Language: GENERAL STANDARD 1: Discussion* Students will use agreed-upon rules for informal and formal discussions in small and large groups. 1.6: Drawing on one of the widely used professional evaluation forms for group discussion, evaluate how well participants engage in discussions at a local meeting. GENERAL STANDARD 2: Questioning, Listening, and Contributing* SE/TE: For related content see: Evaluation form (Communications Workshop), 197, 449, 677; also see: Speaking and Listening: Discussion, small group, 224, 361, 476, 897, 1185, 1292 Students will pose questions, listen to the ideas of others, and contribute their own information or ideas in group discussions or interviews in order to acquire new knowledge. 2.6: Analyze differences in responses to focused group discussion in an organized and systematic way. GENERAL STANDARD 3: Oral Presentation* SE/TE: For related content see: Speaking and Listening: Discussion, small group, 224, 361, 476, 897, 1185, 1292, Talk show script, 1461; also see: Research and Technology: Panel discussion, 453 Students will make oral presentations that demonstrate appropriate consideration of audience, purpose, and the information to be conveyed. 3.17: Deliver formal presentations for particular audiences using clear enunciation and appropriate organization, gestures, tone, and vocabulary. 3.18: Create an appropriate scoring guide to evaluate final presentations. GENERAL STANDARD 4: Vocabulary and Concept Development SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Write and Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 448 449; Listening and Speaking: Oral presentation, 14, 474, 565, 702, 1269; Oral report, 681; Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702; Impromptu speech, 222 SE/TE: For related content see: Evaluation form (Communications Workshop), 197, 449, 677 Students will understand and acquire new vocabulary and use it correctly in reading and writing. 4.26: Identify and use correctly new words acquired through study of their different relationships to other words. SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Political Science, History Terms, 450, Mythology, Words from, 678, Religious Traditions, Words from, 678, Scientific, Medical, Mathematical Terms, 954, Idioms, Idiomatic Expressions, 1266, Cognates, 1458; also see: Developing American English: Our Native American Heritage, 9, Truth About O.K., 221, Mark Twain and the American Language, 471, Sliding With Slang, 701, Brave New Words, 1287 1
4.27: Use general dictionaries, specialized dictionaries, thesauruses, histories of language, books of quotations, and other related references as needed. GENERAL STANDARD 5: Structure and Origins of Modern English SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionary, Thesaurus, 198 Students will analyze standard English grammar and usage and recognize how its vocabulary has developed and been influenced by other languages. 5.30: Identify, describe, and apply all conventions of standard English. 5.31: Describe historical changes in conventions for usage and grammar. 5.32: Explain and evaluate the influence of the English language on world literature and world cultures. 5.33: Analyze and explain how the English language has developed and been influenced by other languages. GENERAL STANDARD 6: Formal and Informal English SE/TE: Editing/Proofreading, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455; also see: Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics, 31, 94, 155, 287, 321, 358, 585, 613, 755, 911, 1093, 1115, 1237, 1323, R56 R63 SE/TE: For related content see: Developing American English: Our Native American Heritage, 9, Truth About O.K., 221, Mark Twain and the American Language, 471, Sliding With Slang, 701, Brave New Words, 1287 SE/TE: For related content see: Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 222, 474, 702, 978, 1290; Contemporary Commentary, 15 16, 223 224, 475 476, 703 704, 979 980, 1291 1292; also see: Historical Speeches & Political Texts, 42, 100, 105, 112, 117, 538, 622, 828, 1104; Historical Letters, 181, 182; Historical Documents, 245, 250, 1445 SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Mythology, Words from, 678, Religious Traditions, Words from, 678, Cognates, 1458 Students will describe, analyze, and use appropriately formal and informal English. 6.10: Analyze the role and place of standard American English in speech, writing, and literature. 6.11: Analyze how dialect can be a source of negative or positive stereotypes among social groups. SE/TE: For related content see: Developing American English: Our Native American Heritage, 9, Truth About O.K., 221, Mark Twain and the American Language, 471, Sliding With Slang, 701, Brave New Words, 1287; also see: Diction, 425, 429, 430, 438, 448, 536, 539, 543, 1070, 1077, 1376, 1381 SE/TE: Dialect, 569, 582, 858, 928, 937, 1310, 1316, 1319, 1321; also see: Vocabulary Workshop: Developing American English: Our Native American Heritage, 9, Truth About O.K., 221, Mark Twain and the American Language, 471, Sliding With Slang, 701, Brave New Words, 1287; Idioms, 1266 2
Reading and Literature: GENERAL STANDARD 7: Beginning Reading Students will understand the nature of written English and the relationship of letters and spelling patterns to the sounds of speech. 5 12: The majority of students will have met these standards by the end of Grade 4, although teachers may need to continue addressing earlier standards. GENERAL STANDARD 8: Understanding a Text Students will identify the basic facts and main ideas in a text and use them as the basis for interpretation. For imaginative/literary texts: 8.32: Identify and analyze the point(s) of view in a literary work. 8.33: Analyze patterns of imagery or symbolism and connect them to themes and/or tone and mood. For informational/expository texts: 8.34: Analyze and evaluate the logic and use of evidence in an author s argument. SE/TE: Point of view, 478, 481, 488, 490, 640, 650, 662, 797, 1424, 1439, 1450 SE/TE: Symbol, 40, 44, 45, 270, 283, 285, 334, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 797, 1080, 1083, 1084, 1091; Mood, 256, 263, 268, 797, 1094, 1101; Imagery, 364, 372, 403, 676, 784, 792, 793, 1364, 1367, 1369; Tone, 376, 390, 517, 552, 557, 676, 772, 776, 797, 798, 1374 SE/TE: Arguments, evaluate, 1186, 1190, 1192, 1194, 1198, 1201, 1203, 1207, 1214; also see: Persuasive techniques, 97, 110, 113, 120, 196, 448; Propaganda, 197, 953; Persuasive essay Rhetorical devices, 98, 102, 108, 449, 1070, 1077, 1102;, 1256, 1260, 1264, 1375; Informational Texts: philosophical assumptions, analyze, 614 623, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250 1255 3
GENERAL STANDARD 9: Making Connections Students will deepen their understanding of a literary or non-literary work by relating it to its contemporary context or historical background. 9.7: Relate a literary work to the seminal ideas of its time. GENERAL STANDARD 10: Genre SE/TE: Historical and Literary Background, 4 13, 212 221, 464 473, 692 701, 968 977, 1280 1289; Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 222, 474, 702, 978, 1290; Contemporary Commentary, 15 16, 223 224, 475 476, 703 704, 979 980, 1291 1292; Comparing Literary Works: Political Assumptions, 98, 108; Autobiographies, 157, 165; Social Commentary, 1346, 1355; also see: Historical Speeches & Political Texts, 42, 100, 105, 112, 117, 538, 622, 828, 1104; Political assumptions, analyze, 98, 108, 982, 998; Historical Letters, 181, 182; Historical Documents, 245, 250, 1445; Historical period, evaluate influences of, 226, 229, 231, 237, 240, 634, 639, 1216, 1218, 1234 Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the characteristics of different genres. 10.6: Identify and analyze characteristics of genres (satire, parody, allegory, pastoral) that overlap or cut across the lines of genre classifications such as poetry, prose, drama, short story, essay, and editorial. SE/TE: Focus on Literary Forms: Speeches, 96 97, Poetry, 402 403, Narrative Nonfiction, 516 517, Short Stories, 796 797, Drama, 1116 1117, Essay, 1374 1375; also see: Comparing Literary Works, 18, 29, 46, 55, 98, 108, 110, 120, 139, 152, 157, 165, 256, 268, 323, 333, 364, 372, 406, 420, 530, 535, 536, 543, 587, 593, 718, 726, 866, 871, 901, 908, 913, 919, 922, 927, 982, 998, 1062, 1068, 1102, 1113, 1239, 1346, 1355, 1408, 1421, 1424, 1439 4
GENERAL STANDARD 11: Theme Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of theme in a literary work and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 11.6: Apply knowledge of the concept that a text can contain more than one theme. 11.7: Analyze and compare texts that express a universal theme, and locate support in the text for the identified theme. GENERAL STANDARD 12: Fiction SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works: Multiple Themes, 901, 908, Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919, Social Commentary, 1346, 1355, Themes, 1408, 1421; also see: Essential Questions of the Literary Period: What is the relationship between place and literature?, 6, 214, 470, 694, 976, 1285; What makes American literature American?, 9, 219, 472, 699, 974, 1287; How does literature shape or reflect society?, 11, 216, 466, 696, 970, 1282; Theme, 334, 341, 354, 403, 424, 626, 633, 676, 756, 760, 762, 797, 798, 807, 982, 987, 990, 998, 1334 SE/TE: Theme, 334, 341, 354, 403, 424, 626, 633, 676, 756, 760, 762, 797, 798, 807, 982, 987, 990, 998, 1334; also see: Comparing Literary Works: Multiple Themes, 901, 908, Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919, Social Commentary, 1346, 1355, Themes, 1408, 1421 Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the structure and elements of fiction and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 12.6: Analyze, evaluate, and apply knowledge of how authors use techniques and elements in fiction for rhetorical and aesthetic purposes. SE/TE: Writing Lessons: Response to literature, 154, 910, 1078, Critical essay, 491, 807, 887, Essay in response to criticism, 515, Essay About Historical Context, 763; Character types essay, 593, Character analysis, 715, Approaches to literary criticism, 777, 1069, Critical review, 831, 1322, Poetry essay, 871, 1055, Essay of interpretation, 1025; also see: Literary analysis strategies (before and after reading), 226, 240, 270, 285, 291, 318, 334, 356, 478, 490, 582, 594, 611, 626, 633, 650, 662, 756, 762, 798, 846, 846, 854, 857, 858, 865, 1010, 1024, 1026, 1080, 1091, 1310, 1321, 1324, 1332 5
GENERAL STANDARD 13: Nonfiction Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the purpose, structure, and elements of nonfiction or informational materials and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 13.26: Analyze and evaluate the logic and use of evidence in an author s argument. 13.27: Analyze, explain, and evaluate how authors use the elements of nonfiction to achieve their purposes. GENERAL STANDARD 14: Poetry SE/TE: Arguments, evaluate, 1186, 1190, 1192, 1194, 1198, 1201, 1203, 1207, 1214; also see: Persuasive techniques, 97, 110, 113, 120, 196, 448; Propaganda, 197, 953; Persuasive essay Rhetorical devices, 98, 102, 108, 449, 1070, 1077, 1102;, 1256, 1260, 1264, 1375; Informational Texts: philosophical assumptions, analyze, 614 623, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250 1255 SE/TE: Informational Texts, 128 133, 178 186, 242 254, 392 397, 492 504, 558 562, 614 623, 764 770, 938 943, 1000 1007, 1250 1255, 1392 1400, 1442 1447; also see: Nonfiction texts are integrated into every time period covered by the program. In addition, several units focus on genres of nonfiction exemplified by works of the historical era. Examples can be found in the pages that follow these introductory unit parts: Focus on Literary Forms: Speeches, 96 97, Narrative Nonfiction, 516 517, Essay, 1374 1375 Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the theme, structure, and elements of poetry and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 14.6: Analyze and evaluate the appropriateness of diction and imagery (controlling images, figurative language, understatement, overstatement, irony, paradox). GENERAL STANDARD 15: Style and Language SE/TE: Metaphor, 80, 83, 372, 376, 380, 385, 390, 403, 1040, 1045, 1050, 1055; Figurative language, 364, 369, 403, 449; Diction, 425, 429, 430, 438, 448, 536, 539, 543, 1070, 1077, 1376, 1381; Simile, 784, 793, 1050, 1055; Imagery, 792, 1364, 1367, 1369; also see: Comparing Literary Works: Images, 718, 726, Personification, 866, 871, Imagery, 922, 927 Students will identify and analyze how an author s words appeal to the senses, create imagery, suggest mood, and set tone and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 15.9: Identify, analyze, and evaluate an author s use of rhetorical devices in persuasive argument. SE/TE: Rhetorical devices, 98, 102, 108, 449, 1070, 1077, 1102; also see: Persuasive techniques, 97, 110, 113, 120, 196, 448; Propaganda, 197, 953; Informational Texts: philosophical assumptions, analyze, 614 623, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250 1255 6
15.10: Analyze and compare style and language across significant cross-cultural literary works. SE/TE: The selections in Prentice Hall Literature represent the widest possible range of cultures, literary approaches, genres, and time periods in order to reflect the complexity of human experience. Some of the authors in the grade 9 text include: Authors: Julia Alvarez, 1291, 1294, 1297, 1298, 1451; Elizabeth Bishop, 1071, 1072, 1075; Arna Bontemps, 920, 924; Chief Joseph, 616, 622; Kate Chopin, 627, 628; Stephen Crane, 507, 508; Frederick Douglas, 519, 521; Martín Espada, 1347, 1348; Maxim Gorky, 1137; Ernest Hemingway, 799, 800; Bernard Malamud, 1027, 1028; Herman Melville, 335, 337; Samir S.Patel, 559; Jarrell Randall, 996, 997; Phillis Wheatley, 123, 125; Amy Tan, 1409, 1410 The American Experience feature provides background and information about the historical, cultural, and geographic context of literature selections as well as connections to a variety of disciplines such as math, social studies and science. Examples include: Close-Up on Florida Daily Life: Thanksgiving at St. Augustine, 7; Audubon in the Florida Keys, 215 Close-Up on History: African Americans/Women in the Revolution, 11; Rachel Carson and Environmental Writing, 977 Contemporary Connection: Tallahassee Bus Boycott, 971 Economics: Slave Trade, 174 History Connection: The Mayflower, 60; Biblical Imagery, 88 Humanities Connection: Photographer Mathew Brady, 509 The units of the program are organized chronologically, with every major era of American literature explored through historical, social and cultural context, literary style and innovation, and genre. Unit openers introduce the major elements of each of these strands. Please see the following for examples: Historical and Literary Background, 4 13, 212 221, 464 473, 692 701, 968 977, 1280 1289; Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 222, 474, 702, 978, 1288; Contemporary Commentary, 15 16, 222 223, 475 476, 703 704, 979 980, 1289 1290 7
GENERAL STANDARD 16: Myth, Traditional Narrative, and Classical Literature Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the themes, structure, and elements of myths, traditional narratives, and classical literature and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 16.12: Analyze the influence of mythic, traditional, or classical literature on later literature and film. GENERAL STANDARD 17: Dramatic Literature SE/TE: Oral Tradition Links Past with Present, 15; Comparing Literary Works: Myths, 18, 29, Gothic Literature, 323, 333; Literary History: Gothic Tradition, 322; World Literature Connection: Tenth Muse (Women Poets), 78, Socrates, 142, Mt. Olympus, 382; Mythology Connection: Centaur, 1437 Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the themes, structure, and elements of drama and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding 17.8: Identify and analyze types of dramatic literature. 17.9: Identify and analyze dramatic conventions (monologue, soliloquy, chorus, aside, dramatic irony). GENERAL STANDARD 18: Dramatic Reading and Performance* SE/TE: Focus on Literary Forms: Drama, 1116 1117; The Crucible, 1120 1234; Comparing Literary Works: Political Drama Past and Present, 1239 1249; Informational Texts: newspaper articles (theater/film review, feature article), 1250 1255; also see: World Literature Connection: Dramatic Monologue: Robert Browning, 646, Bertolt Brecht, 1171, Maxim Gorky, 1137, Federico García Lorca, 1199, Wole Soyinka, 1223 SE/TE: Dramatic exposition, 1123, 1127, 1129, 1138, 1146, 1147, 1151, 1158; Biblical allusion & Conflict, internal/external, drama, 1160, 1162, 1164, 1167, 1173, 1182; Characterization and Irony, drama, 1186, 1188, 1189, 1191, 1200, 1201, 1206, 1214 Students will plan and present dramatic readings, recitations, and performances that demonstrate appropriate consideration of audience and purpose 18.6: Demonstrate understanding of the functions of playwright, director, technical designer, and actor by writing, directing, designing, and/or acting in an original play. SE/TE: For related content see: Oral interpretation, 676, 957 8
Composition: GENERAL STANDARD 19: Writing Students will write with a clear focus, coherent organization, and sufficient detail. For imaginative/literary writing:* 19.28: Write well-organized stories or scripts with an explicit or implicit theme, using a variety of literary techniques. 19.29: Write poems using a range of forms and techniques. For informational/expository writing: 19.30: Write coherent compositions with a clear focus, objective presentation of alternate views, rich detail, well-developed paragraphs, and logical argumentation. GENERAL STANDARD 20: Consideration of Audience and Purpose Students will write for different audiences and purposes. 20.6: Use effective rhetorical techniques and demonstrate understanding of purpose, speaker, audience, and form when completing expressive, persuasive, or literary writing assignments. GENERAL STANDARD 21: Revising SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 188 195; Short Story, 1448 1455; Writing Lesson: Play, 30; Journal Entry, 55; Modern Retelling of a Story, 241; Monologue, 845; Sequel, 857; Same Story, 1309; Memoir, 1440; Radio play, 1092 SE/TE: Poem: found, 45, using extended metaphor, 1045 SE/TE: Writing Workshop, 188 195, 440 447, 664 675, 944 951, 1256 1263, 1448 1455; also see: Writing Lesson, 30, 67, 93, 109, 121, 154, 177, 241, 286, 320, 357, 373, 391, 421, 439, 491, 515, 529, 543, 584, 612, 649, 663, 715, 727, 754, 763, 777, 794, 831, 845, 887, 910, 999, 1025, 1039, 1069, 1078, 1092, 1159, 1183, 1215, 1236, 1309, 1322, 1345, 1361, 1391, 1422, 1440; Timed Writing, 133, 187, 255, 397, 505, 562, 624, 771, 943, 1008, 1255, 1447 SE/TE: Persuasive Essay: Issue, analyze both sides of, 1257, Appeals, effective, 1258, Logic, clarify, 1260; also see: Writing Lesson: Persuasive Editorial, 121, Editorial, 391, 663, Persuasive Essay, 255, 562, 1401, Persuasive Letter, 1183, Position Statements, 1255, Parody, 1391 Students will demonstrate improvement in organization, content, paragraph development, level of detail, style, tone, and word choice (diction) in their compositions after revising them. 21.9: Revise writing to improve style, word choice, sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning after rethinking how well questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed. SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Revising, 192, 444, 948, 1260, 1452; Writing Lesson: Revising, 515, 777, 794, 845, 1025, 1236, 1422; Writer s Toolbox: Organization, 667 9
GENERAL STANDARD 22: Standard English Conventions Students will use knowledge of standard English conventions in their writing, revising, and editing. 22.10: Use all conventions of standard English when writing and editing. GENERAL STANDARD 23: Organizing Ideas in Writing SE/TE: Editing/Proofreading, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455; also see: Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics, 31, 94, 155, 287, 321, 358, 585, 613, 755, 911, 1093, 1115, 1237, 1323, R56 R63 Students will organize ideas in writing in a way that makes sense for their purpose. 23.14: Organize ideas for emphasis in a way that suits the purpose of the writer. 23.15: Craft sentences in a way that supports the underlying logic of the ideas. GENERAL STANDARD 24: Research* SE/TE: Drafting: Organization method, 320, 584, 633, 667, 1236, 1258, 1345, 1361; also see: Chart, using, 67, 109, 154, 241, 1025; List, using, 30, 121, 441, 491, 1045, 1322, 1422; Position, support/outline, 391, 1215; Notes, organize/use, 665, 831, 887, 1025; Organization, logical, 794; Blueprint, use, 1449 SE/TE: Sentences, combining, 31, 94; Sentences, vary, 192, 444, 613, 1114; ; Sentence fragments, 447, 951; Phrase, Clause, 613; Avoiding Sentence Fragments and Runons, 1237; Using Transitional Expressions, 1323; Varying Sentences, 1441; Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Handbook, R57 R58 Students will gather information from a variety of sources, analyze and evaluate the quality of the information they obtain, and use it to answer their own questions. 24.6: Formulate original, open-ended questions to explore a topic of interest, design and carry out research, and evaluate the quality of the research paper in terms of the adequacy of its questions, materials, approach, and documentation of sources. GENERAL STANDARD 25: Evaluating Writing and Presentations* SE/TE: Historical Investigation Report: Ideas, 663, Opinion, form/summarize/support, 663, Topic, choose/narrow, 665, Outline, Thesis, 666, Organization method, 667; also see: Research and Technology, 201, 222, 453, 681, 702, 957, 1269, 1290, 1363, 1461; Writing Lesson: Research Paper, 1381; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21 R23 Students will develop and use appropriate rhetorical, logical, and stylistic criteria for assessing final versions of their compositions or research projects before presenting them to varied audiences. 25.6: Individually develop and use criteria for assessing work across the curriculum, explaining why the criteria are appropriate before applying them. SE/TE: Peer review, use, 55, 192, 444, 668, 948, 1260, 1452; Writing Workshop: Rubrics, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455; Guide to Rubrics, R43 R46; also see: Evaluation form (Communications Workshop), 197, 449, 677 10
Media: GENERAL STANDARD 26: Analysis of Media* Students will identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the conventions, elements, and techniques of film, radio, video, television, multimedia productions, the Internet, and emerging technologies, and provide evidence from the works to support their understanding. 26.6: Identify the aesthetic effects of a media presentation and identify and evaluate the techniques used to create them. GENERAL STANDARD 27: Media Production* SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Political Ad (nonprint), 952 953, Entertainment Media Analysis, 1264 1265, Print Media Comparison, 1456 1457 Students will design and create coherent media productions (audio, video, television, multimedia, Internet, emerging technologies) with a clear controlling idea, adequate detail, and appropriate consideration of audience, purpose, and medium. (See also Standards 18, 24, 26, and the Theatre Standards of the Arts Curriculum Framework.) 27.8: Create coherent media productions that synthesize information from several sources. SE/TE: Multimedia Presentation, 944 951; Writing Lesson: Electronic Slide Presentation, 535, Multi-Genre Response to Literature, 910, Multi-Genre Response to Poetry, 1078, Ad Campaign, 1363; Communications Workshop: Oral Interpretation of a Literary Work, 676 677, Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702 11