第 15 课生日晚会 (Lesson 15 Birthday Party) 一. 词语说源 (Origin of vocabulary) 聪明 :(bright; intelligent; clever) 王朋又聪明又用功 聪明 一词是从成语 耳聪目明 压缩而来的 本来, 聪 指的是听力好, 明 指的是视力好 现在, 人们多用 聪明 一词来表示脑子好, 想事情很快 (The vocabulary 聪明 is an abbreviation of the 成语 (idiom) 耳聪目明. Originally, 聪 meant good hearing while 明 meant good eyesight. Now, people mostly use the phrase 聪明 to represent a clever mind with a quick thinking.) 问题 :(Question:) 请写出一个部首是 耳 的字 (Please write a character with 耳 as its radical.) 二. 强化形声字 ( 英文 ) 鼻 :(nose) 自鼻 自 是一个象形字, 是鼻子的象形, 本来就是 鼻子 的意思 由于古人在说自己时有用手指指鼻子的习惯, 后来, 自 被借走表示抽象的代词 ( 自己 ) 为了减少使用时意义的混淆, 于是就新造了 鼻 字来表示 鼻子 的意思 鼻 字是在 自 的基础上加上声旁 畀 组成的形声字 自 已经有 鼻子 的意思, 声旁 畀 起再次强化的作用 这样的形声字叫做 强化形声
字 ( 自 is a pictographic character with the figure a nose. The word originally meant 鼻子 because of the ancient tradition of pointing to one s own nose when talking about oneself. Later, the character 自 is borrowed to represent the pronoun 自己. To avoid confusion of these two characters usage, 鼻 is created to with the meaning of 鼻子. The phonetic character 鼻 is created by the addition of the phonetic component 畀 to the foundation of 自. Since 自 already has the meaning of 鼻子, the phonetic component 畀 has the function of emphasis. These type of phonetic characters are called 强化形声字 (emphasized phonetic character).) 三. 给下列汉字各加上一个笔画, 变成新的汉字 (Add one stroke the following characters to create a new one.) 帅 心 日 住 米 木 牛 头 四. 声调 (Tones) 汉语有四个声调, 称作四声 另外还有一种轻声, 读得又轻又短 这些调子和声母 韵母一起组成区别音节的三要素 如果声调不同, 即使声母 韵母完全相同, 也不是相同的音节 (Chinese characters have four tones, called 四声 (four-sounds). In addition there is a light tone, read very light and short. These tones, along with consonants and vowels, are the three important components that construct and distinguish sound. Even if the consonants and the vowels are exactly the same, different tone will give two different syllable.) 问题 :(Question:) 请给下列各组汉字注音, 组词 (Please write the Pinyin of the following characters and make a compound for each.) 接 : 借 : 介 : 班 : 半 : 办 : 常 : 场 : 唱 :
应 : 英 : 影 : 五. 请给下面的多音字注音, 组词 (Please write the Pinyins of the following characters and make a compound for each pinyin of each character.) 长 还 好 觉 六. 请找出下面形声字的声旁, 写出一个有相同声旁的形声字 ; 并给前后两个形 声字加注拼音 (Please find the phonetic component for the following phonetic characters. Write another character with the same phonetic component and add pinyin for both.) 验 :( ); ; ( ) 汁 :( ); ; ( ) 该 :( ); ; ( ) 钢 :( ); ; ( ) 狗 :( ); ; ( )
七. 根据图式写出合适的词 (Write the appropriate word for each of the picture) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
* 每课一个部首 (* A radical for each lesson) 月 ( 肉 ):(meat) 肉 是一个象形字 其中的 仌 描摹的是肉的纹理 肉 可以用作部首, 有时变形作 月, 与 月 (yue) 极其相似, 很容易混淆 不过, 以 月 ( 肉 ) 作部首的字意义多与人体或动物的肉有关, 以 月 作部首的字意义多与时间或明亮有关 我们可以根据汉字的意思来判断它们的部首到底是 月 ( 肉 ) 还是 月 (yue) ( 肉 is a 象形字 The 仌 in the center is the figure of lines and veins in the meat. 肉 can be used as a radical and is sometimes transformed as 月,which is very similar to 月 (yue)and easily to be confused with. However, characters with 月 ( 肉 ) as the radical usually have meanings associated with body or meat, whereas those with the radical 月 are mostly associated with time or light. We can judge the radical based on the context and meaning of the character and tell if it is really 月 ( 肉 ) or 月 (yue) ) 问题 : 下列汉字中的 月 是 肉 还是 月 (yue)?(which radical is used for the following characters?) 脸 : 期 : 腿 : 明 : * 画谜 (Picture Riddle) 根据图画猜一个汉字 (Guess a character based on the picture.)