken t be an ctal number and is cnverted frm ctal t binary. Fr example, the expressin OPERATON 3 1 OPERANDS 30 40 is cnverted int 001111.
----- ----~-- UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 2 CENTRAL PRDCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 8 A special cnstant expressin is the dllar sign ($), which means the current value f the lcatin cunter. ts value is ne greater than the address f the last lcatin which the assembler has assigned. The fllwing chart summarizes the interpretatin given t each type expressin. TYPE OF ABBREVA- EXPRESSON TON FORM VALUE EXAMPLE Symbl S ne t five alphanumeric value assigned t the sym- L characters beginn ing bl as a result f an EQU TAP02 with an alphabetic directive r f appearance COST character ther than in the LABEL field. the letter X. Lcatin L $ current value f lcatin $ + 15 cunter, namely the address f the mst sign ificant character f the ine in wh ich the item $ appears. Octal 0 zer fllwed by ctal value interpreted as base 8 017 has the va lue 001111 (0-7) digits. and cnverted t binary. Decimal 0 nn zer digit fllwed value interpreted as base 17 has the va lue 010001 t by decimal (0-9) digits. 10 and cnverted t binary. Binary Alpha- A any characters (excluding va lue f each character in 'ABC' has the value, numeric apstrphes) enclsed in crrespnding psitin 010100010101 010110; apstrphes ('). right justified (6-bit repre- '17' has the value sentatin). 000100 001010 A cmbined expressin is ne that has tw r three symblic r cnstant expressins cnnected by a plus (+) ra minus (-) sign. An expressin may have a leading plus r minus sign t dente a psitive r a negative quantity. f an expressin des nt have a sign, it is assumed t be psitive. Since all expressins are cnverted int binary, a negative expressin is cnverted int the tw's cmplement f the value. ('" l\.j
L-~ UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS SECTON. 2 PAGE. 9 C 2.3. DATA GENERATON The PAL assembly system prvides means f generating data ther than instructins frm a cding line. A cnstant f up t 16 characters is generated by writing +n r -n in the peratin field f a line. The n is a decimal number ranging frm 1 thrugh 16 specifying the number f characters in the cnstant. An alphanumeric cnstant can range in length frm 1 t 16 characters. This cnstant must be written within apstrphes. A decimal cnstant can range in length frm 1 t 7 characters. An ctal cnstant which can ccupy frm 1 t 8 characters is written with 1 t 16 digits plus a preceding zer. The label f such a line names the least significant character generated frm the entry in the perands field f that line. The perands field must cntain a single expressin, which may be alphanumeric, decimal, ctal, r a label. f the value f the expressin is an integer f less than n characters, the assembler generates as many binary zers t the left f the integer as are needed t fill ut the rest f the field. Fr example, frm the line ~ ~ ) ~ 6 LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 K 5 + 3 5 -.- - - - the assembler generates 000000 000000 000101. KS names the least significant character. ~ f the perands field expressin is alphanumeric and the sign in the peratin field is negative, the sign bit f the cnstant is reversed. Fr example,' frm the line LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 45:!..J + 2 2 4 1..-,--_ -- -- the assembler generates 000101 000111, while frm the line - -- OPERATON 11 13 18 19 OPERANDS 30 40-2 2 4 C,'\ " the assembler generates 000101 100111.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 2 PAGE. 10 '[ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ( r 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 1,...-0 ~ ~... When the perands field expressin is decimal r ctal, and the sign in the peratin field is negative, the tw's cmplement f the expressin value is generated. Fr example, - - - - - - + 2 2 3 4 1 J - - -...u prduces 000010 011100, while LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45146 prduces 111101 100100. 2 --- 2 3 4 -,--""""", - -, - -,J When the expressin in the perands field is a label, unmdified, r with a cnstant mdifier, and ~. the peratin field cntains: V +1 - the length (in number f characters) f the field named by that label is supplied. +3 - the 15 bit address which the assembler assigns t the label will be supplied, preceded by three binary zers. +4 - r higher - the 15 bit address assigned t the label ccupies the 15 least significant bit psitins f the n character field, The rest f the field cntains binary zers..t... "'. V
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 2 PAGE: 11 C 2.4. PAL JR ASSEMBLY SYSTEM The PAL JR card assembler is used with a Central Prcessr that has a strage capacity f 4096 characters. The features f PAL JR are the same as thse f the PAL assembler with certain limi ta tins: Label size is limited t three characters. There are n implied fi.eld lengths. Field lengths and index registers must be specified in the instructins. The EQU directive may nt be emplyed t specify the field length r the index register. AREA directives may nt be emplyed t specify index registers r fill characters and cannt define subfields. The secnd expressin in the perands field f the Tetrad instructins must be a Tetrad number. The /O areas have fixed labels and index registers and cannt exceed tw backup areas fr each unit. The Cmparisn Jumps (JG, JE, JU, JS) are elimi nated in this system. The Jump Cnditinal (JC) instructin is emplyed t perfrm their functin. The maximum value f a decimal r ctal cnstant that can be described by the EQU directive is 4095 (07777).
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 1 c 3. NSTRUCTON REPERTORE The instructin repertire f the UNVAC 1050 System is arranged in the fllwing pages by functinal categry. Each categry is intrduced by a brief descriptin f the general cding rules fr the instructins in that categry. Each instructin is described in the fllwing manner: OPERATON Frmat: PAL Mnemnic Required Expressins Functin: (Cncise descriptin f what the instructin accmplishes) Ntes: (Prgramming cnsideratins and further descriptin f the instructin) Example(s): (Prgramming examples and descriptin f the perands in verbal and graphic frm, shwing the perands befre and after the executin f the instructin, if necessary) n describing the peratin f the varius instructins, the abbreviatin Mx specifies the effective character r field psitin in main stre. By effective character is meant M as mdified by the cntents f index register X (if i~ is called fr). Any expressin f the instructin ther than M and X is the detail field. The detail field may have subfields, sme f which are extensins f the peratin cde. This accunts fr the fact that the ctal peratin cdes fr tw r mre instructins may be identical. Preferably, the mre cmmnly used special purpse tetrads shuld be addressed by means f a label rather than a tetrad number. The ability t d s is prvided by the EQU directive, which is fully discussed later in this sectin. Table 3-1 presents a list f the labels used in the cding examples. n the Univac 1050 System there are 64 indicatrs addressed as decimal numbers 0 thrugh 63 (ctal 0 thrugh 077). These indicatrs fall within three functinal grups; indicatrs that are testable, indicatrs that cause an uncnditinal jump and specific functin t be perfrmed, and indicatrs that cause a certain functin t be perfrmed but d nt break the sequence f instructins. The functin perfrmed depends upn the indicatr invlved. c Amng the testable indicatrs are thse which test the settings f the three Sense Switches and the thl'ee Sense ndicatrs. Sense ndicatrs are internal devices which are set and reset under prgram cntrl. Sense Switches are n the cnsle and are set and reset manually. Unlike cmparisn indicatrs which are set and reset as a result f a cmparisn, the Sense ndicatrs may be set and reset arbitrarily t prvide prgrammable switches.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 2 LABEL OPERATON OCTAL OPERAND DECMAL ARl EQU 017 15 Arithmetic Register 1 AR2 EQU 037 31 Arithmetic Register 2 Xl EQU 047 39 index register 1 X2 EQU 053 43 index register 2 X3 EQU 057 47 index register 3 X4 EQU 063 51 index register 4 X5 EQU 067 55 index regis ter 5 X6 EQU 073 59 index register 6 X7 EQU 077 63 index register 7 DST EQU 0103 67 DeST inatin address fr Transfer Frm (TFR, TF) ORG EQU 0107 71 ORiGin address frm Transfer T (TTR, TTl) TRO EQU 0110 72 Translate table ROw address ZCT EQU 0111 73 Number f characters suppressed TCT EQU 0113 75 Number f characters t be transferred MLR EQU 0127 87 MultiplieR QTN EQU 0127 87 QuTieNt NDCATORS-NOT N STORE KNO EQU 040 32 N peratin KH EQU 041 33 High indicatr KEQ EQU 042 34 Equal indicatr KUQ EQU 043 35 Unequal indicatr KLO EQU 044 36 Lw indicatr KZR EQU 045 37 ndicatr f arithmetic result zer KM EQU 046 38 nd icatr f dec ima arithmetic result minus KNB EQU 047 39 ndicates verflw tcured in last binary subtract r didn't ccur in last binary add KDF EQU 050 40 Dec ima verflw ind icatr Table 3-1. Suggested Standard Equality Statements. The use f these indicatrs is discussed in detail with the instructins invlved. Nrmally the indicatrs will be addressed using a label which is equated t the indicatr number. The EQU peratin is defined in the Card Assembly System Manual. Table 3-1 lists the mre cmmnly used indicatrs and their suggested labels. Tables 3-2 and 3-3, respectively, summarize the instructin repertire and the mnemnic peratin cdes f the UNVAC 1050 System. The instructin executin times appear in Table 3-4 n page 3-73. {~" \~)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAGE: 3... a= z u - is C ', " \. = LOGCAL. AND V = LOGCAl.. OR = SENTNEL. t 00 S NTERPRETED BY THE CRCUTRY AS 0". '* F a =, BT 15:;: 0; F a = 2. BT ls =. * =M DESGNATES THE 000 S NTERPRETED BY THE CRCUTRY AS ala. MOST SGNFCANT ** 0000 S NTERPRETED BY. THE CRCUTRY AS 020. NOTE: SUBSCRPT t NDCATES MMEDATE CHAR. OF THE FEL.O DATA., AS OPPOSED TO REFERENCED Table 3-2. ns tructin Repertire. DATA.
TETRAD CHAR. ~c:: ~ -p < W \0... L ~ ROW 0 CHAR. ROW 2 ROW 3 READ K~~U. K~AU BASE CHAR. COUNT ADDRESS RECORD MEMORY char":. A~~:SS BASE COU NT RECORD DRUM ADDRESS ml:.ly\\jm:t ADDRESS ADDRESS BASE RECORD RECORDED ADDRESS n C m~ 2~ -... :a~ :.:.0 r-~ en 'a~ :a~ aen n m en en :a a CHAR. ROW 4 CHA'R. ROW 5 Reserved *a = ZERO COUNT *b = TRANSLATON TABLE ADDRESS *c = BLOCK TRANSFER COUNT *d = CHARACTER COUNTt Figure 3-1. Layut f First Six Rws f Stre () () *e = LNE ADVANCE COUNT *1 = COLUMN COUNT FOR COLUMN READER *g:: HOLE COUNT (Pst-punch read and punch) t *h = HOLE COUNT (wait and pre.punch) t t USED ONLY BY CONTROL UNTS *i = ROW COUNT (punch) t *j = ROW COUNT (pre-read) t *k = ROW COUNT FOR ROW READER *K2 = PARTY ODD LOCATON *K! = PARTY EVEN LOCATON () P n ::! 0 ~ 'U,. G!! W ~
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAGE: 5 c OCTAL OP CODE MNEMONC DESCRPTON 00 - (Unassigned) 02 - " 04 - " 06 - " 10 JR Jump Return 12 TR TRanslate 14 LC Lgical Cmparisn 16 BCn Bit Circulate 16 BSn Bit Shilt 20 FT Fix Tetrad 22 ZS* Zer Suppress wi th asterisk i 22 ZS$ Zer Suppress with lating dllar sign 22 ZS Zer Suppress with n flating dllar sign 24 TF Transfer Frm memry, ncrement destinatin address 24 TFR Transfer Frm memry, Reset destinatin address 24 TTl Transfer T Memry, ncrement rigin address 24 TTR Transfer T memry, Reset rigin address 26 PD PaD blanks 26 PDO PaD decimal zers 26 CDa Cmpare Decimal 30 J Jump 30 JC Jump Cnditi na ly 30 JD Jump Display 30 JE Jump if Equal 30 JG Jump if Greater 30 JHJ Halt, then Jump 30 JS Jump if Smaller 30 JU Jump if Unequal 32 JL Jump Lp 34 CC Cmpare Character 36 - (Unassigned) 40 XF external Functin 42 ST Stre Tetrad 44 SC Stre Character 46 BT Bring t Tetrad 50 DV DiVide 50 MPC MultiPly Cumulative 50 MPN Mu ti P y N ncumu lative 52 ED EDit 52 SAa Stre Arithmetic register 52 SAR Stre bth Arithmetic Registers 54 LP Lgical Prduct 56 BAa Bring Alphanumeric 56 BOa Bring Decimal 60 AC Add Character 62 AMa Add t Memry 62 SMa Subtract frm Memry 64 LS Lgical Sum 66 ADa Add Decimal 66 SDa Subtract Decimal 70 CBa Cmpare Binary 72 ABa Add Binary 72 SBa Subtract Binary 74 CT Cmpare Tetrad 76 AT Add t Tetrad MNEMONC OCTAL NSTRUCTON OP CODE DESCRPTON ABa 72 Add Binary AC 60 Add Character ADa 66 Add Decimal AMa 62 Add t Memry AJ 76 Add t Tetrad BAa Bring AiphanL1meric --Sr-- f-'_--------------- BCn 16 Bit Circulate BOa 56 Bring Decimal BSn 16 Binary Shift BT 46 Bring t Tetrad ---cs;;--- --TO-- CmpareBinaij------- CC 34 Cmpare Characte"r CDa 26 Cmpare Decimal CT 74 Cmpare Tetrad DV 50 DiVide ---ED-------52-- EDf---------- - FT 20 Fix Tetrad J 30 Jump JC 30 Jump Cnditina ly JD 30 Jump Display ---JE---- --Tl--- JumpiTEquaT-------- JG 30 Jump if Greater JHJ 30 Halt, then Jump JL 32 Jump Lp JR 10 J!!.!!1Q.!!!!t!!r1!.. --3D-- Jump.if Smaller JS JU 30 Jump if Unequal LC 14 Lgical Cmparisn LP 54 Lgical Prduct LS 64 ---MPC--- --50--.~.Q.gJ..!:~~u.!!l..-------- MultiPly Cumulative MPN 50 MultiPly Nncumulative PO 26 PaD blanks PDO 26 PaD decimal zers SAa 52 Stre Arithmetic register ---SAR--- c---52-- Strebth-AfithmetTcRegiSters SBa 72 Subtract Binary SC 44 Stre Character SDa 66 Subtract Decimal SMa 62 ~i!!.r'!.c!..f!!ll!!.. ~1!!9!y ---ft----f--t2--- Stre Tetrad TF 24 Transfer Frm memry, ncrement destinatin address TFR 24 Transfer Frm memry, Reset destinatin address ------ TR --12--TRanslate--------- TTl 24 Transler T memry, ncrement rigin address TTR 24 Transfer T memry, Reset rigin address ---:ZST-- -22-- Zer Suppresswl1h-astefTSi-- fi ZS$ 22 Zer Suppress with flating dllar sign ZS 22 Zer Suppress with n lating dllar sign ------------- XF 40 e~!!r.!l.a.! ~~i~ SEE PAGE 3-38 40 26 29 7 ----- 16 72 14 71 6 ---46 47 44 9 ~L 63 10 51 54 ~:L 51 51 53 59 ~L 51 51 48 70 69 ---34 32 68 68 17 17 39 18 28 ----- 31 6 1------ 20 20 ----- 61 22 22 ----- 66 66 66 * ----- Table 3-30. Mnemnic Operatins Ordered by Operatin Cde. Table 3-3b. Mnemnic Operatins Ordered Alphabetically. * The XF instructin is explained in the peripheral hardware manual ft the unit t which it pertains.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS ' SECTON: 3 PAGE: 6 3.1 TETRAD NSTRUCTONS The frmat f a tetrad instructfn is LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : ~, 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 4514 -./" - where -..r - 0 P M, T, X.--'" -" - OP is the mnemnic peratin cde, M is an expressin designating the perand address, T is an expressin naming a tetrad, X is an expressin naming an index register mdifier. '- ~, f;, v-.~: f index register mdificatin is nt desired, X may be mitted, and 'an instructin may be written as fllws: LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 4514~ OP M, T " \ ~- - --.. - - The assembler will, in this case, supply binary zers in the index register prtin f the ins tructin.!~ -.-..!-J 3.1.1. BRNG TO TETRAD Frmat: Functin: 8T M, T, X Bring the fur characters at Mx-3, Mx-2, Mx-l, and Mx int the specified tetrad T. Nte: ~, } ~ 7 Example: The cntents f Mx-3, Mx-2, Mx-l, and Mx are nt changed. Bring the cntents f the fur character field labeled START int tetrad 9 (R1). LA8EL OPERA TlON OPERANDS : ~ ) 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 1461 1---""'"---'... B T ----- S T A RT, 9 ' -.;--- -- ~ -----
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3 PAQE: 7 C 3.1.2. STORE TETRAD Frmat: ST M, T, X Functin: Stre the cntents f the specified tetrad T int Mx-3, Mx-2, Mx-l, andmx. Nte: The cntents f the tetrad are nt altered. Example:....,/ Stre the cntents f tetrad 9 int the fur character field labeled TEMP. OPERATON 11 13 18 19 OPERANDS 30 40 45 146 ST T E M P', 9. ~.'. 3.1.3. ADD TO TETRAD Frmat: Functin: Ntes: AT M, T, X Perfrm a binary additin f the fur character field at Mx-3, Mx -2, Mx-l, and Mx t the specified tetrad T. a. The additin is a binary add. N signs are invlved. b. Bth perands are always 24 bits in length. c. f verflw ccurs beynd the mst significant character psitin f the tetrad, KNB (the Binary Overflw ndicatr) is set t O. f verflw des nt ccur, KNB is set t 1. d. f verflw ccurs, the carry beynd the mst significant character psitin f the tetrad is lst. e. The field at Mx-3, Mx-2, Mx-l, and Mx is nt altered.
------------------------------ UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PRDC.ESSDR SECTON: 3 8 PAGE: Examples: Add the 24-bit field NCR t tetrad 15. E 1'r... LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11,13 18 19 30 AT N C,R, 1 5 - -.-. : C ) 40 45 146 - - -- - Tetrad 15 (befre) = 000000 010110 101101 110111 NCR (befre) = 000000 000000 000000 000001 Tetrad 15 (after) = 000000 010110 101101 111000 NCR (after) = 000000 000000 000000 000001 Overflw has nt ccurred; KNB = 1. Add the 24 bit field NCR t tetrad 14. ~ 'r LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 AT N CR, 1.( v~_- '-~ - - Tetrad 14 (befre) = 111111 111111 111111 111111 : c 40 45 146 - - - - - \ NCR (befre) = 000000 000000 000000 000001 Tetrad 14 (after) = 000000 000000 000000 000000 NCR (after) = 000000 000000 000000 000001 Overflw has ccurred; KNB = O.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAGE: 9 3.1.4. COMPARE TETRAD Frmat: CT M, T, X Functin: Cmpare the cntents f the specified tetrad T against the cntents f Mx 3, Mx 2, Mx l, and Mx' Ntes: a. The cmparisn is a 24 bit binary cmparisn. N signs are invlved. b. The result f the cmparisn is stred in testable indicatrs as fllws: Result f Cmparisn * Status f ndicatrs after Cmparisn ndicatr Number (ctal) 041 042 043 044 ndicatr Number (decimal) 33 34 35 36 Suggested Mnemnic KH KEQ KUQ KLO (High) (Equal) (Unequal) (Lw) (T) = (Mx) 0 1 0 0 0 (T) < (Mx) 0 0 1 1 (T) > (Mx) 1 0 1 0 c. Neither perand is altered. Example: Cmpare the cntents f tetrad 9 against the fur character field labeled LMT. c ~ 6 i-" LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS! ~ 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 4514~ l l CT LM T 9 " -... - -_ ---.. \... - - - f tetrad 9 cntains 001000 101011 100011 010101 and LMT cntains 000100 101011 100011 010101 the cntents f tetrad 9 are greater than the cntents f the field LMT. After this cmparisn is made, KH and KUQ are set t 1, and KLO and KEQ are set t O. * (T) means "the cntents 01 tetrad Til; (Mx? means "the cntents 01 M "'. x ) /
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 10 i 3.1.5. FX TETRAD Frmat: Functin: FT M, T, X Place the 15 bit M prtin f the instructin int the 15 least significant bit psitins f the specified tetrad T. Ntes: a. The value f M is placed in the tetrad specified: nt the value at the address specified by M; but the 15 bit value f M itself. n this instructin, M is a cnstant. After the instructin is executed, the 15 least significant bits f the tetrad will equal the M prtin f the FT instructin. b. Binary zers are inserted in the mst significant bits f the secnd mst significant character f the tetrad. c. The mst significant character f the tetrad is nt affected by the instructin. d. The interpretatin f indexing is unique fr this instructin. f the index register is used, the value which is stred in the tetrad is the binary sum f the M prtin and the cntents f the index register specified. Carries beynd the fifteenth bit are ignred. Examples: Place the binary equivalent f a decimal 128 in tetrad 9 (index register 1). This replaces the cntents, if any, f Rl. OPERATON 11 13 1819 128, Xl '* OPERANDS 30 Xl (befre) ::L 010100 111111 111111 111111 M SAME FT nstructin: ~~~~ f~~ 0 1000 ===r== 000010 000000 1 Xl (after) 010100 000000 000010 000000 ::r ~1~~ Nte that the mst significant character is nt altered, and that binary zers are inserted int the three mst significant bit psitins f the secnd character. This frm cannt be used in the prcessr with 4096 stra~e lcatins. PAL Jr. des nt have the facility t cmpute a tetrad number frm an index re~ister desi~natin. The tetrad number must be used in the T expressin psitin.,(.~ \i. ' 'J
-- --... _-._-------_.--.- -- UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3 PAGE: 11 c Add the binary equivalent f a decimal 128 t the cntents f index register 1. Opt.RATON OPERANDS 11 13 1819 30 F T SAME Xl (befre) FT nstructin: Xl (after) --... ------------ + '000 00001~ 000000 1001~~ 010100 000000 000010 000000 -------- ---L-- 010100 000000 000100 000000 ~ Subtract the binary equivalent f a decimal 128 frm the cntents f index register 1. Opt.RATON 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 F T -128,X1,X1 ~ ~, f... r LABEL Opt. RATON OPERANDS '- l 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 - - - -- FT - -- 7 7 6 0 0, Xl, X 11 -- - - - - 1 J. Xl (befre) = 010100 000000 000100 000000 Xl (after) = 010100 000000 000010 000000 Nte that the value t be subtracted is expressed either as a decimal integer with a a leading minus sign, r ctally as the fifteen bit tw's cmplement f the value. C',#- N.B. Althugh the examples shw values in the mst significant character psitin f an index register tetrad, it is nt advisable t have anything in that character but binary zers. An index register tetrad shuld nt cntain anything ther than an index register value.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PRDCESSQR 'ECTON: 3 PAGE: 12 3.2. DATA TRANSFER NSTRUCTONS The UNVAC 1050 System has tw types f data transfer instructins: instructins invlving the arithmetic registers, and instructins which d nt invlve arithmetic registers. Under the first categry, data is transferred int and ut f arithmetic registers. n the secnd categry, data are transferred either frm ne area f stre t anther, r frm the instructin itself int stre. a. The frmat f data transfer instructins using the arithmetic registers is LABEL OPERATON 7 11 13 1819 P a M, L, x OPERANDS 30 40 ~ 6 7 where OP is the mnemnic peratin cde, a is 1 r 2, indicating arithmetic register 1 r arithmetic register 2, M is an expressin naming the perand address, L is a decimal r ctal number r a defined label specifying the perand length in terms f characters, X is an expressin naming an index register. f index register mdificatin is nt desired, the X expressin is mitted. The assembler will insert binary zers in the index register prtin f the instructin. The frmat f data transfer instructins using the arithmetic registers is LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!46t --- -... 0 P M c X 1 1 i.-.~~ -"*"'" - - 1 (See Stre Character) r E LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : 6 T 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!461 ) P M. X 1 - -- - --- _ (See Transfer Blck) - - - ---..
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAGE. 13 where OP is the mnemnic peratin cde, M is an expressin naming an perand address, C is the actual character that is t be transferred, X is an index register expressin. Nte: n all data transfer instructins, the sending field is never altered except when sending and receiving fields verlap.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR S.. CTON. 3 PAGE. 14 3.2.1. BRNG DECMAL Frmat: Functin: BOa M, L, X Bring the L cnsecutive characters whse least significant character is at Mx int the least significant characters f AR r 2. Al1 zne bits except the sign bit are changed t binary zers. ~ 6, LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146... Ntes: a. L is a decimal number ranging frm 1 t 16, r an equivalent expressin. b. f less than sixteen characters are transferred, a sentinel is inserted in that character psitin f the arithmetic register which is immediately t the left f the Lth character cpied. This sentinel is the character &, which, in the UNVAC 1050 character set, is 110011. nsertin f the sentinel is an autmatic hardware functin. Characters t the left f the sentinel are nt affected. c. The zne bits f each character with the exceptin f sign the bit (mst significant bit f the LSD) are changed t binary zers. Examples: Bring the fur character cnstant Kl int the fur least significant character psitins f ARl B D 1 K 1, ---"'- 4 1 ~ - - - - - -, ) - AR (befre) 7 9 141 2 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 2 1 7 1 3 1 8 1 6 0 1 8 1 2 1 : 1 Kl AR (after) 1 7 1911 ~ 1 7 1 9 141 2 4 1 5 1 5 1 2 1 7 1 3 18 1 & 7 9 ~ 1 i '!
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON. 15 f a field cntaining infrmatin ther than numeric infrmatin is brught t an arithmetic register by a BDa instructin, all zne bits are deleted in the transfer, with the exceptin f the sign bit. Fr example, 11 OPERATON 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 40 B D 1 N AM E 10 results in AR (befre) NAME /7/W//2/4/5/5/2/7/3/8/6/0/8/2/~/ J/ wl L/L A/M/s/ AR (after) The least significant character f NAME is an S (110101). When it is transferred t ARl, nly the sign bit appears in AR1; the least significant zne bit is deleted, changing the S t K (100101). C:'
-----,---- - UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS. SECTON: 3 PAGE: 16 3.2.2. BRNG ALPHANUMERC Frmat: Functin: BAa M, L, X Bring the L cnsecutive characters whse least significant character is at Mx int the L least significant character psitins f AR1 r 2. Ntes: a. L is a decimal number ranging frm 1 t 16, r an equivalent expressin. b. The zne bits f all characters are transferred, and n sentinel is inserted. Example: Bring the 10 character field NAME int the 10 least significant psitins f ARl. ~, L 7 LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : '- 45146) 11 13 18 19 30 40 -- --... BA 1 NAME, 1 0 - - - -.L -.L AR1 (befre) 7 9 t 4 2 4 5 5 2 7 3 8 161 0 8 2 141 NAME J wlllll AMlsl _ AR1 (after)
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS, SECTON: 3 PAGE: 17 C 3.2.3. STORE ARTHMETC REGSTER Frmat: Functin: SAa M, L., X Stre 'the L least significant characters f AR1 r 2 in the L cnsecutive character psitins whse least significant character is at Mx' Nte: L is a decimal number ranging frm 1 t 16, r an equivalent expressin. Example: Stre 8 characters frm AR2 int TOTAL. OPERATON 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 40 S A 2 L 8 ( ~~).../ 3.2.4. STORE BOTH ARTHMETC REGSTERS Frmat: Functin: SAR M"X Stre the cntents f arithmetic registers 1 and 2 in the 32 cnsecutive stre psitins whse least significant character is at Mx' Nte: This instructin stres every psitin f bth arithmetic registers, making the L prtin f the instructin superfluus. Example: Stre the cntents f bth arithmetic registers in TEMP. 'E LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~ ~ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 ) S A R T EM P. \ -- - - -- - - - - - - -- ---- 1-/
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAGE: 18 3.2.5. STORE CHARACTER Frmat: SC M, C, X Functin: Stre the six bit character C in lcatin Mx Ntes: a. This instructin stres the six bit character C in Mx' The arithmetic registers are nt invlved in the peratin, unless Mx refers t sme psitin in an arithmetic register. b. C is either Examples: a decimal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 63, r an ctal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 077, r a single character bunded by apstrphes. Stre a binary 1 in COUNT. T,~ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 4C 45!46.-- -- - -- --- - S C COUNT, 1 i - l 1 ~ -.--!- - Stre the UNVAC 1050 six bit cde fr the digit 1 in COUNT. 11 OPERATON 13 1819 S C OPERANDS 30 c
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAQE: 19 Stre the six bit cnfiguratin 010100 in NDC. This may be written in anyne f three ways: OPERATON 18 19 S C N 0 C 2 0 OPERANDS 30 40 because 010100 is the binary representatin f 20; OPERATON 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 40 45 146 s C N 0 C 024 c 'f ~, ~ because the binary number 010100 is nted ctally as 024; r LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : ~ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!46 - ~ - - S C NO e. A - - - ---'"""--... because 010100 is the UNVAC 1050 six bit cde fr the letter A. c
--~---~--~.-------- ~-------- --- UNVAC 1050~ SYSTEMS 3 'ECTON. PAGE. 20 3.2.6. TRANSFER BLOCK FROM STORE Frmat: TFR (reset) TF (increment) M" X Functin: Transfer a blck f cnsecutive characters beginning with the mst significant character at Mx t that area in stre whse mst significant character psitin is stred in DST (tetrad 16). Ntes: a. n the transfer blck instructins, Mx addresses the mst significant character psitin f the sending field. b. Prir t the executin f the TFR r TF instructin, the binary cunt f characters t be transferred must be prgram set in the ten least significant bits f TCT (tetrad 18). The maximum number f characters that may be transferred is 1024. f the ten least significant bits f TCT are binary zers, 1024 characters will be transferred. The difference between the TFR and TF instructins is that the address in DST is reset t its riginal value after the TFR (Transfer Frm, Reset) instructin is executed. After a TF instructin the address in DST is incremented by the number f characters specified by TCT. f TCT cntains zers, DST is incremented by 1024. The riginal cntent f TCT is nt disturbed by executin f this instructin. c. Prir t the executin f the TFR r TF instructin, the address f the mst significant psitin f the receiving field must be prgram set in DST (tetrad 16). d. After the TFR instructin has been executed, the address in DST is reset t its riginal value. e. After the TF instructin is executed, the address in tetrad 16 is set t a value ne greater than the address f the latest character f the sending field.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. PAGEl 21 Example: Transfer a blck f eighty cnsecutive characters frm the area whse mst significant character psitin is labeled WSTOR, t the area whse mst significant character psitin is labeled PUNCH. The sequence f instructins required t effect this transfer, using the TFR instructin, is as fllws: ~ {r, LABEL 7 11 ~... -- OPERATOH OPERANDS!C) 13 18 19 30 40 45 1461 F T 8 0" T,C T i F T PUN C H D S T T F R. W S T OJR : - 1- - --- - - - - -
j UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 22.........;:S;;;E;,:C:.:,T.:,;O;,:N;:.:: -&..:P;.:A;:.:G:,:E;.;. -/ l. ; 3.2.7. TRANSFER BLOCK TO STORE Frmat: TTR (reset) TTl (increment) M" X Functin: Transfer a specified number f characters, the address f whse mst significant character is stred in ORG (tetrad 17), t that area in stre whse mst sil?;nificant character is Mx' Ntes: a. n the transfer blck instructins, Mx addresses the mst significant character psitin f the receiving field. b. Prir t the executin f the TTR r TTl instructin, the binary cunt f characters t be transferred must be prgram set in TCT (Tetrad 18). The maximum number f characters that may be transferred is 1024. f the ten least significant bits f TCT are binary zers, 1024 characters are transferred. The difference between the TTR and TTl instructins is that the address in ORG is reset t its riginal value after the TTR (Transfer T, Reset) instructin is executed; after the TTl (Transfer T, ncrement) instructin is executed, the address in ORG is incremented by the number f characters specified by TCT. f TCT cntains zers, ORG is incremented by 1024. On cmpletin f the instructin TCT cntains its riginal value. f"\ U c. Prir t the executin f the TTR r TTl instructin, the address f the mst significant psitin f the sendin g field must be prgram set in ORG (tetrad 17). d. After the TTR instructin has been executed, the address in ORG (tetrad 17) is reset t its riginal value. e. After the TTl instructin is executed, the address in tetrad 17 is set t a value ne greater than the address f the latest character f the sending field.
"'" '",,--,-- '-'-'''''-~~~- UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 23 Example: Using the TTl instructin, transfer a blck f 80 cnsecutive characters frm the area whse mst significant character psitin is labeled WSTOR, t the area whse mst significant character psitin is labeled PUNCH. After the transfer, leave ORG set t refer t WSTOR + 80. ~ T LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 ~ ~) 45 146, F T 80, T C T. } FT WS10R, ORG 11 PUN C.H l J. - - _ - ~... - - - - " c
-----_._----------._----- UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR 3.3. ARTHMETC NSTRUCTONS The UNVAC 1050 System adds and subtracts in bth the decimal mde and the binary mde, and perfrms multiplicatin and divisin in the decimal mde. Decimal arithmetic peratins are gverned by the fllwing general rules: a. The length f an perand in an arithmetic register is specified by the sentinel character & (110011) immediately t the left f the mst significant character f the perand. b. The length f an perand in stre is specified by the instructin. c. Operands in the arithmetic registers must always ccupy the least significant character psitins f the register. i ' d. Except fr the sign bit and the zne bits f the sentinel character, the zne bits f perands are ignred and d nt appear in the result. e. f the result f a decimal arithmetic peratin generates a carry beynd the mst significant character psitin f the result field, decimal verflw ccurs. This terminates the instructin, sets a testable indicatr, and initiates a Class interrupt. n decimal add and subtract peratins, the fur characters (blank, +, @, ;t) having the internal frm xxoooo will be cnverted t XS 3 zers (000011) befre the peratin. Decimal peratins shuld nt be perfrmed with any f the fllwing invalid numeric digits: BNARY VALUE xx0001 xxoolo xxllol xxl110 xxl111 SOURCE CHARACTERS * ( $ % ) < ' > Binary arithmetic peratins are gverned by the fllwing general rules: a. N algebraic signs are assciated with an perand. b. f the result f a binary arithmetic peratin generates a carry beynd the mst significant bit psitin f the result field, binary verflw ccurs, which terminates the instructin and sets a testable indicatr. Unlike decimal verflw, binary verflw des nt initiate any interrupt.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAGE: 25 The frmats f arithmetic instructins are LABEL OPERATO" OPERANDS ~, 7 11 13 18 19 30 """ and P a M, L, X J./- -1../ - - - - - - f 40 4S 146 ~ - - - - - ~ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS T 7 11 13 18 19 30 j 1 OP M C, X J i -...- - - -... - : ~ 40 4S 146? ), - - -!-J where. P is the mnemnic peratin cde, a is 1 r 2, specifying the arithmetic register t be used, M is an perand address, L is usually a decimal r an ctal number specifying the length f ne f the perands, C may be - a single character enclsed in apstrphes, - a decimal number ranging frm 0 th'rugh 63, - an ctal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 077, r - a symblic expressin. X is an index register expressin.
UP~3912 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 26 3.3.1. ADD DECMAL l-",-~j Frmat: Functin: ADa M, L, X Perfrm a decimal algebraic additin f the L character field whse least significant character is in Mx t the cntents farl 01' 2 and stre the result in ARl r 2 Ntes: a. f n sentinel character appears in ARa, the wrking length f ARa is sixteen characters. Otherwise, the sentinel character specifies the wrking length f ARa. b. Blanks (00 0000) in either perand are treated as decimal zers (00 0011). c. Zne bits ther than the sign bit f the perand and the zne bits f the sentinel are ignred and d nt appear in the result. d. f the length f ARa is equal t r greater than L, the instructin is terminated when L characters have been added t ARa. e. f the length f ARa is less than L, decimal zers are substituted fr the first sentinel encuntered in ARa and fr all higher rder psitins f ARa, up t and including the Lth psitin. A sentinel is then inserted int the psitin immediately t the left f the Lth psitin f ARa, and additin prceeds. f. Carries are prpagated up t the sentinel psitin. A carry int the sentinel des nt alter the sentinel, but causes decimal verflw. g. When decimal verflw ccurs, the AD instructin is terminated, and an interrupt is initiated which causes a transfer f cntrl t the decimal verflw 'interrupt entry, a fixed hardware lcatin. h. Decimal verflw interrupt can be inhibited either manually n the system cnsle, r by prgrammed instructin. f interrupt has been inhibited, a testable indicatr is set when verflw ccurs. i. The result f an AD instructin is recrded in testable indicatrs as fllws: f sum = 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 1 f sum f. 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 0 f sum is +, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 0 f sum is -, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 1 f verflw, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 1 f n verflw, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 0 a
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAGE: 27 c j. A decimal zer result is always psiti ve, with the fllwing exceptins: (1) -0 + (-0) = -0 (2) a false zer result (such as that btained by adding 99 and 1, which shuld yield 100 but, n accunt f the sentinel, results in &00) will carry the sign f the full result. Examples: Add the five digit field labeled FLDA t arithmetic register 1. ~ 6 LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 A D 1 _... - - FLDA, 5 - - - - : ~ ) 45!~.-1 - - AR (befre) \3\2\6\9\8\ & 11 \21 & \ 0 \ 0 \3\4\511 \ ~ \ FLDA 1 9 1 2 \ 3 \ 0 \ ~ \ AR (after) Add the five digit field labeled FLDA t arithmetic register 2. C -, '. ) E F! 6 7 LABEL - OPERATON OPERANDS 11 13 18 19 30 40 AD 2 -~ - - AR2 (befre) FLDA AR2 (after) F L D A, 5 -- - - - - -- - --- 13 1 2 16 19 18 1 & 11 12'10, 0, 0 1314 & ~, 9 2 13 0 ~ 1, 3 12 16 19, 8 1 &., 1 12, 0 10 1 & 19 2 3 12, ~, l~ 45 1 )...J.._
---------~----- --- UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 flecton. PAGE. 28 3.3.2. SUBTRACT DECMAL Frmat: SDa M, L, X Functin: Perfrm a decimal algebraic subtractin f the L character field whse least significant character is in Mx frm the cntents f AR r 2. and stre the result in AR r 2. Nte: This in,structin perates identically t the ADa instructin, with the sle exceptin that the peratin is a subtractin. Otherwise, the ntes under, the ADa instructin apply. i Examples: Subtract the five digit field labeled FLDA frm arithmetic register 1.,: LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~, 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45:!~ SO 1 FLO A 5, ~i, 1 "-... - - - - - - '- AR1 (befre) FLDA - - - =\3\216\9\8\&\1121&10101314\&\ \~ 19121 3 101 ~ AR (after) Subtract the five digit field labeled FLDA frm arithmetic register 2. E LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS l'r 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 - - AR2 (befre) = \ 3\2\6\9\8\' &\1 \2 \ & 0 \ 0 \ 9\ 5\ 0 \ 0 ~ \ S 02 FLO A 5 -'- l.,..""'- _- - - - ~ 45!46j ~ ) J FLDA = 1912\3\0\~\ AR2 (after) l~ -~-~---
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 29 C 3.3.3. ADD TO MEMORY Frmat: Functin: AMa M,L, X Perfrm a decimal algebraic additin f the L least significant characters f AR r 2 t the L cnsecutive characters in stre whse least significant character is Mx ' and place the sum in the field at Mx' Ntes: a. Additin is terminated when L characters have been added frm the arithmetic register. b. f a sentinel is encuntered in the arithmetic register befre the Lth character is added, additin prceeds as thugh the sentinel and all characters t the left f the sentinel, up t the Lth psitin, were decimal zers. The cntents f the arithmetic register, hwever, are unchanged. c. Carries are allwed t prpagate up t the Lth character in stre. A carry ccurring when the Lth character is added terminates the additin, and decimal verflw ccurs, causing an interrupt and setting KDF (ndicator 40) t 1. The carry is lst. d. Except fr the sign bit, zne bits are ignred, and they d nt appear in the result. e. A zer result is always psitive, except fr the fllwing cases: (1) -0 + (-0) = -0 (2) A false zer result ccurring when a carry is lst carries the sign f the full true result. f. The results f the AM instructin are recrded in testable indicatrs as fllws: f the sum = 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 1 f the sum f. 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 0 f the sum is +, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 0 f the sum is -, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 1 f verflw, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 1 f n verflw, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 0
Re.v.l UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3 PAGE. 30 Examples: Add the 5 least significant characters f arithmetic register 1 t the field labeled FLDA. LABEL OPERATON 7 11 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 40 A F L D A 5 ' ARl (befre & after) FLDA (befre) = FLDA (after) = =13121619181&11121&lll415111~1 191213101~1 191618121~1, LABEL, 7 11 Add the 5 least significant characters f arithmetic register 2 t the field labeled FLDA. OPERATON OPERANDS 13 18 19 30 40 AM2 F L D A,. S.i '-- - - - - --- - - - - AR2 (befre & after) FLDA (befre) = FLDA (after) = = 13121619181711 121 01 01 01 3141 &111 ~ 191213191~1 191214111~1 1 45!46j
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAC;E: 31 C: 3.3.4. SUBTRACT FROM MEMORY Frmat: Functin: SMa M, L, X Perfrm a decimal algebraic subtractin f the L least significant characters f AR1 r 2 frm the L characters whse least significant character is at Mx' and stre the difference in the field at Mx' Nte: Example: This instructin perates identically t the AMa instructin, except that the peratin is a subtractin. Otherwise, the ntes under the AMa instructin apply. ~ ~ 6 '- LABEL 7 11 - Subtract the 5 least significant characters f AR2 frm the 5 characters at BLNCE. OPERATON 13 18 19 30 40 S M 2 OPERANDS B L N C E, 15 ~ - - - :, 45146 - ) AR2 (befre & after) BLNCE (befre) BLNCE (after) 1 5 16 13 1 0 141 s 171713141 &1 4 1 0 1 2 16 1; 1 s 1719141;1 1417161sl~1 c
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. PAGE. 32 3.3.5. MUL TPL Y NON-CUMULATVE Frmat: MPN,L C) Functin: Ntes: Clear arithmetic register 1 t decimal zers; multiply the multiplicand in arithmetic register 2 by the L least significant characters f MLR (tetrads 20 and 21); stre the prduct, withut sentinel, in arithmetic register 1. a. Bth the multiplicand and the multiplier must be psitined by previus instructins. The multiplier must be stred in the least significant character psitins f tetrads 20 and 21 (MLR) and must be preceded by decimal zers if less than eight characters. This field is eight characters lng and is treated as ne field. The L specifies the L least significant characters f the field. b. The length f the multiplicand is determined by the sentinel in AR2. This implies that the multiplicand must be laded in AR2 by means f a BD2 instructin, rather than a BA2 instructin. N blanks shuld appear in the multiplicand field. c. The number f characters in the multiplicand plus the number f characters in the multiplier must nt exceed 16. The prduct is limited t the sixteen character psitins f AR1. f the number f characters in the prduct exceeds 16, undetected verflw may ccur. A carry frm the 16th psitin f AR1 will cause a detected decimal verflw which will set indicatr 40 and cause a class f-~\ interrupt unless interrupt is inhibited. '0 The fllwing are permissible cmbinatins in multiplicatin. L (number f characters) in MLR Allwable length f multiplicand in AR2 1.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.9,8 1 8 d. The sign f the prduct is gverned by nrmal algebraic rules. Like signs yield a psitive prduct, and unlike signs yield a negative prduct. e. f a sentinel appears in the least significant character psitin f AR2, the multiplicand is cnsidered t be -0 and, depending n the sign f the multiplier, AR1 is cleared t either minus zers r plus zers. f. Multiplicatin destrys the cntents f MLR (tetrads 20 and 21) but leaves the multiplicand in AR2 unaltered.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON. PAGE; 33 c g. The result f the MPN instructin is recrded in the testable indicatrs as fllws: f prduct = 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 1 f prduct - 0, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 0 f prduct is +, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 0 f prduct is -, KM (ndicatr 38) is set t 1 f verflw ccurs, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 1. h. The index register and M prtins f the instructin are ignred. When an MPN instructin is cded, a blank expressin must be written fr the M prtin. Example: g ~ J l... Multiply a five digit multiplicand by a ne digit multiplier. The first tw instructins psitin the multiplicand and the multiplier. LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : \ ) 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!46 - -- BT K 5, M L R B D 2 RAT E, 5,\ - -- - - --..!- M, PN, 1 ~ 1 ~ - - - (Nte: n the illustratins belw, the x's represent characters the values f which are immaterial t the MPN instructin.) Befre the MPN instructin is executed: } 1 AR = x x x x x x x x x ' x x x x x x x AR2 MLR =1 xl xl xl xlxl xl xlxl xl xl &1 616 13 17 1; al al a lal a la al~ The multiplicand is 66377, and the multiplier is 5. After the MPN instructin is executed: AR = a a a a a a 1 a a a a 1 3 1 3 1 s lsi ~ AR2 =1 xl xl xix xl xl x xl x xl &1 6 6 13 17 ; MLR x xl x xlx x x ~
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE,. 34 \ 3.3.6. MULTPLY CUMULATVE Frmat: MPC.L Functin: Multiply the multiplicand in arithmetic register 2 by the L least significant characters f MLR (tetrads 20 t 21), and add the prduct t the cntents f arithmetic register 1. Ntes: This instructin perates identically t the MPN instructin, with the fllwing differences: a. AR1 is nt cleared t zer. b. Any sentinel in AR1 is treated as a decimal zer. c. When the prduct is added t the cntents f AR1, the abslute values f the prducts and f AR1 are added, and AR1 takes the sign f the prduct. d. KZR is nt affected if the cumulative prduct is O. e. f a carry ccurs beynd the mst significant character psitin f AR1, KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t 1 and decimal verflw ccurs. The carry is lst, f. Blanks in either AR1 r AR2 will result in an errneus prduct. ~ LABEL Example: Multiply a five digit multiplicand by a ne digit multiplier. AR1 cntains the value 7163398238. OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 45lJ BT K 5, M L R 1 -.l \.1 - B D 2 RAT E, 5 MPC, 1.. 1 J : _ t..-- - - - - - - - --... l \
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAGE: 35 (Nte: n the illustratins belw, the x's represent characters the values f which are immaterial t the MPC instructin.) Befre the MPC instructin is executed: AR1 = \ x \ x \ x \ x \ xl & 7\1 6\ 3\ 3\ 91 81 2\3 1 ; 1 AR2 = \ x 1 x 1 xl xl x \ x \ x \ xl x 1 xl & 1 61 61 3\ 7\ ; MLR 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 ~ 1 The multiplicand is 66377, and the multiplier is 5. After the MPC instructin is executed: AR1 = x 1 xl x 1 x xl x 7\1 1 6 \3\71 3 1 0 11 12 1 ; AR2 = 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x \ x \ x 1 x 1 x 1 x \ & \61 6 \3 \7 \; 1 MLR xlxlxlxlx x x x \ (66377 x 5 = 331885) c.....'
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3!'ECTON. PA<aE. 36 3.3.7. DVDE Frmat: DV,L Functin: Ntes: Divide the dividend in arithmetic register 1 by the divisr in arithmetic register 2 and stre an L character qutient in the L least significant character psitins f QTN (tetrads 20 and 21). a. The sign f the qutient is determined by nrmal algebraic rules. b. The maximum size f the qutient is eight characters. c. The length f the divisr is specified by the sentinel in AR2. d. The length f the dividend must be equal t the length f the divisr plus the qutient, L. f the length f the dividend is less, ARl must be extended by padding decimal zers. e. The abslute value f the divisr shifted L psitins t the left must be greater than the abslute value f the dividend. f it isn't, an mprper Divide (Class ) interrupt ccurs and KDF (ndicatr 40) is set t ne. f. The length f the qutient plus the length f the divisr cannt be greater than 16; therwise the qutient will be incrrect. g. f n sentinel is present in AR2, the cmputer stalls n the DV instructin. h. f a sentinel is present in the least significant psitin f AR2, the cmputer stalls n the DV instructin. i. The remainder, if any, is stred in AR1, and carries the sign f the riginal dividend. j. The M and X prtins f the instructin are ignred. Hwever, a blank expressin must be cded fr the M expressin. k. Blanks cannt be substi tuted fr decimal zers in this instructin. Example: Divide a five digit field in ARl by a tw digit field in AR2, and stre a fur digit qutient in QTN (tetrads 20 and 21). 11 OPERATON 13 1819 DV 4 OPERANDS 30 (Nte: The x's in the illustratins represent characters which are immaterial in the peratin f the divide instructin.)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 37 PAGE. Befre the DV instructin is executed, * AR = 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 \ 0 1 0 \7 12 \3 \ ~ 1 AR2 = 1 x 1 x 1 x x 1 x x 1 x \ x x 1 x x x x & 11 ~ QTN x \ x x x x x x x after the DV instructin is executed, AR = x x x 1 x x 1 x x x x x x x x x 10! ~ AR2 = 1 x x x x x x x x x x 1 x x 1 x 1 & 11 ~ Q TN x x x \ x 0 14 12 ~ * f the qutinet 042529 were desired, it culd be btained by specifying L as 6 and using a dividend f 723000. c
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 38 3.3.8. ADD BNARY Frmat: ABa M, L, X r~ '-/ 1", Functin: Perfrm a binary additin f the L least significant characters f AR r 2 t the L characters in stre whse least significant character is in Mx and place the sum inthe field at Mx. Ntes: a. The ABa instructin adds frm ARa int memry, i.e., the slm api>ears in Mx. ' b. The cntents f the arithmetic register are nt changed, unless Mx addresses either arithmetic register in which case the cntents f the tw registers culd be added r the cntent f ne arithmetic register culd be added t itself. c. The instructin specifies L characters; therefre the number f bits invlved is always 6L. d. N algebraic signs are assciated with the perands. e. A carry beynd the mst significant bit f the perand in stre is lst, but KNB (ndicatr 39) is set t O. f. f there is n carry beynd the mst significant bit f the perand in stre, KNB C" ''', (ndicatr 39) is set t 1. ' g. f the cntents f the L stre psitins are binary zers after the additin, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 1; therwise, it is set t O. Example: ~, J_ LA8EL 7 11 1 --"" Add, in binary, three characters frm AR2 t TOTAL. OPERATON OPERANDS, ),13 18 19 30 ~ 45!46j - - - A 82 TOTAL, 3 ) _ 1 1 1 - - -- - -- - AR2 (befre = & after) TOTAL (befre) TOTAL (after) = = 1 x x x 1 x x x x x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 11 11 1 0 (ctal 040403) A 51 w (ctal 241071)' E 91 z (ctal 301474)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3 PAGE: 39 c: 3.3.9. SUBTRACT BNARY Frmat: SBa M, L, X ~ Functin: Perfrm a binary subtractin f the L least significant characters f AR r 2 frm the L characters in stre (whse least significant character is in Mx)' and place the binary difference in the field at Mx. Ntes: a. The SBa instructin subtracts the cntents f ARa frm Mx placing the difference in Mx. b. The cntents f the arithmetic register are nt changed, unless Mx addresses either arithmetic register. c. The instructin specifies L characters; therefre the number f bits invlved is always 6L. d. N algebraic signs are assciated with the perands. e. This instructin adds the 2's cmplement f the value in the arithmetic register t the value in stre. f. Carries prpagate up t, but nt beynd, the mst significant bit f the field in stre. A carry beynd the mst significant bit is lst, but sets ndicatr 39 t 1. f there is n carry KNB (ndicatr 39) is set t O. This differs frm the setting described under the ABa instructin, because a carry beynd the mst significant bit indicates that the result in Mx is the true difference. f there is n carry, the result is the cmplement f the true difference. g. f the cntents f the L character psitins are binary zers after the subtractin, KZR (ndicatr 37) is set t 1; therwise it is set t O. Example: Subtract, in binary, the 3 least significant characters f AR2 frm QNTY. LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS,: t } 7 11 13 18 19 30..0 45!46 - --...'" S B 2 ~ } QNTY, 3 -- - --. - --LJ c AR2 (befre & after) QNTY (befre) = QNTY{after) x x x x 1 x 1 x x 1 x x 1 x 1 x x x 16 1 5 131 (ctal 111006) s 16 K (ctal 131145) - ] # 1 (ctal 020137)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 40 3.3.10. ADD CHARACTER Frmat: AC M,C,X Functin: Add, in binary, the character C t the cntents f Mx' and stre the sum in Mx. Ntes: a. The binary value cntained in the last six bit psitins f the instructin is the increment. b. The binary sum is stred at Mx. c. Carries are allwedt prpagate int Mx-1 and as far as necessary. d. A carry beynd the mst significant bit f Mx sets KNB (ndicatr 39) t 0; if there is n carry beynd this psitin, KNB is set t 1. e. The arithmetic registers are nt affected by this instructin, unless Mx addresses a character in AR1 r AR2. Example: Add the binary equivalent f a decimal 25 (011001) t the character labeled COUNT. 'r: tt LABEL 7 11 OPERATON ~- - - -..- - OPERANDS ~13 18 19 30 40 AC CO U NT 2 5 : ~ 45!4ll - - 1 - --- - - - COUNT (befre) = decimal 25 COUNT (after) = decimal 50 LABEL, 7 11 ~~ This instructin may als be written as OPERATON OPERANDS,13 18 19 30 40 :, 45!46/... -- - AC COU NT, F ' - - - 1 1 1 - - Since 011001 is the UNVAC 1050 character cde fr the letter F, it may als be written as - 1-01
UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 3 41 PAGE. '( LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS r 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 _" AC COUNT, 3 1... -- - -... - - - n all three cases, the assembler prduces the bit cnfiguratin 011001. \ 4S!.w
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 42 3.4. COMPARSON NSTRUCTONS These instructins cmpare tw values, and the result f the cmparisn is recrded in the fllwing indicatrs: c NDCATOR NAME KH (High ndicatr) KEQ (Equal ndicatr) KUQ (Unequal ndicatr) KLO (Lw ndicatr) NUMBER The settings f these indicatrs can be tested by the prgram and apprpriate actin can be taken. 33 34 35 36!' Neither f the tw fields invlved in the cmparisn is changed as a result f the cmparisn. The frmats f the cmparisn instructins are x OPERANDS 30 c and OPERANDS 30 40 where OP is the mnemnic peratin cde, a is 1 r 2, specifying the arithmetic register t be used,
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 43 PAGE:.. 0 M is an perand address, L is an expressin specifying perand length, C may be - a single alphanumeric character enclsed in apstrphes, - a decimal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 63, - an ctal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 077, - a symblic expressin, X is an index register expressin. C~ ~.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3 PAQE: 44 i 3.4.1. COMPARE DECMAL Frmat: Functin: CDa M, L, X Cmpare algebraically a signed number cmpri sing all digits t the right f the rightmst sentinel in AR1 r 2 t a signed numeric field f L (maximum f L is 16) decimal digits, starting with the least significant digit lcatin at Mx' Except fr the sign bit zne prtins are ignred; all characters are treated as decimal digits. * Ntes: a. f the signs f the tw fields are unlike, the cmparisn is terminated immediately. b. f n sentinel is present in the specified arithmetic register, all sixteen characters f the register are used in the cmparisn. c. f there is a difference in the field lengths f the tw perands, decimal zers are assumed in the implied high rder psitins f the shrter field, i.e., if ne field is five characters lng and the ther is eight characters lng, the CD instructin assumes that the five character field is preceded by three decimal zers. d. Cmparisn stps upn lcating a sign difference r when the mst significant character f the lnger field has been cmpared algebraically. e. The result f the algebraic cmparisn is stred in testable indicatrs as fllws: 0 V Result f Cmparisn** Status f ndicatrs after Cmparisn ndicatr Number (ctal) 041 042 043 ndicatr Number (decimal) 33 34 35 Suggested Mnemnic KH KEQ KUQ (High) (Equal) (Unequal) (ARa) = (Mx) 0 1 0 (ARa) < (Mx) 0 0 1 (ARa) > (Mx) 1 0 1 044 36 KLO (Lw) 0 1 0 * Cmpare Binary shuld be emplyed lr cmparisns invlving alphabetics (ARa) means "the cntents 01 ARa", and (M ) means "the cntents 01 M ". K X
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON. PAGE. 45 Example: Cmpare decimally the five character field at CONST with the seven character field in AR2. 1= t; 7 LABEL ".. OPERATON OPERANDS 11 13 18 19 30 40 45!~ fl., c D 2 CON S T, 5 - :! 1- AR2 (befre ) & (after) CONST (befre) = & (after) = x x x x x x x x & 101 0 4 4 0 t 131 5 lsi ~ The CD instructin assumes that CONST is a seven character field and treats it as if it were 0013582. Since the cntents f AR2 are greater than the cntents f CONST. the KH and KUQ indicatrs are set.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3 PAGlE: 46 3.4.2. COMPARE BNARY Frmat: CBa M, L, X Functin: Perfrm an abslute binary cmparisn f the L least significant character psitins f AR1 r 2 t the L characters whse least significant lcatin is at Mx' Ntes: a. The cmparisn is an abslute binary cmparisn; therefre the peratin cntinues until L characters have been cmpared. b. Since L specifies a length in terms f characters, the number f bits invlved in the cmparisn is 6 L. c. The result f the cmparisn is recrded in the testable indicatrs as fllws: Result f Cmparisn Status f ndicatrs after Cmparisn ndicatr Number (ctal) 041 042 043 044 ndicatr NQmber (decimal) 33 34 35 36 Suggested Mnemnic KH KEQ KUQ KLO (High) (Equal) (Unequal) (Lw) C Example: (ARa) = (Mx) 0 1 0 0 (ARa) < (Mx) 0 0 1 1 (ARa) > (Mx) 1 0 1 0 Cmpare the tw characters at CODEX against the tw e ast significant characters f ARl. P.E RA N D S 30 40 CODEX = rn (010101 000110) AR1 = x 1 x x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1 B 1 2 1(010101000101) Since the abslute binary value in AR1 is less than that in Mx' the KUQ (35) and KLO (36) ndicatrs are set t 1. c' -.--.-..--.--~---.----...--.. ---.--------~
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3-B PAGlE: 47 c COMPARE CHARACTER - CC M, C, X Functin: Perfrm an abslute binary cmparisn f the character represented by C t the character in Mx. Ntes: a. C may be a single alphanumeric character enclsed in apstrphes, a decimal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 63, an ctal number ranging frm 0 thrugh 77, r a symblic expressin. b. The result f the cmparisn is stred in the testable indicatrs as fllws: C) Result f Cmparisn ndicatr Number (ctal) 041 042 Status f ndicatrs after Cmparisn 043 044 ndicatr Number (decimal) 33 34 35 36 Suggested Mnemnic KH KEQ (High) (Equal) KUQ (Unequal) KLO (Lw) C = (Mx) t 1 C < (M x) 0 0 C> (Mx) 1 0 0 t 1 1 1 0 Example: Cmpare the character at KEY1 against the character D. 1819 OPERANDS 30 40 c f KEY1 cntains the character G (011010), the character D (010111) is less than KEY1, the Unequal (35) and Lw (36) ndicatrs are set t 1. t Unchangefl.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3-B tjp-3912 48 CENTRAL' PROCESSDR S_E_C_T_O~N~: ~P~A*G~E~: ~ ~ --------------------~----------~i; LOGCAL COMPARE - LC M, C, X Functin: Test the character at Mx fr the presence f 1 bit in every bit psitin that crrespnds t thse bit psitins f C which cntain 1 bits. Ntes: a. Only thse crrespnding bit psitins in Mx and C cntaining 1 bits are cmpared. All ther bits are ignred. \' b. f all bit psitins in Mx that crrespnd t the 1 bits in C are als 1 bits, Mx and C are cnsidered t be equal, and KEQ is set. Otherwise, C is cnsidered t be higher in value. c. f C is binary zers, Mx and C are cnsidered t be equal, regardless f the cntents f Mx' d. The.result f the cmparisn is recrded in the testable indicatrs as fllws: Result f Cmparisn Status f ndicatrs after Cmparisn ndicatr Number (ctal) 041 042 043 044 ndicatr Number (decimal) 33 34 35 36 Suggested Mnemnic KH KEQ KUQ KLO (High) (Equal) (Unequal) (Lw) '> C = (Mx) t 1 0 t C t- (Mx) 1 0 1 0 Example: Cmpare the 1 bits f the character '8' with the 1 bits f the character at CODE. r: (r.r 7 - LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : 0 ) 11,13 18 19 30 40 45i461, LC CODE, 8 ' - - - - -. -' t Unchanged. ", l ~'",
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 49 c Since the UNVAC 1050 bit cnfiguratin fr the character '8' is 001011, CODE will be cnsidered equal t 8 if the first, secnd, and furth bits (cunting frm the rightmst bit) f CODE are 1 bits. Therefre the fllwing bit cnfiguratins will set the Equal ndicatr: 001011 (8) 011011 (H) 101011 (Q) 111011 (V) 001111 ([) 011111 (#) 101111 (~) 111111 (J:() Any ther bit cnfiguratins will set the KUQ and KH ndicatrs. c'
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 50 3.5. SEQUENCE CONTROL NSTRUCTONS Nrmally the instructins in a UNVAC 1050 prgram are accessed and executed sequentially, i.e., in the rder that they appear in main stre. Whenever the cnditins f the prgram require a break in this nrmal sequence, the sequence cntrl instructins are used. n the nrmal, sequential executin f instructins, the cntrl cunter is autmatically incremented by five whenever an instructin is executed. This prvides the cntrl unit with the address f the next instructin t be accessed by the cntrl register. Sequence cntrl instructins verride this nrmal incrementatin by changing the cntents f the cntrl cunter. This transfers prgram cntrl t sme instructin which is nt in sequence. The frmat f a sequence cntrl instructin is E ~, 7 LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 11 13 18 19 30 40 OP M,, X - \1.-. _.- - - - - r E LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS t'r 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 l - ~ P M, N, X where P is the mnemnic peratin cde, - - - J i 45 1461 ~ { i- Cl ) 45!48, M is the label f an instructin, is an expressin identifying an indicatr, N is an expressin giving a number, X is an index register expressin. n sme special frms f sequence cntrl instructins, the expressin is implied by the peratin cde, in which case the instructin is written as fllws: [ LABEL OPERATON OP.:RAHDS? 7 11,13 18 19 30 40... ---- -- - - - OP i M X,. 1 - - -~ - -- 45146).i- -!.
UP 3912 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 3 PAGE. 51 C 3.5.1. JUMP Frmat: Functin: J M,X Transfer prgram cntrl uncnditinally t the instructin labeled Mx. Example: Transfer prgram cntrl uncnditinally t the instructin labeled ENDRN. LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~, 1 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 14 J ---- END R N - 1..-"..._- --L_ - - - - - - - 3.5.2. JUMP F GREATER Frmat: JG M,X Cc; 3.5.3. 3.5.4. 3.5.5. JUMP F EQUAL Frmat: JE M,X JUMP F UNEQUAL Frmat: JU M,X JUMP F SMALLER Frmat: Functin: JS M, X Test the cmparisn indicatr specified by the peratin cde. f the indicatr is set t 1, transfer cntrl t the instructin labeled Mx; if it is set t 0, execute the next instructin in sequence. Ntes: a. These fur cnditinal jump instructins are nt available with the PAL Jr. System which is emplyed n the 4096 character strage capacity Central Prcessr. The PAL Jr. System uses the Jump Cnditinal instructin with indicatr 33 fr Jump if Greater, 34 fr Jump if Equal, 35 fr Jump if Unequal, and 36 fr Jump if Smaller. b. These instructins are used in cnjunctin with the cmparisn instructins (CT, CDa, CBa, CC, and LC). After a cmp&risn instructin has been executed, ne r mre f the cmparisn indicatrs (KH, KEQ, KUQ, KLO) is set. The cmparisn jumps test these indicatrs. c. f a secnd expressin appears n a line, it is interpreted as an index register expressin.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE. 52 Example: A cmparisn instructin has just been executed. f the Equal ndicatr was set as a result f the cmparisn, transfer cntrl t the instructin labeled HEADR. r--"" '0 OPERATON 13 1819 OPERANDS 30 HE A D R ' c
. -w-'-...,-.,------------'_"4w-.,.-------- UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3-B CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 53 HAL T. THEN JUMP - JHJ M, X Functin: Stp the cmputer. When the Prgram Start buttn n the cnsle is depressed, transfer prgram cntrl t the instructin labeled Mx' Ntes: a. This instructin is prvided t allw the prgram t stp'the cmputer and await sme actin n the part f the peratr befre prcessing is resumed. b. When the cmputer stps, the cntrl cunter already cntains the address f the instructin t be executed when the Prgram Start buttn is depressed. JUMP DSPLAY - JD M, X Functin: Stp the cmputer and display the binary value at Mx n the cnsle dis play lights. When the Prgram Start buttn n the cnsle is depressed, execute the next instructi n in sequence. Nte: The ntes under the JHJ instructin apply, except that Mx is ignred and is used fr display purpses nly. When the Prgram Start buttn is depressed, cntrl is transferred t the next instructin in sequence.' \
SECTON: 3-B PAGE. 54 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PRDCESSOR JUMP CONDTONAL* - JC M,, X Functin: Transfer cntrl accrding t the specificatin. Ntes: Cnditinal 1. The fllwing indicatrs are assciated with arithmetic peratins. ndicatr Cntrl is transferred t Mx if: 37 (KZR) The result f the last arithmetic peratin was zer., 38 (KM) The result f the last decimal arithmetic peratin was negative. 39 (KNB) N verflw ccurred in the last binary add peratin r verflw did ccur in last binary subtract peratin. 40 (KDF) Decimal verflw ccurred since the las t test fr this cnditin. ** 2. The fllwing values f test the Sense ndicatrs. The Sense ndicatrs are devices which are set and reset by prgram instructins (See Uncnditinal, Nte 1). The Sense ndicatrs exist as a cnvenience fr the prgrammer; while the cmparisn indicatrs are set and reset as a result f a cmparisn, the Sense ndicatrs may be set and reset arbitrarily. ndicatr 53 Cntrl is transferred t Mx if: Sense ndicatr 1 is set t 1. r <'_J/' " i 54 55 Sense ndicatr 2 is set t 1. Sense ndicatr 3 is set t 1. 3. The fllwing indicatrs test the setting f the Sense Switches, which are set and reset manually. These Sense Switches are n the cnsle. ndicatr 50 51 52 Cntrl is transferred t Mx if: Sense Switch 1 is ON Sense Switch 2 is ON Sense Switch 3 is ON * A listin~ f the varius values f and f their si~nificance is prvided n pa~e 3-E-4 * KDF is reset t zer. when tested. A11 ther indicatrs are unaffected by testinq.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSDR SECTON: PAGE: 55 c Uncnditinal a. The fllwing indicatrs set and reset the testable Sense ndicatrs (See Cnditinal, Nte b). The Sense ndicatrs are nt tested. After they are set'r reset, the instructin causes an uncnditinal transfer f cntrl t Mx' ndicatr 18 19 20 21 22 23 Functin Set Sense ndicatr 1 t 1 and jump t Mx' Set Sense ndicatr 2 t 1 and jump t Mx' Set Sense ndicatr 3 t 1 and jump t Mx' Reset Sense ndicatr 1 t 0 and jump t Mx' Reset Sense ndicatr 2 t 0 and jump t Mx' Reset Sense ndicatr 3 t 0 and jump t Mx' b. The indicatrs 00 and 24 cause an uncnditinal transfer f cntrl t Mx' i.e., they cause the JC instructin t perate identically t the J instructin. The J instructin is actually a JC instructin which the assembler autmatically supplies with the indicatr 00. C:: c. The indicatrs 32 and 56 d nt test any f the hardware indicatrs. Cntrl is always transferred t the next instructin in sequence; in ther wrds, a JC instructin with an expressin f either 32 r 56 is a skip, r a N-Operatin instructin. d. ndicatr 41 stres the settings f cmparisn indicatrs 33 and 34 and the arithmetic indicatrs 37-40 in Mx' t is unnecessary t stre indicatrs 35 and 36 (unequal and lw) with indicatrs 33 and 34 (high and equal) stred. These indicatrs are stred in character Mx in the fllwing rder: 40, 39, 38, 37, 34, 33. Example: ndicatr 42 sets indicatrs 33-40 frm Mx' Be careful that indicatr 40 (decimal verflw) is set prperly. f by setting indicatr 42 indicatr 40 is set, a Class interrupt will be caused. f the result f the last arithmetic peratin was zer, transfer cntrl t ZRBAL. t. r ) L,... LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45146 J C Z R B A L, 3.1 7! - - - -.i. - C ~' - -".. '
~ ~ ". _. _. ~~~~c,_'" UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 56 3.5.9. JUMP RETURN Frmat: Functin: JR M,, X Test the indicatr specified by 1*. f it is set t 1, stre the address f the next instructin in sequence in the address prtin f the instructin at Mx' Prgram cntrl is then transfer-red t the instructin immediately fllwingthe ne at Mx' Ntes: a. This instructin prvides the prgrammer with the facility f breaking prgram sequence and executing a subrutine; then it returns prgram cntrl t the instructin immediately fllwing the JR instructin. b. n rder that cntrl be returned t the instructin immediately fllwing the JR, the last line f the subrutine must be a J t the same label (M) as the label t which the JR was executed. c. The instructin at Mx must be a J instructin with n index register expressin. The address prtin f this J instructin is usually zer, althugh any value may be placed in it. This prtin is destryed when the JR t that line is executed. d. The JR instructin tests the same indicatrs as thse which the JC instructin des. The nly difference between a JR and a JC instructin, ther than in timing, is that a JR stres the address f the instructin immediately fllowing it in the address prtin f the instructin labeled M and transfers. x cntrl t M + 5, wh1le the JC merely transfers cntrl t M. x x e. Additinal values f are as fllws: ndicatr 16 Functin Stp the cmputer. When the Prgram Start buttn n the cnsle is depressed, stre the address f the instructin immediately fllwing in the address prtin f the instructin at Mx' and transfer cntrl t Mx + 5. 33 (KH) f the High ndicatr is set, stre the address f the instructin immediately fllwing in the address prtin f the instructin at Mx' and transfer cntrl t Mx + 5. 34 (KEQ) f the Equal ndicatr is set, stre the address f the instructin immediately fllwing in the address prtin f the instructin at Mx' and transfer cntrl t Mx + 5. * A listing f the varius values f Bnd f their si~nificance is prvided in Table 4,,1, Page 4-4.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3-B PACJE: 57 Example: 35 (KUQ) 36 (KLO) f the Unequal indicatr is set, stre the address f the instructin immediately fllwing in the address prtin f the instructin at Mx' and transfer cntrl t Mx + 5. f the Lw ndicatr is set, stre the address f the instructin immediately fllwing in the addressprtin f the instructin at Mx' and transfer cntrl t M + 5. x A binary subtract instructin has just been executed. f n verflw has ccurred, the result is the cmplement f the true result, and must be recmplemented. The subrutine whse first instructin is RCMPL must be perfrmed..-fn either case, prcessing must cntinue whether r nt the recmplementatin subrutine has. been executed. Test fr binary verflw; if nne has ccurred, perfrm the subrutine whse first line is labeled RCMPL; therwise, cntinue prcessing. OPERATON 11 13 1819 J R PL,KNB OPERANDS 30 40 The line labeled RCMPL might be OPERANDS 30 40 f the JR instructin abve ~ffects effectively, a transfer f cntrl, this line will becme, \ ~ 7 LABEL OPERATON OPERANOS 11 13 18 19 30 40 ReM P L J T EST + 5 i 1...-~ V- - -- - -.- - - - - - \ 45 14d,
ECTON: UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS 3-B 58 CENTRAL PRDCESSOR PAGE: and the last line f the subrutine must be c LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ~, : 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 1461 L.- -- J ReM P L - - -' - which will transfer cntrl t TEST + 5. - - - / \ c; i!
c UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3-B SECTON: JUMP LOOP - JL M, N, X PAGE: 59 Functin: Test the N prtin f the instructin against binary zers (000000). f equal, execute the next instructin in sequence. f unequal, decrement the N prtin by a binary 1 (000001) and restre the new value f N in the N prtin f the instructin in main stre. f the new value f N is still unequal t 000000, transfer prgram cntrl t the instructin at Mx; therwise,execute the next instructin in sequence. Ntes: a The N prtin f the instructin is never decremented past 000000. b. The N prtin serves as the wrking cunter fr the instructin. His decremented by 000001 every time that the JL instructin is executed. c. The maximum value f N is 63. c 't ~ 7 \ R... -- d. After N has been decremented t 000000, N must be reset by a prgram instructin (usually an SC instructin) t its riginal value. Otherwise, N will.remain at 000000 the next time that the JL instructin is executed. Example: Execute the subrutine, the first line f which is labeled BNAD, 9 times. The line f the subrutine may be cded as fllws: LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 11,13 18 19 30 40 PTA -D J L B N AD, 19.- - - - - - - - - t is recmmended that the next line be :, 45 146j ) LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS :. ~ 6 7 11,13 18 19 30 40 45:4' ~ \... - SC R PTA D + 4, 9 - - - - s that, when the N prtin f the line labeled RPT AD is decremented t 000000, it is reset t its riginal value f 9.
SECTON. 3-B PAGE. 60 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR 6 EDTNG NSTRUCTONS The editing instructins in the UNVAC 1050 instructin repertire are used t alter the frm f infrmatin in stre by means ther than arithmetic instructins. The frmats f editing instructins are: c t ~ 6 LABEL OPERAT<10N OPERANDS ~ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45:46,, 0 P a 1 M L X.1 it i L1 1. J P M L, X,( P n M, S, X : ). ~ OP 1.L M.J C X L -- -- - ---J-J - - - - - \ where OP is a mnemnic peratin cde, a is 1 r 2, specifying an arithmetic register, n is the number f characters invlved in a bit shift, M is an expressin specifying an perand address, L is an expressin specifying perand length, S is an expressin specifying the number f bit psitins that an perand is t be shifted, C is a six bit editing pattern, and X is an index register expressin.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3-B PAGE: 61 c TRANSLATE - TR M, L, X Functin: Replace the L characters whse least significant character is in Mx using a translatin table. Ntes: a. The maximum value f L is 64.. b. A translatin table may cnsist f a maximum f 64 characters stred in any rw f stre frm 0-63. The rw number must be prgram sl;lt in abslute lcatin 72 (TRO). c. The Mx expressin specifies the lcatin f the least significant character t be translated. Translatin wrks frm the least significant t the mst significant character, until the number f characters specified by L have been.. translated. d. The TR instructin replaces each character in the field t be translated with a character selected frm the rw specified by TRO.. The basis fr selecting the replacemj:!nt character is the binary value f the character t be replaced. The binary value f any six bit character ranges frm zer (000000) thrugh 63 (111111). This binary value prvides the character address f the particular six bit cnfiguratin within the specified rw which is t replace the character. n ther wrds, a character with a binary value f zer (000000) is replaced by whatever character is prestred in psitin 0 f the translate rw; a character with a binary value f 1 (000001) is replaced by whatever character is prestred in psitin 1 f the translate rw; and s n. e. The cntents f the translate rw are nt altered by the instructin, unless the translate rw itself is translated. f. f L is greater than 15, L may nt be implied by means f a previus definitin (cf. AREA Directive).
3-B 62 ~ UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS S.E~C~T'~O~N~: ~~PA~G~E~: ~ ----------------------------~ Example: A three character field cntaining the bit cnfiguratins 010101 010100 100010 is labeled FLD. These bit cnfiguratins are the 90 clumn card cdes fr the characters ABC. FLD is t be printed and must be tnitfslated frm 90 clumn card cde t UNVAC 1050 XS 3 cde. The translatin table is in Rw 10 (lcatins 640-703). The first in~tructin places the rw number in TRO. \~ ~ lj LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45:46 S C T R 0, T 0 - -- - -- T R F L D 1, 3 - - - FLD (befre) = 010101 010100 100010. 90 clumn equivalent = A B C \ - --- ->.( Decimal value 21 20 34 Character psitin 20 21 34 Rw 10 (010101) (010100).. (010110). () 1050 equivalent B A C FLD (after) = 010100 010101 010110 1050 equivalent A B C. C ',
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAQE: 63 c 3.6.2. EDT Frmat: ED M, L,X Functin: Edit the L least significant characters f arithmetic register 1 int the stre psitins whse least significant character is Mx under cntrl f the pattern in AR2. Ntes: a. The maximum value f L plus E is 16. * b. The edit instructin facilitates the fllwing peratins n a data field eliminatin f the sign bit translatin f the sign t a frm suitable fr printing insertin f punctuatin (any alphanumeric character except @) in the data field: c. Data in AR is placed in the designated strage, in character psitins that crrespnd t the lcatin f the @ and J::( characters in AR2. d. f the least significant character in AR2 is (.~ - a minus sign (000010), tw functins will be perfrmed: if the field in AR is negative, a minus sign is placed in Mx; if the field is psitive, a blank is pl,aced in Mx' the least significant character in AR is transferred t ~-1 and binary, zers are placed in the zne bits. J::( a lzenge (111111), the numeric bits f the least significant character f AR are cpied in t lcatin Mx' and binary zer s are placed in the zne bits f ~. @ an "at" character (100000), the least significant character f AR is cpied int Mx withut alteratin. Any ther character appearing in the least significant character psitin f AR2 is transferred t lcatin ~ unaltered. e. Except as nted in nte d, any character in AR 2, ther than an @, is transferred unaltered t a crrespnding psitin in the designated strage area; an @ causes the crrespnding character in ARt t be transferred t the designated strage area unaltered. f. The number f @ characters in AR2 must be at least equal t the number f characters specified by L. E = number f characters inrerted int the edited field.
UP-39l2 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3, 64 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON', PACilE,. ~ L 6 LABEL Examples: Edit the 10 least significant characters f ARl accrding t the pattern cntained in AR2, placing the edited field in the lcatins whse least significant character is labeled TOTAL. OPERATON OPERANDS : ~ 7 11,,3 18 19 30 40... - --- - - - } 45!461 ED TOT A LJ 11 0 1, _/'" L...---- - -- ---." ) ARl = 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 12 13 14 5 16 17 s 191 t AR2 = @ @ 1 @ ' @ @ 1 @ ' 1 @ @ 1 @ 1. @ @ - After the instructin is executed, the field labeled TOTAL cntains Character psitin TOTAL is blank because the field is psitive. f it were negative, TOTAL wuld cntain Edit the 8 least significant characters f AR1 accrding t the pattern in AR2 and stre the edited field in the field labeled TOTAL. \ 6 LABEL OPERATON.OPERANDS \ ) 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146 - -... - - ------- - - - ED TOT A L. 8 1 -' i,.l i J - - ) -... J AR1 = 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 \3 14 [5 16 17 s 19 0 AR2 = 0 1 0 0 1 @ 1 @ 1 ' @ @ @, @ \ @ @ \. \ @ \ @ After the instructin is executed, TOTAL will cntain r TOTAL...---r'1 X --'--x 1 x--'-- 3.,..--r14 ---r-s -'--1 6 "'---'1 7 ---r-s --'-. 19 """""""1!
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 3-B PAGE: 65 c because the minus sign appears in the zne bits f the least significant character in AR1, the least significant @ character in AR2 acts as a J:t and the zne bits are nt transferred. (f the zne bits were t be transferred the result wuld be the 1050 character fr the exclamatin pint.) Edit the 8 least significant characters f AR1 accrding t the pattern in AR2 and stre the edited field in the field labeled TOTAL.,~ LABEL ~ 7 ~ -- OPERATON OPERANDS : 0 ) 11,13 18 19 30 40 45 146 E 0 TOTAL, 8 ARl AR2 - - - ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \3 \4 15 16 17 s 19 16 @\ @ @, @ @ @. @ @ * T 0 T A L After the instructin is executed, TOTAL will cntain 1314151, 16171 s 1 19 10 1* T 10 1 T A L c
--..---,----~------~~ SECT~9N: 3-B PAGE: UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 66 CENTRALPRDCESSa R i ZERO SUPPRESS..., ZS M, L, X ZS$ M, L, X ZS* M, L, X Functin: Beginning at lcatin Mj{ and wrking t the right n a maximum f L characters, replace blanks, zers, and cmmas until a character which is neither a blank, a zer, nr a cmma is encuntered. Ntes: a. n this' instructin, Mx specifies the mst significant character psitin f the field, as the instructin perates n the field frm left t right. b. The maximum value f L is 16. c. A ZS instructin replaces all leading blanks, zers, and cmmas with blanks. d. A ZS$ instructin replaces all leading blanks, zers, and cmmas with blanks, and inserts a dllar sign ($) in the psitin immediately t the left f the first character encuntered which is neither a blank, a zer, nr a cmma. e. A ZS* instructin replaces 'all leading blanks, zers, and cmmas with asterisks (*). f. A cunt (frm 0 t 16), expressed in binary, f the number f characters suppressed is stred by the circuitry in ZCT (abslute lcatin 73). g. f Mx is nt a blank, a zer, r a cmma, and'a ZS$ instructin is executed, a dllar sign is inserted int Mx-. Example: Suppress leading zers, cmmas, and blanks in the field whse mst significant character is labeled TOTAL-S. TOTAL-S thrugh TOTAL = 0 ' 0 11 12 ' 13 14 s 1 ' 16171 s1 19 f 0 f the instructin is E ~ 6 7 ~ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS : ~ 11,13 18 19 30 40 45!~ ZS TOTAL-15, 1 3 l - -- ~----- - - - c.. -... ~.~-.. -~... --.--~~------~---~------
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 67 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: a!ter the instructin is executed, the field TOTAL -15 thrugh TOTAL wuld cntain TOTAL -15 ] TOTAL f the instructin is j ~ 6 LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146.-L Z S,$ TOT A,L - 115 ' 1 31 --- _ - - - - - - - - - - - - : ki( the field wuld cntain TOTAL -15 j f the instructin is 11\$\i\2\,\3\4\5\,\6\7\8\'\9\01 L TOTAL ~ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS l\ 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 45,..; l-l Z,S * T,O T,A L _,1.5, 1 ~. 1! - - - -./ - the field wuld cntain ~ 1 TOTAL-S n all three cases, ZCT wuld cntain a 3 expressed in binary (000011).
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 'ECTON: 3 PAGEl 68 3.6.4. PAD BLANKS Frmat: PD M, L, X 3.6.5. PAD ZEROS Frmat: PDO M, L, X Functin: Place decimal zers (000011) r blanks (000000), as indicated by the peratin cde, in the L lcatins whse least significant character is at Mx' T Ntes: a. The arithmetic registers are nt invlved in the peratin f this instructin, unless Mx is the address f a lcatin in either arithmetic register. b. The maximum value f L is 16. Example: Place blanks in the 16 character field whse least significant character psitin is labeled TOTAL. LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS ) 7 11 13,18 19 30 40 45!~ PD TOT A L 1 6 ~"--- --- - --- - -~ TOT AL (befre) * ~ 1* 11121,1314151,1617181.1910 \- TOTAL (after) 1,,' ' " 1 ", 1,,,
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 3-B PAGE. 69 LOGCAL SUM - LS M, C, X Functin: Fr every bit psitin in C cntaining a ne, place a ne in the crrespnding bit psitin in Mx' Ntes: a. The bit psitins f Mx which crrespnd t thse bit psitins f C cntaining bits are unchanged. b. C is nt altered after the instructin is executed. Example: Superimpse the character 110000 n the characters ND1, ND2,and ND3. LABEL 6711 OPERATON 13 1819 L S OPERANDS 30 ND1 (befre) 001111 ND1 (after) 111111 ND2 (befre) 000011 ND2 (after) 110011 ND3 (befre),= 100011 ND3 (after) 110011
3-B SECTON: PAGE, 70 UNVAC 1050 SYSEMS "CENTR-AL -PROCESSOR, ~ LOGCAL PRODUCT - LP M, C, X C ','J Functin: Fr every bit psitin in C cntaining a zer, place a zer in the crrespnding bit ps itin in Mx' Ntes: a. The bit psitins f Mx which crrespnd t thse bit psitins f C cntaining 1 bits are unchanged. b. C is nt altered after the instructin is executed. Example: Extract the three least significant bit psitins f the characters ND4, NDS, and ND6. (C must be 111000.) ~ ~ 6 LABEL OPERATOjq OPERANDS : ~ } 7 ' 11 13 18 19 30 40 45 146J,..~-- - L P ND4 7 0 L P ND5 -'- 07 O~ - - - - - - --!..- L P N D 6 7 0 l L c ND4 (befre) 111111 ND4 (after) 111000 NDS (befre) 101101 NDS (after) 101000 ND6(befre) 001011 ND6 (after) 001000 c
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON: PAGE: 71 c 3.6.8. BT SHFT Frmat: BSn M, S, X Functin: Shift the n characters whse least significant lcatin is Mx ' S bit psitins left, replacing the S least significant bit psitins f Mx with binary zers. Nte that this instructin is a hit shift invlving an integral number f characters. Ntes: a. n may he 1, 2, 3, r 4, specifying the number f six bit characters invlved in the shift. b. S specifies the number f bit psitins that the field is t be shifted left. A maximum shift f 7 is pssible. c. Bits shifted beynd the mst significant bit psitin f the mst signficant character are lst. d. Zers replace the hits shifted ut f the least significant bit psitins f the least significant character(s). Example: Shift the tw character field, DATA3, 3 bit psitins left. ~ ~ 7, L.~ LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 11 13 18 19 30 - ~ B S 2 D A,T A 3 3 -L...- - - - - 40 451 - - ) DATA3-1 thrugh DATA3 (befre) = 110101 001111 DATA3-1 thrugh DATA3 (after) = 101001 111000 c
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 SECTON. PAGE, 72 3.6.9. BT CRCULATE Frmat: BCn M, S, X Functin: Shift the n characters whse least significant lcatin is Mx' S bit psitins left. The Smst significant bits are mved int the S least significant bit psitins f Mx' Nte that this instructin is a bit shift invlving an integral number f characters., L Ntes: a. n may be 1, 2, 3, r 4, specifying the number f six bit characters invlved in the shift. b. S specifies the number f bit psitins that the field is t be shifted left. A maximum shift f 7 is pssible. c. Bits shifted beynd the mst significant bit psitin f the mst significant character are entered int the least significant bit psitins f the least significant character(s). Example: Shift the three character field, DATA4, 5 bit psitins left, circularly. LABEL OPERATON OPERANDS 7 11 13 18 19 30 40 451461 3~.;...... - -- - - B C 3 D A T A.4 5 - DATA4-2 thrugh DATA4 (befre) = 100110 110101 001111 DA TA4-2 thrugh DATA4 (after) = 011010 100111 110011 :~ - J -
Rev, 1 UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS 3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: PAGE: 73 PAGE NO'S, TYPE MNEM OPERANDS CODE NSTRUCTON 3-14 BOa M, L, x BRNG DECMAL -16 BAa M, L, X BRNG ALPHANUMERC -6 BT M, T, X BRNG TETRAD _17 c.: SA M, L, X STORE ARTHMETC REG, W STORE BOTH ARTHMETC -17 - SAR M " X ) REGSTERS Z -6 ST M, T. X STORE TETRAD -C c.: _18 - SC M, C, X STORE CHARACTER -10 -C FT M, T, X FX TETRAD - TRANSFER BLOCK FROM -20 -C TF Q M,,X* STORE, NCREMENT -20 TFR M,, X * R:~~~~~RBELS~;'K FROM -22 TTl M Xt TR;~~~~~~~~~~ETNOT -22 TTR M xt TRANSFER BLOCK TO STORE, RESET 3-26 ADa M, L, X ADD DECMAL -38 ABa M, L, X ADD BNARY -29 AMa M, L, X ADD TO MEMORY -7 ~ AT M, T, X ADD TO TETRAD -40 - W AC M, C, X ADD CHARACTER ~ -28 :z:: SDa M, L, X SUBTRACT DECMAL -39!:: -31 c.: SBa M, L, X SUBTRACT BNARY -C SMa M, L, X SUBTRACT FROM MEMORY -32 MPN L MULTPLY NON-CUMULAT, APPROXMATE NSTRUCTON EXECUTON TMES N MCROSECONDS 36 + 9L 27 + 9L 63 27 + 9L 324 63 40,5 81 103.5+ 9B 90+ 9B 103.5 + 9B 90+ 9B 49.5+ 13.5 (L+ Lc); if Mxl > AR~ and signs~, 49.5+27L 27+ 13,5L 49.5+ 13.5; if ARal > Mxl and signs t. 49.5+ 31 L 81 45+ 13.5Le 49.5+ 13.5 (L+ Lc); if MJ > ARa and signs =, 49.5+27L 27+ 13.5L 49.5+ 13.5L; if ARal > Mxt and signs =, L (33.75K+63.5) +99 49.5+31L -34 MPC L MULTPLY CUMULATVE L (33.75K+63.5) +27 c -36 DV L DVDE 3-44 Z CDa M, L, X COMPARE DECMAL 0 46!!! CBa M, L, X COMPARE BNARY c.: -47 -C CC M, C, X COMPARE CHARACTER a.. -9 ~ CT M, T, X COMPARE TETRAD 0-48 U LC M. C, X LOGCAL COMPARE 3-51 JE M, X JUMP EQUAL -51.J JG M, X JUMP GREATER 0-51 c.: JS M, X JUMP SMALLER - 51 Z 0 JU M, X JUMP UNEQUAL -51 U J M, X JUMP W -54 U JC M,, X JUMP CONDTONAL Z -59 W JL M, N, X JUM;' LOOP -56 :::l a JR M,, X JUMP RETURN W -53 ) JD M, X JUMP DSPLAY -53 JHJ M, X HALT, THEN JUMP :3-72 -71 :z:: - L BCn M, S, X BT CRCULATE n BSn M, S, X BT SHFT 3-69 LS M, C, X LOGCAL SUM -70 LP M, C, X LOGCAL PRODUCT -68 PO M, L, X PAD BLANKS -68 PDO M, L, X PAD ZEROS - -66 Q ZS M, L,Xt ZERO SUPPRESS W ZERO SUPPRESS AND -66 ZS$ M, L,Xt FLOATNG $ SGN ZERO SUPPRESS WTH -66 ZS* M, L,X * ASTERSK FLL -63 ED M, L, X EDT -61 TR M, L, X TRANSLATE XF NSTRUCTON TME S 72 MCROSECONDS. B = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TRANSFERRED E = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS NSERTED NTO EDTED FELD K = DVSOR OR MULTPLCAND LENGTH L OPERAND LENGTH OR LENGTH OF QUOTENT L = LENGTH OF THE LONGER OF TWO FELDS L (74.25K+ 128.25) + 13.5K+49.5 36+ 13.5L'; if t. 36 27+ 13.5L 40.5 81 40.' 31.5,31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 40.5 45 31.5 31.5 40.5+S (9+ 18n) 40.5 + S (9+ 18n) 40.5 40,5 27+4.5L 27 + 4.5L 45+ 9Z 49,5+ 9Z 45+ 9Z 36+ 13.5L+ 9E 36+ 13.5L Lc = CARRES BEYOND L lh DGT Mxl= ABSOLU'TE VALUE OF Mx N = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS SHFTED 5 BT POSTONS SHFTED = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS SUPPRESSED Table 3-4, nstructin Executin Times
c,., :
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON. 4 PAGE: 1 4. AUTOMATC PROGRAM NTERRUPT 4.1. General Descriptin Autmatic prgram interrupt is a cncept incrprated int the cntrl circuitry f the UNVAC 1050 System which enables the system t perate at ptimum verall efficiency. The autmatic prgram interrupt feature permits the efficient utilizatin f all input/utput devices perating under cntrl f the Central Prcessr withut sacrificing any prcessing time within the prgram cyclean essential cnsideratin in the maintenance f maximum input/utput speeds. Basically, autmatic prgram interrupt cnsists f the generatin f a signal t the Central Prcessr upn the recgnitin f a cnditin that require.s immediate attentin frm the prgram. These interrupt signals are assigned a pririty within a hierarchy f interrupts in rder t facilitate their prcessing. Assciated with autmatic prgram interrupt is interrupt inhibit, which prevents the acceptance f an interrupt signal when it is generated. Hwever, the interrupt signal is stred in an indicatr that can be tested subsequently by a prgram instructin. nterrupt results frm ne f tw general classes f ccurrences: first, an errr, fault, r emergency cnditin ccurring either in the Central Prcessr r in an input/utput device; and, secnd, successful cmpletin f an input/utput functin r, in sme cases, when an input/utput device is ready t accept an input/utput cmmand. Upn the ccurrence f an interrupt, and if interrupt has nt been inhibited, cntrl is transferred t ne f ten fixed stre lcatins which must cntain the starting address f a rutine that prcesses the interrupt. Prgrams that use the PAL Assembler library f input/utput rutines supplied by UNVAC are relieved frm the burden f cntrlling and crdinating interrupts since cmprehensive interrupt cding is included in these rutines. Fr the benefit f the prgrammer wh wishes t write his wn input/utput and interrupt crdinating rutines, the fllwing subsectin presents the cnsideratins attendant upn interrupt prgramming. 4.2. Prgramming Cnsideratins 4.2.1. Classes f nterrupt There are three classes f interrupt which are named in the rder f their pririty: Class, Class, and Class. When a Class interrupt ccurs, a Class nterrupt nhibit bit is set autmatically. While this bit is set, the prcessing (but nt the strage) f all subsequent interrupts is prhibited. f a Class interrupt ccurs while the Class nterupt nhibit bit is set, the Central Prcessr stalls. When a Class interrupt ccurs, a Class nterrupt nhibit bit is set autmatically. While this bit is set, the prcessing (but nt the strage) f subsequent Class and Class interrupts is prhibited. A Class interrupt, hwever, will be prcessed in spite f the inhibitin f Class interrupts.
-~~----------------------------- UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 4 2 PAGE. When a Class interrupt ccurs, a Class nterrupt nhibit bit is set autmatically. While thio' '. bit is set, the prcessing (but nt the strage) f subsequent Class inteuupts is prhibited.'. Class and Class interrupts" hwever, will be prcessed in spite f the inhibitin f Class interrupts. 4.2.1.1. Class nterrupt A Class interrupt ccurs upn the recgnitin f a main stre parity errr when the cntrl circuits f the Central Prcessr btain and execute instructins. Such an errr is knwn as an internal parity errr. Parity errrs ccurring while input/utput devices are accessing main stre are excluded frm this definitin. 4.2.1.2. Class nterrupt A Class interrupt is caused by either decimal verflw r imprper divisin, bth f which set the Decimal Overflw ndicatr (ndicatr 40), r the depressin f the Operatr Request Switch n the cnsle, which sets the Operatr nterrupt ndicatr (ndicatr 44). 4.2.1.3. Class nterrupt A Class interrupt is generated by the Synchrnizers assciated with the input/utput devices f the UNVAC 1050 System upn the ccurrence f any f the fllwing: Successful cmpletin f an input/utput functin, which may result frm - the nrmal terminatin f a requested input/utput functin withut detected errrs, r - an interrupt request frm a demand device withut detected errrs. A demand device is ne that is expected t generate an interrupt request at fixed time intervals whether r nt an instructin has been issued t it. Errr cnditins when - nrmal terminatin f a requested input/utput functin is accmpanied by the detectin f an errr r errrs; r - an errr ccurs while an input/utput functin is in prgress which will prevent nrmal terminatin. Off nrmal cnditins resulting frm - the issuance f an input/utput instructin t a device that has nt cmpleted a previusly requested peratin; - the detectin f an errr r fault cnditin in a device that is nt in use; r - the existence f a cnditin whereby the acceptance f the instructin wuld vilate the rules gverning the simultaneus use f input/utput channels - a cnditin knwn as Strage Overlad. The purpse f these rules is t prevent the ccurrence f an input/utput data transfer rate that exceeds the main stre data transfer rate. 0
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 4 PAGE. 3 c When an instructin requests an ff nrmal device, an interrupt request is generated and the instructin is disregarded. 4.2.2. Prgrammed nterrupt nhibit Class and Class interrupts may be inhibited by prgram instructin. The fllwing rules gvern prgrammed interrupt inhibit. Operatr nterrupt may be inhibited by instructin. Such inhibit can nly be released by instructin r by the depressin f the CLEAR buttn n the cnsle. Decimal Overflw nterrupt may be inhibited by instructin. Such inhibit can nly be released by instructin. Setting f a prgrammed Decimal Overflw nterrupt nhibit sets an indicatr (ndicatr 47), which may be tested by a prgram instructin. Class nterrupt frm all input/utput channels may be inhibited by instructin. Such inhibit can nly be released by prgram instructin. Setting the Class nterrupt nhibit sets ndicatr 45, which may be tested by a prgram instructin. This inhibits all Class nterrupts. c\ This general Class interrupt inhibit is distinct frm the channel interrupt inhibit specifiable in an XF instructin which inhibits further interrupts nly frm the ~pecified channel and which is released by a subsequent XF instructin t that channel. * The setting and resetting f prgrammed interrupt inhibit des nt affect, nr is affected by, any ther class f interrupt. 4.2.3. nstructins Assciated with nterrupt Cntrl The Jump Cnditinal and Jump Return instructins are used t cntrl the prcessing f interrupts f all classes. Table 4-1 lists all the indicatrs; thse assciated with interrupts and used by the Jump Cnditinal and Jump Return instructins are marked with a dagger. 4.2.4. Fixed nterrupt Lcatins Assciated with each class f interrupt, and with each input/utput channel n the UNVAC 1050 System, is a grup f eight cnsecutive character psitins thrugh which cmmunicatin with the interrupt rutines is maintained. The fldut Figure 3-1 n page 3-2 shws the lcatin f these fixed interrupt addresses. * The XF instrucun will be tully explained in the applicable 1050 peripheral subsystem manual.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 4 4 PAGE. The indicatrs in the table belw are divided int tw grups: testable and nntestable. The nn- 0 testable indicatrs (00-31) cause a certain functin t be perfrmed and an uncnditinal jump. The cnditinal jump indicatrs (32-63) are tested and cause a jump nly if the indicatr has been set. 00-31 Uncnditinal Jump t M Address 00 14 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 t*25 t 26 t 27 t28 t*29 t*30 t 31 Uncnditinal Jump Release Operatr nterrupt nhibit and jump Set Operatr nterrupt nhibit and jump Stp, Jump when Cnsle Restart Buttn is depressed Set Tracing Stall and Jump Set Sense ndicatr 1 t 1 and jump Set Sense ndicatr 2 t 1 and jump Set Sense ndicatr 3 t 1 and jump Set Sense ndicatr 1 t 0 and jump Set Sense ndicatr 2 t 0 and jump Set Sense ndicatr 3 t 0 and jump Uncnditinal Jump Release Class 3 nterrupt nhibit and jump Set 1/0 nterrupt nhibit and jump (Class 3) ReleaS1! 1/0 nterrupt nhibit and jump (Class 3) (Resets Prgrammed nhibit Only) Set Decimal Overflw nterrupt nhibit and jump (Class 2) Release Class 2 nterrupt nhibit and jump Release Prcessr Parity r Abnrmal nterrupt nhibit and jump (Class 1) Release Decimal Overflw nterrupt nhibit and jump (Class 2), (Resets Prgrammed nhibit Only) *RESETS the inhibit autmatically generated when the interrupt ccurred. tsee Sectin 4.2.3. Als inquiry typewriter, if preset. Table 4-1. 32-63 Cnditinal Jump Exceptins t cnditinal jump are 32, 41, 42, 48, and 56. The status f the indicatrs is unaltered by the JC and JR instructins except as shwn. 32 (KNO) NOOP 33 (KH ) High These fur indi catrs are affected 34 (KEQ) Equal by the cmparisn instructins: 35 (KUQ) Unequal CC, LC, CD, CB, CT. 36 (KLO) Lw 37 (KZR) Result f last arithmetic peratin was zer 38 (KM) Result f last decimal arithmetic peratin was negative. 39 (KN B) N verflw in las"t add binary peratin r verflw did ccur in the last binary subtract peratin. t40(kdf) Decimal Overflw ccurre"d since last test. f the indicatr is set t 1, reset iu 0 and jump. t 41 Stre ndi catrs 33-40 in Mx memry psitin and prceed t next instructin t 42 Set ndicatrs 33-40 frm Mx memry psitin and prceed t next instructin 43 nput-output status test fund indicatr(s) set t 1 t 44 Test and reset peratr interrupt request t 45 nput-output nterrupt is inhibited (Class 3) 46 Test and reset inquiry typewriter request t 47 Decimal Overflw nterrupt is inhibited (Class 2) 48 StplG t cntrl cunter when cnsle start is depressed, ignre M used fr display. 49 Prcessr Parity and Abnrm~1 nterrupt is inhibited (Class 1) (Manual Switch Only) 50 Sense Switch 1 n cnsle is ON 51 Sense Switch 2 n cnsle is ON 52 Sense Switch 3 n cnsle is ON 53 Sense ndicatr 1 is set (t 1) 54 Sense ndicatr 2 is set (t 1) 55 Sense ndicatr 3 is set (t 1) 56 Skip (n peratin) 57 f Trace ndicatr is set t 1, reset Trace ndi catr and Trace Stall t 0 and jump t 58 Operatr nterrupt is inhibited ndicatr List C)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON: 4 PAGE: 5 (, The frmat f each eight character grup is as fllws: ".J' Character c=r=-a.,:, 1 2 3 "-==r=-: 4 5 6 '.':" 7 :.:".':, 8 ----------- ----------- Cntrl Cunter Strage Address f nterrupt Rutine When an interrupt ccurs, the cntents f the cntrl cunter are stred in the 15 least signifi cant bits f characters 2, 3, and 4; zers are placed in the three mst significant bit psitins f character 2. The 15 least significant bits f characters 6, 7, and 8 are then read int the cntrl cunter. These characters shuld cntain the starting address f the interrupt rutine assciated with the particular fixed interrupt lcatins. The fllwing sequence f events takes place when an interrupt request is accepted: a. The instructin currently being executed by the Central Prcessr is cmpleted. Exceptin: When a Class interrupt ccurs, an ending pulse is immediately generated fr the instructin currently being executed. b. The address f the next instructin in the prgram being interrupted (cntents f the cntrl cunter) is stred in characters 2, 3, and 4 f the fixed lcatins assciated with the channel which initiated the request. c. The 15 least significant bits f characters 6, 7, and 8 (starting address f the interrupt rutine) are read int the cntrl cunter. n additin, a signal is generated which prevents the Central Prcessr frm accepting additinal interrupt requests frm channels f the same r lwer classes. This signal persists until an Autmatic nterrupt nhibit Release instructin fr this class is executed. d. The Central Prcessr des nt recgnize additinal interrupt requests f any kind during the time required t execute steps 2 and 3. Beginning with the cmpletin f step 3, interrupt requests frm higher classes will be accepted. Cntrl is returned t the interrupted prgram by means f the address stred in characters 2, 3, and 4. Char~cter 1 shuld cntain the peratin cde fr a JC instructin, and character 5 shuld cntain the indicatr releasing the autmatic class interrupt inhibit fr the class with which this channel is assciated. With the exceptin f characters 2, 3, and 4 f the area, the area must be preset by the initializing subrutine f each prgram. t shuld be nted that Class and Class interrupts each have a single fixed interrupt area. t is a functin f the Class interrupt rutine t determine whether the interrupt was caused by decimal verflw r by an peratr interrupt request. Class interrupts have eight fixed interrupt areas, ne fr each input/utput channel. Fixed pririties within the class are assigned t each channel t avid cnflict by simultaneus interrupt reques ts. Once an interrupt request has been accepted, hwever, it cannt be interrupted by anther request frm a channel f higher pririty within the same class until an instructin releasing the Autmatic Class nterrupt nhibit has been executed.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 PAGE: 1 c 5. CENTRAL CONSOLE PROCESSOR OPERATON The Central Prcessr Cnsle prvides a cmmunicatin link between the Central Prcessr and the peratr. The cnsle cntains display indicatrs that allw the peratr t determine nrmal and abnrmal cnditins, and t access registers and selected psitins in main strage. n additin, the cnsle cntains switches that allw the peratr t crrect r verride errr cnditins, debug prgrams nline, and manually set sense switches fr prgram use. 5.1. NORMAL OPERA TON 5.1.1. Start Up and Shut Dwn The first peratin necessary is that f turning the UNVAC 1050 System n and shutting the system ff. Tw buttns are used fr system start-up and clse-dwn, SYSTEM ON and SYSTEM OFF. Depressing the SYSTEM ON buttn turns pwer n, the SYSTEM ON buttn will light. When the system is at full perating pwer, the SYSTEM OFF buttn will be extinguished. Depressing the SYSTEM OFF buttn remves pwer frm the peripheral units and the Central Prcessr in an rderly fashin. While this pwer remval sequence is being cmpleted, bth the SYSTEM ON and SYSTEM OFF buttns will be lit. After cmpletin, the SYSTEM ON buttn will be extinguished. 5.1.2. Prgram Start and Prgram Stp Depressin f the PROGRAM START buttn will illuminate the PROGRAM START buttn, extinguish the PARTY errr indicatr, and PROGRAM STOP buttn; and will permit the prcessr t prceed under cntrl f the mde buttns. Depressin f the PROGRAM STOP buttn, r a prgrammed halt, will illuminate the PROGRAM STOP buttn and extinguish the PROGRAM START buttn. The prcessr will halt after cmpleting the instructin in prgress. nput/output rders in prgress will be cmpleted; interrupt requests will be stred, unless inhibited. f neither the PROGRAM START buttn nr the PROGRAM STOP buttn is lit, the prcessr is in a stall cnditin. 5.1.3. Operating Mde The six mutually exclusive mde cntrl switches are used t cntrl the peratin f the prcessr in cnjunctin with the PROGRAM START buttn.
-~~~~-~'-~---'--~-----~-----~-----~--.----------- UNVAC 1060 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 PAGE: 2 5.2. PANEL CONTROLS AND NDCATORS a. Switch/ndicatrs All Switch/ndicatrs Are Mmentary Actin Switches. DESGNATON DESCRPTON SYSTEM ON (Green) Turns system n. Lights when depressed; extinguishes when SYSTEM OFF indicatr is depressed. ' SYSTEM OFF (Red) Turns system ff. Lights when depressed; extinguishes when SYSTEM ON switch is depressed. CLEAR General clear f testable indicatrs, cunters, and stred interrupts; and initiates a cnsle lamp test. (White) Lights when depressed; extinguishes when released. PROC Lights when a secnd parity errr is recgnized and a previus parity errr has nt ABNORMAL (Red) been cleared. Depressing this buttn when illuminated turns it ff, but des nt clear the parity errr. May als be n due t maintenance peratins. PARTY ndicatr nly. (Yellw) Lights when a parity errr is detected in a character read frm strage. Parity errrs cause an immediate prcessr halt. (See Sectin 5.3.4 n hw t clear a parity errr). CLASS NHBTED (Yellw) OVERFLOW NHBTED (Yellw) ndicatr nly. Lights when a Class nterrupt nhibit is stred; extinguishes when the inhibit is released by the prgram. ndicatr nly. Lights when a Decimal Overflw nterrupt nhibit is set. Extinguishes when the inhibit is cleared by the prgram. CHANNEL ABNORMAL 0-7 (8 Red) Lights when fault develps in crrespnding 110 channel. Extinguish by clearing errr at peripheral unit and then depressing switch. SENSE Lights when depressed; extinguishes when depressed again. 123 Used in cnjunctin with prgrammed tests and prgram perating instructins. (3 White) OPERATOR 1 REQUEST (White) Lights under prgram cntrl. Can be depressed when illuminated t stp prgram by causing a Class interrupt. Depressing the OPERATOR REQUEST buttn when extinguished has n effect. Table 5-7. Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptin
"... _- ---------------.----- ------ - UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 3 PAGE, DESGNATON NEXT NSTRUCTON DESCRPTON M Directs prcessr t M prtin f the current instructin. (White) Lights when depressed r under prgram cntrl; cntrl is transferred t the M prtin f the current instructin. Extinguishes when CC switch is depressed r under prgram cntrl. CC Frces the prcessr t btain the next instructin frm the address in the cntrl (White) cunter; that is, it verrides a jump instructin. Lights when depressed r under prgram cntrl. Extinguishes when M switch is depressed r under prgram cntrl. Either the M r the CC buttn will always be illuminated. Nte: Durin~ peratin in the cntinuus mde, the Next nstructin switch/indicatr will light accrdin~ t the instructin sequence and dependin~ n the result f pr~rammed tests and cmparisns. Cnsequently, these buttns shuld nt be depressed durin~ cntinuus peratins. Din~ s culd frce an incrrect instructin sequence. PROGRAM START (Green) PROGRAM STOP (Red) J Lights when depressed. Depressing when extinguished initiates executin f prgram under cntrl f Mde switches. This indicatr may flash n and ff rapidly during the executin f a lng instructin, but this shuld be ignred unless light stays ff fr lnger than a few secnds. Lights when depressed r when prgram stps. Extinguishes when PROGRAM START switch is depressed. When bth PROGRAM START and PROGRAM STOP buttns extinguish and will nt illuminate, prcessr is stalled. Depress ONE NST Mde and PROGRAM START buttns. DSPLAY When depressed causes the cntents f the strage lcatin represented in the M (White) prtin f the Display/Alter switches t be displayed in lights in the C prtin. Lights when depressed. Extinguishes when released. ALTER When depressed causes the character represented by the setting f the C alter (White) switches t be stred int the address specified in the M prtin f the Display/ Alter switches. Lights when depressed. Extinguishes when released. Table 5-1. Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptins (cntinued)
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PRDCESSOR SECTON: 5 PAGE: 4 b. lluminating Pushbuttns Depress T Set; Depress T Release; Lights When Depressed. 0,,. DESGNA TON DESCRPTON MODE LOAD CARD LOAD TAPE ONE CYCLE ONE NSTR. CONT DSPLAY/AL TER SELECTON Ql Q2 CC NST. OP/CH The MODE push buttns perate ne at a time. One f these buttns must be i luminated at all times. When depressed and illuminated, depressing the PROGRAM START buttn causes ne card t be read frm the reader int ctal lcatin 400. Depressing PROGRAM START again, with the CONTinuus mde buttn depressed, causes cntrl t be transferred t ctal lcatin 400, when UNVAC standard cde cards are used. When depressed and illuminated, depressing the PROGRAM START buttn will cause ne blck f tape t be read frm lgical tape unit 0 int strage starting at ctal lcatin 400. Changing t the cntinuus mde and depressing PROGRAM START immediately after, will transfer cntrl t this lcatin. When depressed and illuminated, depress ing the PROGRAM START buttn wi cause instructins t be executed ne instructin cycle at a time. This mde is generally used by UNVAC Field Engineering persnnel nly. When depressed and illuminated, depressing the PROGRAM START buttn will cause ne instructin t be executed and the next instructin accessed. When set and the PROGRAM START switch is depressed, a prgram will run in the nrmally used cntinuus mde. n rder t display r alter the cntents f strage the Display/Alter Selectin buttns are used in cnjunctin with the display lights and alter switches. The functins f the Display/Alter Selectin buttns are as fllws: When set, these buttns display internal registers and indicatrs n the cntrl cnsle. They are primarily fr UNVAC Field Engineering use. When set, the cntents f the cntrl cunter are displayed in the M prtin f the display lights. When set, the cntents f the instructin register (the next instructin t be executed) are displayed in the 30 display lights.. When set, the entire instructin is displayed but nly the peratin cde and. the channel (index register) designatin prtins f the instructin register are alterable.. M C When set, the entire instructin is displayed but nly the perand address (M prtin) f the instructin register is alterable. When set, the entire instructin register is displayed but nly the C prtin (detail field) f the instructin register is alterable. MEM SEQ When set, it causes the cntents f the strage lcatin specified by the Malter switches t be displayed when the DSPLAY switch is depressed, and altered when the ALTER switch is depressed. When set, it is used in cnjunctin with the ALTER r DSPLAY switch t display r alter the cntents f sequential memry lcatins. Tbe 5.1. Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptins (cntinued)
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 PAGE. 5 C ',,.,.,.i DESGNATON DESCRPTON TRACE MODE OP CC SWitches OP, CC, PROC, WRTE, and /O perate ne at a time; TRACE STOP may be used with anyne f the five Trace Mde switches. f TRACE STOP is nt used, a prgram testable indicatr is set. When set with TRACE STOP, the cmputer will stp when the prgram peratin cde matches the settings f the five mst-significant-digit alter switches (OP prtin f the tp rw f indicatrs). When set with TRACE STOP, the cmputer will stp when the cntents f the cntrl cunter match the settings f the Trace Address switches. PROC WRTE /O When set with TRACE STOP, the cmputer stps when an perand address matches the settings f the Trace Address switches. When set with TRACE STOP, the cmputer stps when a character is t be written int an address lcatin which matches the settings f the Trace Address switches. When set with TRACE STOP, the cmputer will stp when a cntrl unit reference t a strage address matches the settings f the Trace Address switches. TRACE STOP When set, the prgram stps at a specified lcatin if ne f Trace Mde switches is als set. c. Tggle Switches ALTER SWTCHES TRACE ADDRESS Nt labeled as such; they are the rw f 30 switches immediately belw the cntrl indicatrs in grups labeled OP, CH, M, and C. They are tw-psitin tggle switches with up and center psitins nly: a switch in the up psitin represents a binary 1; in the center psitin, a binary O. A binary pattern can be stred in these switches; this pattern can then be used t alter the area f the prcessr that is designated by th e Display/Alter electin pushbuttns. Alteratin ccurs nly when the DSPLAY r ALTER switches ar e depressed. SiXteen three-psitin tggle switches which crrespnd t the M prtin f the instructin: up represents a binary 1; dwn represents a binary 0; the center psitin is either a 1 r a 0 and will cmpare with bth. Fr example, a switch pattern f up dwn middle will trace either 101 r 100. The trace address psitins crrespnd t parts f the instructin and are repeatedly cmpared t the instructin fr equality. f equality is detected and ne f the Trace Mde pushbuttns is depressed, an indicatr is set; if the TRACE STOP buttn is als depressed the prgram stps. Table 5-1. Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptins (cntinued) c
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 PAQE: 6 d. Rtary Switches DESGNA TON DESCRPTON CLASS S N y-.{ Three-psitin rtary switch; used fr manual cntrl f Class interrupts. Psitins are: S - STALL N - NORMAL - NHBT n the STALL psitin the prcessr stps each time a parity errr is detected. t is restarted by depressing PROGRAM START. n the NORMAL psitin interrupt requests are prcessed thrugh the interrupt entry channel. The prcessr will nt stall unless anther Class interrupt ccurs while in the interrupt mde. n the NHBT psitin Class interrupts are ignred. Hwever, it is recmmended that the prgram stp n a Class interrupt since recvery withut peratr interventin is nt specified. OF S N 7 CLASS N )--.,.! Operates same as abve but fr Class interrupts: Overflw (0 F), imprper divisin, peratr request. Operates same as abve but fr Class interrupts.* * See Sectin 4 tr a cmplete descriptin t Class,, and interrupts. Table 5-7. Cntrl Cnsle Switch and ndicatr Descriptins (cntinued)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON. 5 PAGE. 7 C' 5.3. PROGRAM DEBUGGNG AND TESTNG 5.3.1. Use f Display Lights and Switches The 30 display lights and crrespnding tggle switches at the tp f the cnsle are a primary means f cmmunicatin between the peratr and a running prgram. These lights and switches must be read as ctal numbers. T d this they are interpreted in grups f three binary digits. A binary digit, r bit, can have a value f either 0 r 1; in this case, an illuminated (n) display light represents a 1, while an extinguished (ff) display light represents a O. Similarly, an ctal digit can have a value frm 0 t 7, and any ctal digit can be represented by three binary bits. The bit patterns, r grups f display lights, representing all the ctal digits are as fllws: Octal Number Bit Pattern 0 000 1 001 2 010 3 011 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 By interpreting the 30 display lights as 10 grups f three each, any display can be read as 10 ctal digits. The setting f the Display/Alter Select buttns at the middle f the cnsle determi nes what will be displayed in the 30 lights. Nrmally, the lnst Display/Alter Select buttn remains depressed s an entire 30-bit instructin will be displayed. Varius prtins f the instructin are delimited by the labels n the cnsle between the display lights and their crrespnding switches. The first five bits n the left cmprise the peratin cde;* the next three bits are the channel number r index register used, if any; the next sixteen bits specify the strage address referred t; and the final six bits n the right cmprise the detail field f the instructin. When the cmputer cmes t a prgrammed display stp, the instructin OP cde will always be 30, and the detail field will always be 60 r 20; when the detail is 20 a blank is displayed. The cnfiguratin displayed in the M prtin f the instructin is the "message" fr that stp, and ~huld be explained in the perating instructins fr the run being executed. Display stps are usually defined nly in terms f this M prtin; the OP cde f 30 and detail f 60 being understd. Cnsequently, a stp f 3007000160 wuld prbably be written as stp 070001. 5.3.1.1. Display Cntents f a Strage Lcatin a. Set the address f the lcatin t be displayed in the M prtin f the alter switches. b. Depress the MEM Display/Alter Selectin buttn. c. Depress the DSPLAY buttn. d. The cntents f the selected strage lcatin will be displayed in the six rightmst display lights (abve the C ntatin n the cnsle), and the address f the lcatin displayed +1 will appear in the M display lights. * When readins the OP cde, a sijcth least sisnificant bit, which is always zer, is implied. As a result all ctal OP cdes are even numbers.
---------------------------------- ---- UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 8 PAGE: f sequential strage lcatins are t be displayed, the abve prcedure shuld be fllwed t display the first character. Then, t display subsequent lcatins O'c'} (1) Depress the SEQ Display/Alter Selectin buttn. (2) Depress the DSPLAY buttn t display the next lcatin. Every time the DSPLAY buttn is nw depressed, the M address will be increased by ne, and the cntents f Lcatin M-l will be displayed in the C lights. 5.3.1.2. Altering the Cntents f Strage a. Depress the MEM Display/Alter Selectin buttn. b. Set the address f the memry lcatin t be altered in the M alter switches. c. Set the bit cnfiguratin f the character t be stred int this lcatin in the six C alter switches. d. Depress the ALTER buttn. The prcedure fr altering sequential lcatins is analgus t that fr displaying them a. Alter the first lcatin as utlined abve. b. Depress the SEQ Display! Alter Selectin buttn. c. Set the new bit cnfiguratin t be stred in the next character lcatin in the six C alter switches. d. Depress the AL TER buttn. e. Steps 3 and 4 shuid be repeated until all sequential character lcatins have been altered. 5.3.1.3. Altering the Next nstructin T alter the instructin register (as displayed in the lights) the prcedure is the same as that fr altering the cntents f strage except that the NST, OP/CH, M, r C Display/Alter Selectin buttns may be used in place f the MEM and SEQ buttns. 5.3.1.4. Manual nstructin Executin Althugh the CONTinuus Mde is the nrmal perating mde, during prgram testing it may ccasinally be mre desirable t execute ne instructin at a time in rder t fllw the exact path taken in a particular phase f prcessing. This is accmplished by using the ONE NSTructin Mde buttn. When perating in this mde, the NST Display/Alter Selectin buttn usually remains depressed, but the CC buttn may als be used t display the cntents f the cntrl cunter, thereby determining the lcatin within the prgram f the instructin fllwing the ne abut t be executed.
UNVAC 10150 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR SECTON. 5 PAGE: 9 c: With the NST Display/Alter Select buttn depressed, peratin in the ne instructin mde will cause a single instructin t be executed each time the PROGRAM START buttn is depressed. The instructin displayed is always the next instructin t be executed; a subsequent push f the PROGRAM START buttn will cause this instructin t be executed and display the next ne in the 30 display lights. f the CC Display/ Alter Select buttn is depressed, the address f the next instructin in sequence, fllwing the ne displayed by pushing the NST buttn, will appear in the 16 lights f the M prtin f the display. Nte that the instructin specified by the address in the cntrl cunter is nt always the next instructin t be executed. A jump r cnditinal jump instructin may cause a different path t be taken. 5.3.1.5. Next nstructin Switches Depressin f the M buttn inserts binary zers in the C prtin f the instructin "register. Depressin f the CC buttn, when the prcessr is stpped, will frce a Jump Cnditinal instructin int the instructin register. The fllwing parts f the instructin wrd are affected: a. The peratin cde is staticized t Jump Cnditinal. b. The C prtin is changed t a value that initiates the uncnditinal skip assciated with the Jump Cnditinal peratin cde. When the prcessr is restarted, the new instructin will be perfrmed. n this manner, any instructin may be skipped. f a Jump Cnditinal r Jump Return instructin is staticized, and the prcessr is stpped, depressing the M buttn will frce the prcessr t take its next instructin frm the address in the M prtin. n this manner, any jump instructin may be frced t fllw the M path. Thus, if the M Next nstructin buttn is illuminated when a Jump Cnditinal instructin is being displayed, the cnditin tested fr has been met. The next instructin t be executed is at the address specified in the M prtin f the display lights. f the CC Next nstructin buttn is illuminated, the next instructin t be executed is the ne fllwing the jump instructin. ts address may be displayed by pushing the CC Display/Alter Select buttn. 5.3.1.6. Altering nstructin Sequence The sequence f prgram instructins may be altered by using the Next nstructin switch/indicatrs. f a prgrammed cmparisn has been made, and the M buttn light is lit alng with the Jump Cnditinal instructin display, it may be desirable t see what wuld happen if the prgram wuld take the ther path. This may be dne by depressing the CC buttn t illuminate it, and depressing the PROGRAM START buttn t execute the next instructin (which is nw the ne specified by the cntrl cunter). This prcedure des nt in any way alter the cntents f strage; the next time these instructins are executed, they will be unchanged. Any instructin (with the exceptin f Jump Lp, in which the cntrl cunter is nly incremented by fur instead f five) may be executed manually while the cmputer is in the ne instructin mde. The fllwing prcedure must be fllwed: a. Depress the CC Display/ Alter Selectin buttn t btain the value f the cntrl cunter, if this value must be recrded fr later use. ( ~../ b. Depress the NST Display/Alter Select buttn
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSDR SECTON. 5 PAGE. 10 c. Set the bit cnfiguratin f the instructin t be executed in the 30 alter switches. d. Depress the ALTER buttn. The new instructin will be displayed. e. Depress the PROGRAM START buttn. f. The cmputer will execute the new instructin and stp. displaying the next instructin t be executed. The.new cntents f the cntrl cunter may be displayed by depressing the CC Display/Alter Selectin buttn. Strage has nt been altered; the next time this sequence f instructins is t be executed, the riginal instructins will be perfrmed. 5.3.1.7. Tracing Frequently during prgram executin, and especially during prgram testing, it is desirable t search (Trace) thrugh the running prgram fr a particular instructin, lcatin r peratin. This is accmplished thrugh the Trace Mde buttns and Trace Address switches. The Trace Mde buttns are used t specify the type f trace being perfrmed. The TRACE STOP buttn must be depressed in rder t stp the cmputer if the traced value sught is fund. Hwever, whether r nt the TRACE STOP buttn is depressed, a prgram-testable indicatr is set when the trace cnditins are met. f the trace is n a particular address, the value f that address must be set in the Trace Address tggle switches. These are three-psitin switches in which the dwn psitin indicates a 0, the up psitin indicates a 1, and the middle psitin can stand fr either ne. This latter feature enables tracing n several addresses at nce. The five Trace Mde buttns and their uses are described in sectin b. f Table 5-1. 5.3.2. Errr ndicatrs There are tw types f Central Prcessr errrs that will cause an interrupt: a Class interrupt, which is a parity errr in a character read frm strage, and a Class inter11lpt (decimal verflw), caused by imprper divisin r t great a carry in decimal additin. A Class interrupt is a nrmal interrupt f central prcessr peratin that allws fr the cmpletin f input/utput functins in the peripheral units. This class f interrupt, as well as Class decimal verflw interrupt, may be permitted r inhibited by prgram instructins. f either type f interrupt is inhibited during a running prgram, the assciated indicatr will light. (During the peratin f mst prgrams, these lights may be seen flickering n and ff.) All three classes f interrupt may be inhibited manually by setting the rtary switches at the bttm f the cnsle t (inhibit), hwever this setting is nt recmmended t anyne except UNVAC Field Engineering persnnel. Errrs that ccur in the peripheral units will be indicated by a red light n the apprpriate Channel Abnrmal switch/indicatr. Each input/utput device is assigned ne f the Central Prcessr's eight /O channels.
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 PAGE. 11 c The fllwing are the standard channel assignments: Channel 0 - Printer Channell - Card Reader Channel 2 - Card Punch Channel 3 - Cmmunicatins Channel 4 - Tape Read Channel 5 - Tape Write Channel 6 - FASTRAND Channel 7 - Unassigned f a red Channel Abnrmal light ges n, the peratr shuld check the unites) assciated with that channel fr errr cnditins and clear them befre attempting t cntinue the run. Clearing the errr at the peripheral lcatin will usually cause the errr light n the cnsle t g ut, and prgram peratin can be resumed. All standard UNVAC 1050 sftware rutines have display stps in them which will ccur simultaneusly with a channel abnrmal errr stp t indicate the nature f the prblem in the peripheral unit. (Fr detailed descriptins f these stps, refer t the sftware rutine's perating instructins.) 5.3.3. Sense Switches and Operatr Request mmediately abve the five Mde buttns in the lwer right-hand prtin f the cnsle is a rw f fur switch/indicatrs. The leftmst three are Sense switches, which may be used by prgrams t determine ne amng alternative curses f actin (fr example, t prduce ut put in punched card frmat rather than a printed listing). The use f Sense switches fr any given prgram shuld be utlined in the perating instructins fr that prgram. f n mentin is made f Sense switches in the perating instructins, it is understd that they shuld all be ff (light extinguished). The OPERATOR REQUEST buttan.can be depressed when illuminated t interrupt a running prgram. Operatr request is anther frm f Class prgram interrupt. Fr tape systems running under the Executive Rutine, depressing this buttn causes a unique display stp at which ne f several curses f actin may be selected. (Fr a detailed discussin f these alternatives, see the tape system sftware perating instructins.)
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS SECTON: 5 12 PAGE. Gi '0.. c: 0 LJ.. 0.. G.. u 0 0.. Ē c: G LJ...:.;.... G ::> 01 LL C' c
... -~---... -.. -'.. -~-.-- UNVAC 10eO SYSTEMS Appendix A SECTON. PAGE. 1 c APPENDX A. OCTAL-DECMAL CONVERSON TABLE C: OCTAL 0000 t 0777 DECMAL 0000 t 0511 0000 0010 0020 0030 0040 0050 0060 0070 0100 0...... 2 3 4 5 6 7 :.. 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006 0007.. 0010 0011 0012 0013 0014 0015. 0018 0019 0020 0021 0022 0023 ' 0025 0026 0027 0028 0029 0030 0031 0033 0034 0035 0036 0037 0038 0039 ' 0041 0042 0043 0044 0045 0046 0047 0048 0049 0050 0051 0052 0053 0054 0055 0056 0057 0058 0059 0060 0061 0062 0063 0064 0065 0066 0067 0068 0069 0070 0071 0072 0073 0074 0075 0076 0077 0078 0079 H~ 0080 0081 0082 0083 0084 0085 0086 0087 0088 0089 0090 0091 0092 0093 0094 0095 -...-...-- 0096 0097 0098 0099 0100 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 0106 0107 0108 0109 0110 0111 0112 0113 0114 0115 0116 0117 0118 0119 0120 0121 0122 0123 0124 0125 0126 0127 0128 0129 0130 0131 0132 0133 0134 0135 0136 0137 0138 0139 0140 0141 0142 0143 0144 0145 0146 0147 0148 0149 0150 0151 0152 0153 0154 0155 0156 0157 0158 0159 0160 0161 0162 0163 0164 0165 0166 0167 0168 0169 0170 0171 0172 0173 0174 0175 0176 0177 0178 0179 0180 0181 0182 0183 0184 0185 0186 0187 0188 0189 0190 0191 ~ 0192 0193 0194 0195 0196 0197 0198 0199 0200 0201 0202 0203 0204 0205 0206 0207 0320 0208 0209 0210 0211 0212 0213 0214 0215 0330 0216 0217 0218 0219 0220 0221 0222 0223 0340 0224 0225 0226 0227 0228 0229 0230 0231 0350 0232 0233 0234 0235 0236 0237 0238 0239 0360 0240 0241 0242 0243 0244 0245 0246 0247 0370 0248 0249 0250 0251 0252 0253 0254 0255 0400 0258 0259 0260 0261 0262 0263 0410 0420 0430 0440 0450 0460 0470 0500 0510 0520 0530 0540 0550 0560 0570 0600 0610 0620 0630 0640 0650 0660 0670 0700 0710 0720 0730 0740 0750 0760 0770 0264 0265 0266 0267 0268 0269 0270 0271 0272 0273 0274 0275 0276 0277 0278 0279 0280 0281 0282 0283 0284 0285 0286 0287 0288 0289 0290 0291 0292 0293 0294 0295 0296 0297 0298 0299 0300 0301 0302 0303 0304 0305 0306 0307 0308 0309 0310 0311 0312 0313 0314 0315 0316 0317 0318 0319 0320 0321 0322 0323 0324 0325 0326 0327 0328 0329 0330 0331 0332 0333 0334 0335 0336 0337 0338 0339 0340 0341 0342 0343 0344 0345 0346 0347 0348 0349 0350 0351 0352 0353 0354 0355 0356 0357 0358 0359 0360 0361 0362 0363 0364 0365 0366 0367 0368 0369 0370 0371 0372 0373 0374 0375 0376 0377 0378 0379 0380 0381 0382 0383 0384 0385 0386 0387 0388 0389 0390 0391 0392 0393 0394 0395 0396 0397 0398 0399 0400 0401 0402 0403 0404 0405 0406 0407 0408 0409 0410 0411 0412 0413 0414 0415 0416 0417 0418 0419 0420 0421 0422 0423 0424 0425 0426 0427 0428 0429 0430 0431 0432 0433 0434 0435 0436 0437 0438 0439 0440 0441 0442 0443 0444 0445 0446 0447 0448 0449 0450 0451 0452 0453 0454 0455 0456 0457 0458 0459 0460 0461 0462 0463 0464 0465 0466 0467 0468 0469 0470 0471 0472 0473 0474 0475 0476 0477 0478 0479 0480 0481 0482 0483 0484 0485 0486 0487 0488 0489 0490 0491 0492 0493 0494 0495 0496 0497 0498 0499 0500 0501 0502 0503 0504 0505 0506 0507 0508 0509 0510 0511 OCTAL 1000~1777 DECMAL 0512 t 1023 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1300 1310 1320. 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 0512 0513 0514 0515 0516 0517 0518 0519 0520 0521 0522 0523 0524 0525 0526 0527 0528 0529 0530 0531 0532 0533 0534 0535 0536 0537 0538 0539 0540 0541 0542 0543 0544 0545 0546 0547 0548 0549 0550 0551 0552 0553 0554 0555 0556 0557 0558 0559 0560 0561 0562 0563 0564 0565 0566 0567 0568 0569 0570 0571 0572 0573 0574 0575 0576 0577 0578 0579 0580 0581 0582 0583 0584 0585 0586 0587 0588 0589 0590 0591 0592 0593 0594 0595 0596 0597 0598 0599 0600 0601 0602 0603 0604 0605 0606 0607 0608 0609 0610 0611 0612 0613 0614 0615 0616 0617 0618 0619 0620 0621 0622 0623 0624 0625 0626 0627 0628 0629 0630 0631 0632 0633 0634 0635 0636 0637 0638 0639 0640 0641 0642 0643 0644 0645 0646 0647 0648 0649 0650 0651 0652 0653 0654 0655 0656 0657 0658 0659 0660 0661 0662 0663 0664 0665 0666 0667 0668 0669 0670 0671 0672 0673 0674 0675 0676 0677 0678 0679 0680 0681 0682 0683 0684 0685 0686 0687 0688 0689 0690 0691 0692 0693 0694 0695 0696 0697 0698 0699 0700 0701 0702 0703 0704 0705 0706 0707 0708 0709 0710 0711 0712 0713 0714 0715 0716 0717 07i8 0719 0720 0721 0722 0723 0724 0725 0726 0727 0728 0729 0730 0731 0732 0733 0734 0735 0736 0737 0738 0739 0740 0741 0742 0743 0744 0745 0746 0747 0748 0749 0750 0751 0752 0753 0754 0755 0756 0757 0758 0759 0760 0761 0762 0763 0764 0765 0766 0767 0768 0769 0770 0771 0772 0773 0774 0775 0776 0777 0778 0779 0780 0781 0782 0783 0784 0785 0786 0787 0788 0789 0790 0791 0792 0793 0794 0795 0796 0797 0798 0799 0800 0801 0802 0803 0804 0805 0806 0807 0808 0809 0810 0811 0812 0813 0814 0815 0816 0817 0818 0819 0820 0821 0822 0823 0824 0825 0826 0827 0828 0829 0830 0831 0832 0833 0834 0835 0836 0837 0838 0839 0840 0841 0842 0843 0844 0845 0846 0847 0848 0849 0850 0851 0852 0853 0854 0855 0856 0857 0858 0859 0860 0861 0862 0863 0864 0865 0866 0867 0868 0869 0870 0871 087.2 0873 0874 0875 0876 0877 0878 0879 0880 0881 0882 0883 0884 0885 0886 0887 0888 0889 0890 0891 0892 0893 0894 0895 0896 0897 0898 0899 0900 0901 0902 0903 0904 0905 0906 0907 0908 0909 0910 0911 0912 0913 0914 0915 0916 0917 0918 0919 0920 0921 0922 0923 0924 0925 0926 0927 0928 09290930 0931 0932 0933 0934 0935 0936 0937 0938 0939 0940 0941 0942 0943 0944 0945 0946 0947 0948 0949 0950 0951 0952 0953 0954 0955 0956 0957 0958 0959 0962 0963 0964 0965 0966 0967 0968 0969 0970 0971 0972 0973 0974 0975 0976 0977 0978 0979 0980 0981 0982 0983 0984 0985 0986 0987 0988 0989 0990 0991 0992 0993 0994 0995 0996 0997 0998 0999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023
... -...-...--.. ~-.. UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS Appendix A 2 SECTON: PAQE: OCTAL 2000~2777 DECMAL 1024 t 1535 OCTAL 3000 t 3777 DECMAL 1536 t 2047 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 2000 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1031 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 2010 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1.037 1039 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 2020 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1047 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 2030 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1055 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 2040 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1063 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 2050 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1071 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 2060 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1079 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 2070 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 2100 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 2110 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 2120 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 2130 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1624 1625 1626 1627.1628 1629 1630 1631 2140 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 2150 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 2160 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 2170 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 2200 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 2210 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 2220 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 2230 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 2240 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 2250 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 2260 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 2270 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 124Q 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 C\ 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1.983 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047 C
UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR Appendix A 3 SECTON. P"GE. (~') 0 OCTAL 4000 t 4777 DECMAL 2048 t 2559 OCTAL 5000~5777 DECMAL 2560 t 3071 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 4000 ~ : 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2'055 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 4010,. 2057 2058 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 4020. 2065 2066 2067 ' 2068 2069 2070 2071 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 4030 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 4040 :, 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 2086 2087 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 4050... 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 4060 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 4070 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2617 2618 2619 2620 262i 2622 2623 4100 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 4110 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 4120 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 4130 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 4140 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 4150 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 4160 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 4170 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 4200 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2688 2689 2690 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 4210.. : ' 2185 2186 2187 2188 2189 2190 2191 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 4220 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 2198 2199 2704 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 4230 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 4240 : 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 4250 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2728 2729 2730 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 4260 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 4270 2233 2234 2235 2236 2237 2238 2239 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 2751 4300 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 4310 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2768 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838. 2839 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373.2374 2375 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468 2469 2470 2471 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 2488 24890 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 2505 2506 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 3016 3017 '3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 3032 3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 2552 2553.2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071
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UNVAC 1050 SYSTEMS CENTRAL PROCESSOR Appendix A SECTON: PAGE: 4 OCTAL 6000 t 6177 DECMAL 3072 t 3583 OCTAL 7000 t 7177 DECMAL 3584 t 4095 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 6000 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3585 3586 3587 3588 3589 3590 3591 6010 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 6020 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 6030 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3609 3610 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 6040 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 6050 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3624 3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3630 3631 6060 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3632 3633 3634 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 6070 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 6100 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 6110 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3656 3657 3658 3659 3660 3661 3662 3663 6120 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 6130 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677 3678 3679 6140 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3680 3681 3682 3683 3684 3685 3686 3687 6150 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3688 3689 3690 3691 3692 3693 3694 3695 6160 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 6170 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3704 3705 3706 3707 3708 3709 3710 3711 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3713 3714 3715 3716 3717 3718 3719 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3721 3722 3723 3724 3725 3726 3727 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3737 3738 3739 3740 3741 3742 3743 3232 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3745 3746 3747 3748 3749 3750 3751 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3248 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767 3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3769 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3785 3786 3787 3788 3789 3790 3791 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3793 3794 3795 3796 3797 3798 3799 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3801 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3296 3297 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3822 3823 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 3319 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3833 3834 3835 3836 3837 3838 3839 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3841 3842 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3864 3865 3866 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3880 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3886 3887 3376 3377 3378 3379 3380 3381 3382 3383 3888 3889 3890 3891 3892 3893 3894 3895 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3896 3897 3898 3899 3900 3901 3902 3903 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908 3909 3910 3911 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 3912 3913 3914 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3920 3921 3922 3923 3924 3925 3926 3927 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3928 3929 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 3943 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3437 3438 3439 3944 3945 3946 3947 3948 3949 3950 3951 3440 3441 3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3952 3953 3954 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3456 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 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